Quarter 3 Module 1

Reading and
Writing Skills

Lesson 1: Patterns and

Properties of Written Texts
Quarter 3 Module 1

Reading and
Writing Skills

Lesson 1: Patterns and

Properties of Written Texts
Objectives:
1. Compare and contrast patterns of written texts across
disciplines;
2. Evaluate a written text based on its properties (organization,
coherence and cohesion, language use and mechanics)
 Communication plays a vital role in our day-
to-day activities, so it is necessary to be
adept to it.

In order to understand and to

be understood genuinely, it is
very significant to be virtuoso to
the four macro-skills of
communication: speaking,
listening, reading, and writing.
What is
writing?
What is
writing?
Writing is the process of choosing
the appropriate letters,
characters, and symbols to be
written on paper or encoded in a
computer. It is a skill that you
should hone in order to express
ideas, concepts, or feelings in a
nonverbal way.
Reading, on the
other hand, is an act
of decoding the
letters, characters, or
symbols that were
written, posted, or
published.
Reading involves
Critical thinking in
order to fully
understand the texts or
symbols read. It
directs you to the
path of infinite
potentials to gain
information.
Eight (8) patterns of
development
1. Cause-Effect
2. Classification
3. Comparison-Contrast
4. Definition
5. Description
6. Narration
7. Persuasion
8. Problem-Solution
A cause and effect
present why
something happens,
what causes it, what
are the effects, and
how it is related to
something else.
Cue words to
signify a cause
are:
cause of,
because of, for,
due to, as, and
since.
Expressions that
signify effect are:
therefore,
consequently, so,
so that, thus, the
explanation for, and
accordingly.
 2.
CLASSIFICATION
A Classification
pattern of written
text groups or
classifies items or
things into their
parts, types, kinds,
or categories.
The signal words to indicate
that the classification pattern
of written text is used are a
part of, a kind of, a type of, a
group of, a way of, a class of,
an example of, divided into,
and comprised of.
3. COMPARISON AND
CONTRAST
The comparison
involves the
identification of
similarities of at least
two things, ideas,
concepts, or persons
being compared while
contrast encompasses
the identification of
differences between or
among two subjects or
topics.
Signal words
comparison
Are:
similarly, in like
manner, and in the
same way.

Signal words for

contrast are:
on the contrary, the
opposite, compared to,
in contrast, although,
4. DEFINITION
Definition text explains what
something is in comparison to
other members of its class, along
with any limitations. It explains
the nature of something and
moves beyond a dictionary
definition to deeply examine the
word, idea, or concept as we use
and understand it.
What is a
machine?
In dealing with definition as a
pattern of written text, you will
always encounter denotation and
connotation.
Denotation is the literal meaning
of a word which means that
consulting the dictionary is the
best way for it.
Connotation is the feeling or idea
that the word suggests to its literal
meaning. It is an expression of how
one perceives a word based on
his/her background or experiences.
Some expressions that signal a
definition text are: contain, make-up,
involves, is/are, means, is defined
as, refers to, appears to be, as,
pertains to, “means,” “is defined as,”
and “refers to”.
5. DESCRIPTION
Description as a pattern
of written texts refers to
identifying concrete
details about
appearances,
characteristics, and
actions.
Adjectives and
adverbs are used in
the description.
 6.
NARRATION
Narration deals with
stories. When you
write a narrative, you
are expected to tell a
story, whether it is
real or imaginary.
ELEMENTS
OF
NARRATIVE
WRITING
1. Characters
2. Setting
3. Plot
4. Point of View
5. Theme
6. Tone
7. Style
8. Conflict
7. PERSUASION
Persuasion is a literary
technique that writers
use to present their
ideas through reason
and logic, to influence
the audience and
move them to action.
Types of
Persuasion
1. Ethos
It is linked with morality
and ethics. In this
method of persuasion,
writers or speakers
convince their audience
of their goodwill and
present themselves as
trustworthy.
2. Logos
Logos comes from
logic, therefore
writers use logic,
reasoning, and
rationality to
convince audiences
of their perspectives.
3. Pathos
The third method
is pathos, which
invokes and
appeals to the
emotions of
the audience.
8. PROBLEM-SOLUTION
A problem-solution
text starts with a
negative situation
(a problem) and
ends with a positive
situation
(a solution).
Problem-
Solution consists
of four key
components: a
situation, a
problem, a
solution, and an
evaluation.
 Page 11

Genesis chapter 1-2

 Quarter 3 Module 1

Reading and Writing

Skills

Lesson 2: Properties of
Written Texts
Four properties of Written Text:

a. text organization

b. cohesion and coherence

c. language use

d. language mechanics
1. TEXT
ORGANIZATION
Text organization
is achieved when
ideas are logically
and accurately
arranged.
It is said that ideas are
well developed when
there is a clear
statement of purpose,
position, facts,
examples, specific
details, definitions,
explanations,
justifications, or
opposing viewpoints.
Features of Text
Organization
1. Physical Format
The format is an aspect of
the organization that is
immediately apparent to
the reader. It is seen in
how the text physically
appears like headings and
subheadings, bullet
points, or font emphasis.
2. Structure
The structure refers to the complete
framework of the text. It consists of
•Beginning: introduction, thesis statement
• Middle: supporting details
• End: conclusion, summary, the final
message
3. Signal Words-
Signal words are
the cue in the
ordering of events
and concepts.
2. COHERENCE
AND COHESION
Coherence is the
connection of ideas to the
central concept of the
text.
Cohesion is the
relationship of ideas
between sentences.
Coherence refers to how the sentences in a
paragraph follow each other reasonably -
stresses the connection of ideas at the idea
level.
Cohesion refers to how the ideas of
sentences and paragraphs stick together to
support the controlling idea - stresses the
connection of ideas at the sentence level.
 3.
LANGUAGE
USE
You must make good
choices when it comes to
language use because
how you use the language
affects the tone of the text
and the reader’s
interpretation of it.
Know when to use formal
or informal language.
Examples:
1. We asked the secretary to call the
professor and get her permission for
us to continue our research.
2. We requested the secretary to
contact the professor and obtain her
permission for us to continue our
research.
4.
LANGUAGE
MECHANICS
Language
mechanics is a set
of conventions on
how to spell,
abbreviate,
punctuate, and
capitalize.
1. Spelling
• Remember that there are slight differences
in American English and British English
spelling.
2. Punctuation

It pertains to the act or practice

of inserting standardized marks
or signs in

the written matter to clarify the

meaning and separate structural
units.
A woman without her
man is nothing.

A woman, without her,

man is nothing.

A woman without her

man is nothing.
Let’s eat children!
Let’s eat, children!
3. Capitalization
Capitalization is the
act of writing the
first letter of a word
in uppercase
while the rest of the
letters are in
lowercase.
Activity:
Deepen
Direction. Read the
text and assess it based
on its properties
(organization,
coherence, cohesion,
language use, and
mechanics). Explain the
reason of your rating
on each property.
Phase Out the Obsolete
Jeepney (an excerpt)
By: Neal H. Cruz
Pg. 26
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