EVROPSKI UNIVERZITET BRČKO

DISTRIKT
Pedagoški fakultet
Razredna nastava sa defektologijom

Course: English language 1

SEMINAR PAPER
Time Management

Student: Professor:
Almina Mahovkić 015/23-RND prof.dr Valentina Budinčić
Content:

Contents
1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................3
2.0 Background to time management.....................................................................................4
2.1 Objective.........................................................................................................................4
2.2 What exactly is time management?..............................................................................4
2.3 Concept of time management........................................................................................5
2.4 Effective personal time survey......................................................................................5
2.5 Atributes of time.............................................................................................................6
3.0 The myth of Time Management........................................................................................6
3.1 Why is Time Management important?........................................................................8
4.0 Principles for effective Time Management......................................................................9
4.1 Assessing your time management to wards performance........................................10
5.0 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................11
6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................12
 1. INTRODUCTION
The term management, as defined by Henry Sisk ‘is the co-ordination of allresources through
the processes of planning, organising, directing and controlling in order toattain stated goals’.
So Time Management may be understood as the process of managing thetime factor in order
to attain declared goals. Why the issue of time management gains muchsignificance in the
present days? Let me portray a student coming out of the examination hallafter the exam.
When his friend asks him about the exam, he will yell “Oh! My dear I didn’t gettime to
complete”. In another instance we can see a husband confessing to his wife that he didn’tget
time to buy the vegetables and so on. In the above cited instances we see the problem maker
is not lack of time but failure to use the time efficiently. Unlike other resources a person
cannotcreate or hire time. What a human being can do is merely to utilise the available time
wisely andfruitfully. When a person is capable of allocating successfully the time for the
conduct of hisdaily affairs neatly, he can be said to have managed the time with most
efficacy. In this modernworld of cut throat competition opportunities may vanish if we fail to
manage the timeeffectively. Let us have a detailed study about time management and related
issues.
2.0 Background to time management
Time is a period of time considered as resources under your control and sufficient to
accomplish something – Isaac (1999), it can also be regarded as the period during which
actions or processes take place- Webster’s Collins dictionary calls time as a system or
measuring duration. A scarce resources which must be properly managed otherwise nothing
can be managed Healthier (2005)
Hence, Time is the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the
present to the pass. (Anand 2007) The supply of time is very limited, while the demand for it
is limitless. Time lost is lost forever. Time is life. To waste your time is to waste your life. To
a typical European,time is money, it must be respected. To a Nigerian time is a snail. It must
crawl and wait for him and no event should take place until after two or three hours of
advertised take off time.

2.1 Objective

The broad objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of time management of
organizational. In order to achieve the objective, the following specific objectives are also
being pursued:
 To Learn what effective time managers do
 To Practice using the tools and skills of time masters
 To Create more time to get more accomplished each day
 To Identify common mistakes of time wasters
 To Build deeper relationships by spending more time with others and achieving
morein an organization

2.2 What exactly is time management?

Time management is a set of principles, practices, skills, tools, and systems working together
to help you get more value out of your time with the aim of improving the quality of your
life.The important point is that time management is not necessarily about getting lots of stuff
done, because much more important than that is making sure that you are working on the
right things, the things that truly need to be done. Smart time managers know that there is
much more to do than anyone could possibly accomplish. So instead of trying to do it all,
smart time managers are very picky about how they spend their time. They choose to focus
and spend their time doing a few vital projects that will really make a difference, rather than
spending all their time doing many trivial things that don't reallymatter all that much. If you
become a good time manager, you’ll not only get a lot more done in less time, but you’ll feel
more relaxed, focused and in control of your life. You’ll be able to use your time in a much
more balanced and effective way and you’ll be able to make time for the people and activities
that you love. When you get to the end of a busy day, you’ll feel astrong sense of
accomplishment from everything that you actually got done. Improving your time
management skills can even help you get better results by doing less work, because you're
focusing on the things that really matter rather than all the low-priority busy work that just
keeps you busy. If you don’t learn how to manage your time well, you’ll be far less
productive than you could be and you’ll get a lot less done. You’ll also feel much more
stressed and overwhelmed, and you’ll struggle to find time to spend with the people you care
aboutand to do the things you enjoy.

2.3 Concept of time management

Time is an essential resource; it is irrecoverable, limited and dynamic. Irrecoverable because

every minute spent is gone forever, limited because only 24 hours exist in a dayand dynamic
because it’s never static. It keeps on moving and does not wait for anybody.
According to North (2004), Time management is the organization of tasks or events by first
estimating how much time a task will take to be completed, when it must be completed, and
then adjusting events that would interfere with its completion so thatcompletion is reached in
the appropriate amount of time. Time Management is not about getting more things done in a
day. It is about getting the things that matter most done. Time management is the ability to
decide what is important in life both at work, at home and even in our personal live. In
essence, you are the one incontrol of your life; you are the driver of your car.

2.4 Effective personal time survey

To begin managing your time you first need a clearer idea of how you now use your time.
The personal time survey will help you to estimate how much time you currently spent in a
given task. To get a more accurate estimate, you might keep track of how you spent your time
for a week. This will help you get a better idea of how much time you need to prepare for
each subject. It will also help you identify your time wasters. But for now, complete the
personal time survey to get an estimate. When deciding if effective time is Management
important, consider why you should manage your time. The old adage says “all work and no
play make Johnny a dull boy” is absolutely true. Practicing time management at your job is
not merely to get more work squeezed into an eight hour day, but mostly so that you have
time for the important things in life.

2.5 Atributes of time

 It is a unique resource
 Time is most scarce resource in the universe
 Time cannot be replaced like man
 Time cannot be accumulated like money
 Time cannot be turned on and off like machine
 Time cannot be stock piled like raw materials
 Time passes at a pre-determined rate whatever happens
 Everybody is equally endowed with the same amount of it irrespective of his position
 Time like any other scarce resource must be managed and used judiciously

3.0 The myth of Time Management

Here are three tips to keep you from wasting time on the wrong priorities. Most people view
time management as a way to more effectively use their time. However, they are focusing on
managing the wrong thing. The focus needs to be on managing yourself and what you choose
to do at any particular moment.The fact is that you don’t manage time. Rather, you control
and manage events and the choices you make about how to use your time. How you use your
time is a personal decision. It’s all about prioritizing. Use the following steps to make
yourself aware of the choices you make every day with regards to your time so you can make
the most of it.
 1. Chart your time.
Because you need to manage what you do and not time itself, you need to create aschedule.
Detail what you want to do during a day. What are the important things youmust do? What
things would you like to do? However, don’t create your schedule as your day progresses.
Rather, do it the night before or in the early morning before you start your day. If you don’t
choose to create a detailed schedule of your day, other unplanned events will end up stealing
your precious time.While most people realize the importance of scheduling and creating to-
do lists, they fail to realize that scheduling is a two-step process. Once you’ve finished your
day, you must go back over your schedule to see how you did with your planned tasks. Did
you spend the amount of time you allotted for the tasks? Did you spend some of the time
youallotted for one activity on something completely different? You might be surprised when
you examine your schedule at the end of the day to discover how much time you actually
wasted.
2. Learn to say no
Realize that it is impossible to be all things to all people. You need to maintain balance in
your life, so don’t overextend yourself by taking on so many projects and tasks that you
won’t be able to properly manage them in your schedule. To do so, you must learn to say
no.Realize that your time is just as precious as everyone else’s. If you don’t decide what to do
during your day, other people will fill your schedule for you with their agenda. If you don’t
say no, Parkinson’s Law can take effect: Work expands so as to fill the time available for its
completion.
3. Prioritize
Once you have your detailed schedule of your day and you’ve said no to anything extra you
could not realistically manage, you can prioritize your activities. The more detailed and
specific your schedule is, the more you will have to prioritize what you need to do during the
day. Rank each item in order of importance and then follow that. Don’t put something off that
you ranked as very important just because it involves dealing with a difficult person or is very
time consuming. If you do, you will just continue to put it off, and it will never get done. In
addition, consider all the time you’re wasting thinking about this dreaded task.By the time
you’ve thought it through, you could have already completed it.
3.1 Why is Time Management important?

Here are the top reasons why time management is of great importance to your personal and
career success:
1. Time is limited.
Time is a very special resource in that you cannot store it or save it for later. Everyone gets
the exact same amount of time each and every day. If you don' tuse your time wisely, you can
never get it back.
2. Time is scarce
Most people feel like they have too much to do and not enough time. Lack of time is blamed
for everything from not getting enough exercise, poor finances, unachieved goals, too much
stress, bad relationships, and even an unfulfilled life. Time management helps you use the
time that you do have in better ways.
3. You need time to get what you want out of life
You need time to do almost anything worth while in life. Waiting for more free time is a
loosing game that almost never results in getting time for what you want. You need to learn
how to make time for the things that are important to you. Even if you can only afford to give
a small amount of time each week to your goals, you'd be surprised at how much progress
you can make.
4. You can accomplish more with less effort.
When you become more productive using improved time management skills and tools, you
can accomplish more with less effort. Reducing wasted time and effort gives you even more
productive time throughout the day. Both of these allow you to make time for a wide range of
activities that bring more balance and fulfillment to your life.
5. Too many choices
In this day and age, there are so many ways you can spend your time, that you need some
sort of plan to make intelligent choices. Time management helps you make conscious choices
so you can spend more of your time doing things that are important and valuable to you.

4.0 Principles for effective Time Management

  Planning
This involves the formulation of goals and the definition of practical ways or steps to be
taken to achieving same. If you fail to plan you have plan to fail. If you are committed to
bridging the gap between your potential and your performance, better time management
should become your lifestyle choice. There are three types of plans namely;
1. Strategic Plan
2. Intermediate Plan
3. Short term Plans

 Organization
Organization means putting all resources you have into plan to achieve personal goal. Listed
below are principles for personal organization at work.
1. Setting your priorities
2. Time targets are set for priorities
3. Allow time space for the unexpected
4. Do not embark on more than one project at a time
5. Be a productive thinker
6. Separate duties properly
7. Work according to your temperament
8. Do not develop impossible systems
9. Allow time for idle minute between meetings and major jobs
10. Focus on results not in activity

 Responsibility
The essence of modern management borders on responsibility and accountability. It is
common to find people passing the buck for every iota of failure or irregularity. Winston
Churchill said “The Price of greatness is responsibility. The steps towards responsibility are:
1. Being responsible for who you are
2. Being responsible for what you can do
3. Being responsible for what you have received
4. Being responsible to those that you lead

 Accountability and Integrity

It is one thing to have a goal or dream; it is another thing to achieve that same goal. At the
end of specific periods, it is important for every responsible person to take stock of actual
results of his / her actions and compare same with plans.
4.1 Assessing your time management to wards performance

It is important to determine the success of your time management.

This will allow you tomake the necessary changes to the way you use your time to do this.
 Make a daily list of the tasks you wish to achieve
 At the end of each day review this list as you reach your goals?
 Use this information to make any changes that may be required
 Get feedback on your time management from other employees.

To control your time, you need a very clear understanding of your priorities, not only for your
life. This required constant planning, review, and revision. Take time every day to determine
what tomorrow’s priorities are. Frequently and regularly review your goal;make sure that
what you do forwards them. Do the same things with your life determine what is important
and make sure that you spend time forwarding those things, focus, have goals, have a plan,
and time management will be easier, because you will have some basis for the decisions and
choices you will have to make.Some managers lack focus, and desire to be involved in very
detailed activity in the organization. This is coursed by lack of objectivity with clear priorities
of tasks. Manager should recognize what is essential and what is not, and learn to know
responsibilities,decide priorities and have time for everything.

5.0 CONCLUSION
Effective time management is a panacea to organizational effectiveness and not a placebo.
Effective time management will improve staff productivity, make scheduling of jobs easier,
make staff to perform tasks at their highest skill level, help staff to prioritize and accomplish
important task, record and guide the organization towards achieving set goal. To control your
time, you need a very clear understanding of your priorities, not only for your life. This
required constant planning, review, and revision. Take time every day to determine what
tomorrow’s priorities are. Frequently and regularly review your goal;make sure that what you
do forwards them. Do the same things with your life determine what is important and make
sure that you spend time forwarding those things, focus, have goals, have a plan, and time
management will be easier, because you will have some basis for the decisions and choices
you will have to make.

6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Adam, E. K and Seil, E.K (2007)“Sleep Timing an Quality in Ecological Family
Content: A Nationally representative time – diary study”Journal of family Psychology
Vol. 21, n1, pp4-19.
 Alan, L. (1989) “ How to get Control of your Time and your Life” . Signet Cmm,
Reissue
 Anand, V (2007)“ A Study of Time Management: The Correlation Between Video
GameUsage and Academic Performance Markers” Journal of cyberpscychology and
Behavior Vol.10, n4 pp552-559 September, 16.
 Blumenthal, J (1998) “ How to Take Control of your life and Say “Good-Bye” to
Stress” .Bottom line personal 20 (6); 6-10 March 15,
 Brian, T (2002) “ Eat that Frog, 21 Great Ways to Stop Procrastinating and Get more
Done Inless Time”. Berrett- Koehler.
 Godwin, C (2002) “Time in Action.Current” Anthropology 43 (Supplement), 19-35
 Group, C. A. (2003)“Complete Idiot Guide to Overcoming Procrastination” PP 20-55
 Heather, M (2005)“ No Time., Stress and the Crisis of Modern Life”. Douglas and
Mcintyre