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DB Concept

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20 views3 pages

DB Concept

Uploaded by

technocomy2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RDBMS Concepts

RDBMS stands for relational database management system. A relational model


can be represented as a table of rows and columns. A relational database has
following major components:
1. Table
2. Record or Tuple
3. Field or Column name or Attribute
4. Domain
5. Instance
6. Schema
7. Keys

1. Table
A table is a collection of data represented in rows and columns. Each table has a
name in database. For example, the following table “STUDENT” stores the
information of students in database.

Table: STUDENT

Student_Id Student_Name Student_Addr Student_Age

101 Chaitanya Dayal Bagh, Agra 27

102 Ajeet Delhi 26

103 Rahul Gurgaon 24

104 Shubham Chennai 25

2. Record or Tuple
Each row of a table is known as record. It is also known as tuple. For example,
the following row is a record that we have taken from the above table.

102 Ajeet Delhi 26


3. Field or Column name or Attribute
The above table “STUDENT” has four fields (or attributes): Student_Id,
Student_Name, Student_Addr & Student_Age.

4. Domain
A domain is a set of permitted values for an attribute in table. For example, a
domain of month-of-year can accept January, February,…December as values, a
domain of dates can accept all possible valid dates etc. We specify domain of
attribute while creating a table.

An attribute cannot accept values that are outside of their domains. For example,
In the above table “STUDENT”, the Student_Id field has integer domain so that
field cannot accept values that are not integers for example, Student_Id cannot
has values like, “First”, 10.11 etc.

5. Instance and Schema


I have already covered instance and schema in a separate guide

6. Keys
This is our next topic, I have covered the keys in detail in separate tutorials. You

keys in DBMS
Key plays an important role in relational database; it is used for identifying unique
rows from table. It also establishes relationship among tables.

Types of keys in DBMS


Note: Guys I have been getting comments that there are no examples of keys
here. If you click on the hyperlink provided below in green colour, you would see
the complete separate tutorial of each key with examples.

Primary Key – A primary is a column or set of columns in a table that uniquely


identifies tuples (rows) in that table.
Super Key – A super key is a set of one of more columns (attributes) to uniquely
identify rows in a table.

Candidate Key – A super key with no redundant attribute is known as candidate


key

Alternate Key – Out of all candidate keys, only one gets selected as primary key,
remaining keys are known as alternate or secondary keys.

Composite Key – A key that consists of more than one attribute to uniquely
identify rows (also known as records & tuples) in a table is called composite key.

Foreign Key – Foreign keys are the columns of a table that points to the primary
key of another table. They act as a cross-reference between tables.

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