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History Lesson Notes JSS1(Basic

7) Second Term
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Historical sites in Nigeria

History Scheme of Work JSS1 Second Term

Week 1– 4: Historical sites in Nigeria

NOK

1. Location of NOK on the map of Nigeria

2. The Nok culture

 Meaning

Artifacts

People

Occupational activities etc

3. Significance of Nok culture in the Nigeria

Week 5 – 7: Historical sites in Nigeria

ILE IFE

1.Location of Ile Ife on the map of Nigeria

2. Culture and tradition :

The place of Ife in Yoruba History

Ife :

Figures/artifacts

The people

Occupational activities etc

3. Significance of Ife culture in Nigerian

Week 8 – 10: Historical sites in Nigeria

BENIN

1. Location of Benin on the map of Nigeria

2. The Edo (Benin) culture and history:

 Figures/artifacts

The people

Occupational activities etc

3. Significance of Edo (Benin) culture in Ni

Week 8 – 10: Historical sites in Nigeria

IGBO-UKWU

1. Location of Igbo Ukwu on the map of Nigeria

2. The Igbo Ukwu culture and history:

Figures/artifacts

The people

Occupational activities etc

3. Significance of Igbo Ukwu culture in Nigerian History

Week 11 – 13: Revision and Examination

WEEK 1-4

TOPIC; NOK CULTURE;

NOK, culture is described by Wikipedia as an early iron age

population whose material remains, were named after NOK, a
village in the present Kaduna state of Nigeria, it existed as
evidence showed, as early as 1000BC in central Nigeria,

it has also been described as a culture which provides evidence of

earliest Nigeria ancient civilization. NOK art works were named
after the NOK village by BERNARD FAGG .Archaeological studies
of NOK culture had produced evidence of extensive iron work in
:
 the form of furnace and the production of terracotta (baked clay ),
figure of a great artistic styles and values.

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History Lesson Notes JSS3 (Basic 9) First Term

History Lesson Notes JSS3 (Basic 9)

The findings of various figures in NOK had established and proved

what NOK culture looked like;

THE PEOPLE; The people of NOK are Nigerians found between

Niger and Kaduna rivers in the north central geopolitical zone of
Nigeria.

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According to historical evidence, Nok people were very skillful in

iron work and this is proved by complex iron tools produced by
:
 them. The site of this evidence is in Taruga which is located in the
present day federal territory Abuja.

Besides, they were also great sculptors, the NOK people had the
oldest sculpture (terracotta i.e baked clay ) in Nigeria and the
entire black Africa.

From various findings pertaining to NOK culture, the prominent

occupations were;

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IRON AND TIN MINING; It could be seen that the people were
involved in the processing of iron and tin mining which they
smelted for the production of tools and implements for domestic
uses

IRON AND TIN SMELTING; NOK people were producers of objects

such as bracelets, ornaments, necklaces, tools made from iron etc.

FARMING; Apart from the above activities, Nok people were also
farmers producing both food and cash crops such as millets,
guinea corn etc., they also grew fruits.
:
 FEATURES OF NOK CULTURE
1. It is regarded as the first place where the use of iron in
Nigeria was identified.

2. the figurines are called “terracotta”

3. They have the oldest culture

4. Like that of Ife culture, Nok culture is characterized by

figurines that are not perfect.

5. Most of the figure have pieced lips,eyes and nose

SIGNIFICANCE OF NOK CULTURE

1. NOK culture has shown the people of NOK were the first
people to make use of iron to produce objects such as
implements for domestic uses and tools for farming.

2. The discovery of terracotta objects have also revealed NOK

people have engaged in the production of figurine of
distinctive artistic styles and beauty.

3. moreover, the discoveries in NOK have also shown that

Nigerians have been engaging in local technology before the
coming of Europeans
:
 ARTIFACTS; The first known NOK artifact was discovered in 1028,
by colonel Dent Young in mining site near the village of NOK in
Kaduna state .in 1943,tin miners again accidentally discovered a
head similar to that found by young. Further excavations around
NOK have led to discoveries of objects of wrought iron, red ocher,
quartz, hammer stone and many other materials.

NOK artifacts are also made up of excellent piece of human beings

and animals figurines called terracotta, made into bracelets and
ornaments around people legs, waist and others which were worn
as necklaces and beads, other NOK artifacts are stone axe,
grinding stones, stone rings, stone beads, pottery head and so on,

CLASS WORK

1. Where is Nok on Nigeria map?

2. Who were the NOK people?

3. Mention two NOK artifacts

4. What were the occupations of Nok people?

ASSIGNMENT
:
 Narrate the history of Ile Ife

History Note for Secondary School – Edudelight.com

WEEK 5-7

TOPIC; ILE- IFE

THE PLACE OF ILE – IFE IN YORUBA
HISTORY
Ife is an ancient city in the present Osun state in the south west
geopolitical zone of Nigeria.it can be regarded as the oldest city in
Yoruba land, it is widely regarded as the cradle and spiritual home
of the Yoruba people in Nigeria.

Ile- Ife which literally means place of dispersion or point of

spreading is also being regarded by the Yoruba’s as the cradle of
mankind.

According to oral tradition of the history of Yoruba people and

from the research carried out by an historian, it is believed that the
Yoruba people left somewhere in the Middle East with Oduduwa as
their leader and later settled in Ile- Ife .
:
 all other Yoruba speaking people later migrated to other parts of
Yoruba land including the Yoruba’s in the present republic of this
development later led to the establishment of major Yoruba
kingdoms in the 18th century. These kingdom were, Ife as the
head, Oyo kingdom, Ekiti kingdom, Egbado kingdom, Ijesha
kingdom, Ondo kingdom, ketu kingdom, Owu kingdom, Sabe
kingdom, as well as Ijebu kingdom

THE PEOPLE OF IFE

Ife people were the original or first descendants of oduduwa the
father of the Yorubas .all other Yoruba kingdoms emerged from
Ife people, Ife people reside in the ancient city of Ile- Ife which is
the capital or the spiritual mecca of the Yoruba ,oduduwa was the
first king of the people of Ife .

ARTIFACTS; like NOK, culture, Ife culture is made up of figurines

known as terracotta (baked clay ), these figurines which are
known as artifacts of Ife culture have similarities with NOK culture.
The difference in both is that while Ife terracotta had tribal marks,
also known as striation on their head, NOK’S did not have.

Ife terracotta is said to belong to method of discovery known as

:
 ‘lost wax’ (cire perdue ), Ife bronze head is one of the most
popular artifacts of Ife .other remarkable objects were copper
mask of Obalufon from Ife city, metallic figures in brass
discovered by a German called frobenius, quartz pebbles for
making glass beads among others.

FEATURES OF Ife CULTURE

1. It is the artistic home of the Yorubas.

2. Ife figurines known as terracotta belong to what has been

regarded as ‘lost wax’ or cire perdue’ system believed to be
oldest in west Africa.

3. Ife culture is also known for its l Ife style brass heads
executed in naturalistic style.

4. Ife terracotta can be distinguished from that of NOK for their

tribal marks called striation

SIGNIFICANCE OF IFE CULTURE

:
 1. Ife culture revealed that Nigerians have had home grown
technology which attracted some Europeans like Richard and
John lander far back in 19th century.

2. The presence of what was regarded as tribal marks on the

heads of Ife culture differentiates it from other cultures
particularly NOK culture,

3. Ife culture had also shown that there is historical link

between Ife and Benin

CLASSWORK

1. Where is Ife on Nigeria map?

2. Who were the Ife people?

3. Mention two Ife artifacts.

4. What were the occupation of Ife people?

5. Identify some other remarkable objects, under artifacts of Ife

culture.

6. Identify the people of Ile- Ife in relation to their occupation.

7. Identify two significance of Ife culture

ASSIGNMENT;

Narrate the history of Benin culture in Nigeria

History Note for Secondary School – Edudelight.com

WEEK 8-9

TOPIC; HISTORICAL SITES IN

NIGERIA…… BENIN
The people of Benin who are also called Edo or bini are found in
Edo state of Nigeria. They speak Edo language among many other
languages ,they are known for beads, body marks, bangles, ankle
:
 as part of their dressing. The culture of Benin people depicts their
true cultural activities and traditions, for examples, they give
recognition and regard to the institution of obaship as in the case
of Ife and their brass objects.

Artifacts
Benin culture and tradition have links with the use of brass objects
to express their ingenuity in the works of art0,for example, brass
objects from Benin depicted palace activities .,it also showed
Benin relationship with Europeans particularly revealed how Benin
people came in contact with European.

by 1959,one frank willet who worked on site in Benin discovered

large quantity of POTTERY WORKS.

Also between 1961 and 1964, the activities of Graham Connah led
to excavation of various artifacts in form of iron smiting for the
production of bracelets, glass beads, smoking pipes, etc.

occupational activities; Benin people are well known in the use of

brass metals to produce objects which portray religious activities
and obaship institutions as earlier mentioned, apart from their
engagement in the works of art, Benin people are also known for
the production and sale of both cash and food crops such as
rubber, oil palm, yam, cassava.

This signifies that Benin people had contact with the various
people of Nigeria.

FEATURES OF BENIN CULTURE IN

NIGERIAN HISTORY
:
 1. Benin people are known for the production and use of brass
and bronze metal

2. Benin figurines usually have protruding eye balls

3. The head of the figurines are usually biggar than other parts

4. Benin arts are highly decorative

5. Most of the arts portray royal figures

SIGNIFICANCE OF BENIN CULTURE TO

NIGERIAN HISTORY
1. Benin culture has revealed that some degree of specialization
were achieved in the production of brass metals.

2. The discoveries in Benin also showed that the people had

contacts with the Europeans and the introduction of
Christianity.

3. Ivory mask of Queen idia was used as symbol of festac77

CLASS WORK

1. Where is Benin (Edo ) on Nigeria map?

2. who were the EDO people

3. Mention two Benin artifacts.

4. what were the occupation of Benin people in the pre-colonial

era

ASSIGNMENT

Identify the location of Igbo-ukwu on the map of Nigeria

History Note for Secondary School – Edudelight.com

WEEK 10

TOPIC; HISTORICAL SITES IN

:
 NIGERIA
The people of Igbo-ukwu are one of the Igbo-speaking people in
the south east geopolitical zone of Nigeria, They are specifically
found in Anambra state of Nigeria.

Igbo ukwu used to be part of Uri kingdom which existed in the 10th
century.

The town is known for popular archaeological sites where for the
first time sophisticated and precious bronze works were
discovered.

FIGURES AND ARTIFACTS

The history behind the discovery of Igbo-ukwu culture can be
traced to the excavation carried out by Professor THURSAN
SHAWN in 1960 and 1964.

The discoveries in Igbo ukwu signifies things that showed the

traditional burial sites of their rulers, i.e burial chambers, further
more,the discovery of Igbo-ukwu culture which was achieved in
1938,led to the process of digging of small area in one of the
seven quarters in Igbo-ukwu highly decorated bronze objects.

These sites were named after the compound where they were
found, each sites had its peculiar discoveries, and they are the
following;

Igbo-Isaiah; In ISAIAH ANOZIE compound a shrine was discovered

,the major artifacts in the shrine were a rope pot, an altar stand,
beaded chains and crotals, a bowl on stand etc.

Igbo-Richard ;. In the compound of RICHARD ANOZIE, the tomb (

burial chamber ) of a priest king was discovered, The following
:
 were also found with this corpse, cooper anklets and strings of
beads, breastplate, beaded head dress, bronze crown,bronze
leopard skull, etc

Igbo-Jonah; in the compound of JONAH ANOZIE,a refuse dump

where most decorated pot that was ever made by any potter
before discovered.

OCCUPATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF IGBO

UKWU
Igbo ukwu ancestors according to history were smithers of copper
and its alloys, They were among the west African people that used
lost wax casting method for bronze sculpture production

besides, like their other Igbos they were great farmers known for
the production of mostly food crops like cassava, yam, cocoyam,
etc. They were popular for tapping and sale of palm wine,

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NOK, IFE

,BENIN,AND IGBO-UKWU IN RELATION TO
NIGERIAN HISTORY
1. They showed beyond any doubt that the people of Nigeria
had their own form of technology, i.e. civilization, e.g. the use
of metals to produce tools and implements for various uses.

2. They also showed that the people of Nigeria before the arrival
of Europeans enjoyed various degrees of development, e.g.
settled l Ife.

3. The discoveries of various objects such as brass and bronze

helped to promote the culture of the people of Nigerian to the
outside world E.g., FESTAC symbols that was stolen by British
soldiers when they invaded Benin in 1897.
:
 CLASS WORK

1. Locate Igbo ukwu on Nigeria map

2. mention the three major archaeological sites in Igbo-ukwu

3. state any two significance of Igbo-ukwu culture to Nigerian

history

ASSIGNMENT

DRAW THE MAP OF NIGERIA

: