CAD REVIWER MIDTERMS -Wireframe model

CAD HISTORY -skeletal description of a 3D object.

-Initial stage – CAD used only for 2D drawing -no surfaces in a wireframe model; it consists
(orthographic and isometric) only of points, lines, and curves that describe
the edges of the object.
- 3D wireframe drawing
- Some 3D wireframe objects are also
-specifying each edge of the physical object
provided, such as 3D polylines and splines.
where two mathematically continuous smooth
surfaces meet -can be the most time-consuming (each
object that makes up a wireframe model must
-connecting an object’s constituent vertices
be independently drawn and positioned)
using straight line or curves
-Surface modeling
- Disadvantage: confusing
-more sophisticated than wireframe
modeling in that it defines not only the edges of
a 3D object, but also its surfaces.

-The surface modeler defines faceted

-Surface modeling surfaces using a polygonal mesh.

-visualization of the underlying design -Solid modeling

structure
-easiest type of 3D modeling to use.
-Advantages - a more realistic view
-creating basic 3D shapes: boxes, cones,
-Disadvantages - powerful computer needed cylinders, spheres, wedges, and donuts.

- cannot do engineering analysis because no -combine these shapes to create more

mass-created complex solids by joining or subtracting them or
finding their intersecting (overlapping) volume.
-Solid modeling
-sweeping a 2D object along a path or
-Solid Modeling is developed to create an revolving it about an axis.
engineering drawing and also to produce
advanced engineering analysis (FEA) AUTOCAD INTERFACE

-Disadvantages - any mistake can cause -Graphics window

modeling work had to be redone
-That part of the screen where the user
-Recently, new advanced modeling is develops makes a design.
based on parametric modeling and features
-Crosshair- appears when AUTOCAD prompts
based modeling to make modeling work easier.
the user to select a point. A small pick box -
appears when AUTOCAD requires the user to
select an object.
-Status Bar COORDINATE SYSTEM

-Displays the cursor coordinate. It also shows -Coordinates (both can be absolute and relative)
the important information on the status of
-Cartesian – The position of a point can be
various modes.
described by its distance from two axes, X and Y.
-Title Bar
-Polar - one radial distance and one angle to
-Located at the topmost part of the screen describe the position of a point rather than the
where the current drawing file name is two distances in the Cartesian system.
displayed.
----SNAPPING, CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS--------
-Toolbars
ENHANCING ACCURACY
-Icons that represent various commands.
-limit – size of the drawing area
Tooltip - if the pointer is positioned over a
Grid – unit count; reference for the user on the
toolbar button for a while, the name of the tool
distance of one point to the other
is displayed.
-snap – grid magnet; move apertureexactly
-Docked toolbar - refers to toolbars
according to the set distance
attached to any edge of the graphics window.
- units
-Floating toolbar - refers to toolbars lying
anywhere on the screen and can be resized. - scale – types of drawing space (model space,
where cad takes place. Paper space, final
-Pull-down Menus
printing ver of the drawing)
-Part of the screen where a list of
- ortho – straight line only
commands and options are available.
- osnap - object snap (endpoint, midpoint,
-Command Window
center, etc.)
-Displays the commands.

-Single command line - displays the

command the user is presently invoking.

-Command history area - shows what has

transpired in the current drawing session.
----------------CAD DRAWING---------------------------- -visibility

DRAWING OBJ -unlock & lock

-Line (l) -changing color layer

-construction line or xline (xl) – infinite length -linetype

which passes through two picked points (one
MODIFYING COMMANDS
only if hor or ver)
-erase
-Polyline (pline or pl) – grouped lines (straight
lines or arc segments)

- polygon (pol) - 3-1024 sides (inscribed or

circumscribed)

-Copy (co or cp) – select objects, select

displacement

-Mirror(mi) – useful for creating symmetrical

objects

-mirror line (ver, hor, paling)

-rectangle (rec, rectang) – defined by picking -Offset (o) – creates a new object whose shape
two corners parallel to orconcentric with a selected object
-Chamfer (cut corners, specify c1 and c2) - specify distance
-Fillet (smoothen corners, specify radius)

-circle (c)

-3P – 3 point

-2P – 2 point - Move (m) – like copy but does not dupli
-ttr- tangent tangent radius - Rotate (ro) – select base point
- Scale (sc) – scale factor is multiplier (2 is 2x,
-arc (a) - p1(start), p2(mid), p3(end) 1 is 1x, 0.5 is 0,5x)
- Stretch (s)
-ellipse (el) – (end to end, or mid to end)
- Trim (tr) – erase but not entirely (need
LAYER COMMAND OPTIONS cutting edge) (cutting edges can be lines,
xlines, polylines, circles, arcs, or ellipses)
-creating

-selecting

-showing

-deleting
- 1. In the Array dialog box, select Rectangular
Array.

2. Click Select Objects. (The Array dialog box

closes. You are promptedfor object selection.)

3. Select the objects to be arrayed and press

ENTER.
- Extend (ex) – shortens or lengthens a line, 4. In the Rows and Columns boxes, enter the
polyline, or arc to meet the edges of number of rows andcolumns in the array.
boundary edge
- 5. Specify the horizontal and vertical spacing
(offsets) between objects byusing one of the
following methods:
-chamfer (cha) – anything with corners • In the Row Offset and Column Offset boxes,
enter the distancebetween rows and between
columns. Adding a plus sign (+) or aminus sign
(-) determines direction.

• Click the Pick Both Offsets button to use the

- Fillet(f)-anything with corners pointing device tospecify the diagonal corners
of a cell in the array. The celldetermines the
vertical and horizontal spacing of the rows
andcolumns.

. Click the Pick Row Offset or Pick Column

Offset button to use thepointing device to
specify the horizontal and vertical spacing.
-array (ar)
6. To change the rotation angle of the array,
enter the new angle next to the Angle of Array.

7. Click on the Preview button. (The dialogue

box disappears and thespecified array is
temporarily drawn so that we can preview it)

8. There are now offered 3 choices. If the array

isn't quite right, click theModify button to
return to the Array dialogue box. If you are
happy withthe array, click the Accept button,
the array will be permanently drawnand the
command is ended.

FOR POLAR ARRAY:

FOR RECTANGULAR ARRAY:
1. In the Array dialog box, select Polar Array. box. If youare happy with the array, click the
Accept button, the array will bepermanently
2. Click Select Objects. (The Array dialog box
drawn and the command is ended.
closes and you areprompted for object
selection.) -fill – on or off

3. Select the objects to be arrayed and press -Donut (do) – inside diameter, outside diameter
ENTER.
-solid (so)…
4. Next to Center Point, do one of the following:

• Enter an X value and a Y value for the center

point of the polararray.

• Click the Pick Center Point button. The Array

dialog box closes andyou are prompted for
object selection. Use the pointing device
tospecify the center point of the polar array.

5. In the Method box, select one of the

following methods:

• Total Number of Items & Angle to Fill

• Total Number of Items & Angle Between

Items

• Angle to Fill & Angle Between Items

6. Enter the number of items (including the

original object), if available.

7. Use one of the following methods:

.Enter the angle to fill and the angle between

items, if available. Angleto Fill specifies the
distance to fill around the circumference of
thearray. Angle between Items specifies the
distance between eachitem.

.Click the Pick Angle to Fill button and the Pick

Angle BetweenItems button. Use the pointing
device to specify the angle to fill andthe angle
between items.

8. Make sure that the Rotate items as copied

checkbox is checked.

9. Click on the Preview button to preview the Point(po) …

result. If the array isn't quite right, click the
Modify button to return to the Array dialogue
Lengthen (len) - Changes the length of objects
and the included angle of arcs. You can specify
changes as a percentage, an increment, or as a
final length or angle. LENGTHEN is an
alternative to using TRIM or EXTEND.

-delta(de) – actual sa grid (plus value)

-percent(p) -relative to 100% (orig)

-total(t) – actual value (hindi increment)

-dynamic(dy)- drag

Chprop(chprop) – change property

-matchprop(matchprop) – matchproperty

-need source & destination

-Spline (spl) – parang French curve (continuous

curve)

-text (text)

-mtext(mt or t) – mas flexible / editable