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Control Systems - Class-8-18-08-2021

This document discusses block diagram reduction techniques for control systems with multiple subsystems. It introduces block diagram algebra rules that can be used to reduce complicated systems represented by multiple interconnected subsystems into a single transfer function from input to output. The rules cover combining blocks in series and parallel, moving pickoff points, summing points, and branches. An example problem demonstrates applying the rules to reduce a block diagram into a single transfer function.

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18 views15 pages

Control Systems - Class-8-18-08-2021

This document discusses block diagram reduction techniques for control systems with multiple subsystems. It introduces block diagram algebra rules that can be used to reduce complicated systems represented by multiple interconnected subsystems into a single transfer function from input to output. The rules cover combining blocks in series and parallel, moving pickoff points, summing points, and branches. An example problem demonstrates applying the rules to reduce a block diagram into a single transfer function.

Uploaded by

collegeworkp
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Control Systems

EEE3001| Fall semester 2021-2022


V.Lavanya/SELECT/ VIT Chennai
Reduction of Multiple
Subsystems
• Reduction of block diagram of multiple subsystems – single block
– representing the transfer function from the input to the output of
the system.
• Block diagrams –signal flow graphs (SFG) conversion
• Transfer function of the system from SFG using Masons’ gain
formula.

EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 2


Reduction techniques
• Complicated systems –represented by multiple subsystems.
• To represent the multiple subsystems as a single transfer function –reduction
techniques are required.
• Multiple subsystems are represented as block diagrams or signal flow graphs
• BDR – used for frequency domain analysis
• SFG – used for state –space analysis
EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 3
Block diagram reduction

• Subsystem – block with an input, an output and a transfer


function
• Block diagram algebra will be used to reduce block diagrams
• When multiple subsystems are interconnected, a few more
schematic elements are added to the block diagram.
1. Summing junctions 2. Pick off points
EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 4
Simple system
𝑅(𝑠) 𝐶(𝑠)
𝐺(𝑠)
System Complicated system

R(s) 𝐺1 (𝑠) 𝐺2 (𝑠) 𝐺3 (𝑠) C(s)

𝐻1 (𝑠)

𝐻2 (𝑠)

𝐻3 (𝑠)

EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 5


Block diagram reduction rules
Rule 1: Combining blocks in cascade / series

𝑹 𝑮𝟏 𝑮𝟐 𝑹 𝑮𝟏 𝑮𝟐 𝑹𝑮𝟏 𝑮𝟐

Rule 2: Combining blocks in parallel


𝑹 𝑮1 +
𝑹 𝑮1 + 𝑮𝟐 𝑹(𝑮1 + 𝑮𝟐 )
+

𝑮𝟐
EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 6
Rule 3 : Moving the pick point ahead of the block
𝑹𝑮𝟏 𝑹𝑮𝟏
𝑹 𝑮𝟏 𝑹 𝑮𝟏
𝟏
𝑹 𝑮𝟏 𝑹
𝑹𝑮𝟏

Rule 4 : Moving the branch point before the block


𝑹
𝑹 𝑮𝟏 𝑹𝑮𝟏 𝑮𝟏 𝑹𝑮𝟏

𝑹𝑮𝟏 𝑮𝟏 𝑹𝑮𝟏
EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 7
Rule 5 : Moving summing point ahead of the block
𝑹𝟏 𝑮𝟏
𝑹𝟏 𝑮𝟏 (𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐 ) 𝑹𝟏 𝑮𝟏 +
+ 𝑮𝟏 +
+ (𝑹 +𝑹 ) (𝑹𝟏 𝑮𝟏
𝟏 𝟐
𝑹𝟐 𝑮𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐 𝑮𝟏 )
𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟐 𝑮𝟏

Rule 6 : Moving summing point before the block


(𝑹𝟏 𝑮𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐 ) (𝑹𝟏 𝑮𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐 )
𝑹𝟏
𝑹𝟏 𝑮𝟏 + + 𝑮𝟏
+ +

𝑹𝟐 𝟏
𝑹𝟐
𝑮𝟏
EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 8
Rule 7: Interchanging the summing point
(𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟐 ) (𝑹𝟏 −𝑹𝟑 )
𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐 − 𝑹𝟑
+ + 𝑹𝟏 + +
+ − − +
𝑹𝟏 − 𝑹𝟑 + 𝑹𝟐
𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑
𝑹𝟑 𝑹𝟐

EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 9


Rule 8 : Removing the feedback loop
𝑪
𝑹 𝑮𝟏
𝑹 + 𝑪
− 𝑮𝟏 𝟏 + 𝑮𝟏 𝑯𝟏

𝑯𝟏

𝑹 + 𝑪 𝑪
+ 𝑮𝟏 𝑹 𝑮𝟏
𝟏 − 𝑮𝟏 𝑯𝟏
𝑯𝟏

EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 10


Q1.Reduce the block diagram shown in Figure to a single
transfer function.
R(s) 𝐺1 (𝑠) +_ + +_ 𝐺2 (𝑠) 𝐺3 (𝑠) C(s)
+

𝐻1 (𝑠)

𝐻2 (𝑠)

𝐻3 (𝑠)

EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 11


R(s) 𝐺1 (𝑠) + 𝐺2 (𝑠) 𝐺3 (𝑠) C(s)
_ _
+
𝐻1 (𝑠)

𝐻2 (𝑠)

𝐻3 (𝑠)

EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 12


R(s) 𝐺1 (𝑠) +_ 𝐺2 (𝑠)𝐺3 (𝑠) C(s)

𝐻1 𝑠 − 𝐻2 𝑠 + 𝐻3 𝑠

𝐺2 (𝑠)𝐺3 (𝑠)
R(s) 𝐺1 (𝑠) C(s)
1 + 𝐺2 𝑠 𝐺3 𝑠 [𝐻1 𝑠 − 𝐻2 𝑠 + 𝐻3 𝑠 ]

EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 13


𝐺1 𝑠 𝐺2 (𝑠) 𝐺3 (𝑠)
R(s) C(s)
1 + 𝐺2 𝑠 𝐺3 𝑠 [𝐻1 𝑠 − 𝐻2 𝑠 + 𝐻3 𝑠 ]

The transfer function is given by


𝐶(𝑠) 𝐺1 𝑠 𝐺2 (𝑠) 𝐺3 (𝑠)
=
𝑅 𝑠 1 + 𝐺2 𝑠 𝐺3 𝑠 [𝐻1 𝑠 − 𝐻2 𝑠 + 𝐻3 𝑠 ]

EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 14


Thank you !

Source: Control systems Engineering, 7 e by Norman S. Nise

EEE3001- Control Systems 18-Aug-21 15

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