Homma Munehisa

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In this Japanese name, the family name is "Honma".

Munehisa Homma (本間 宗久 Honma Munehisa?) (also known as Sokyu Homma, Sokyu
Honma) (1724-1803), was a rice merchant from Sakata[disambiguation needed], Japan who traded in
the Ojima Rice market in Osaka during the Tokugawa Shogunate. He is often considered to
be the father of the Candlestick chart and his trading success reputedly led to him becoming
an honorary Samurai.[citation needed]

Until about 1710, only physical rice was traded but then a futures market emerged where
coupons, promising delivery of rice at a future time, began to be issued. From this, a
secondary market of coupon trading emerged in which Munehisa flourished. Stories claim
that he established a personal network of men about every 6 km between Sakata and Osaka (a
distance of some 600 km) to communicate market prices. [1]

In 1755, he wrote (三猿金泉秘録, San-en Kinsen Hiroku, The fountain of Gold - The Three
Monkey Record of Money), the first book on market psychology. In this, he claims that the
psychological aspect of the market is critical to trading success and that traders' emotions
have a significant influence on rice prices. He notes that this can be used to position oneself
against the market when all are bearish, there is cause for prices to rise[2] (and vice versa).

He describes the rotation of Yang (a bull market), and Yin (a bear market) and claims that
within each type of market is an instance of the other type. He appears to have used weather
and market volume as well as price in adopting trading positions. He is considered the most
successful market trader in history, generating over $100bn in profits at today's prices, some
years earning over $10bn a year[dubious – discuss].

Some sources claim he authored two other books (酒田戦術詳解, Sakata Senjyutsu Syokai, A
Full Commentary on the Sakata Strategy) and (本間宗久相場三昧伝, Homma Sokyu Soba
Zanmai Den, Honma Sokyu --- Tales of a Life Immersed in the Market)

[edit] References
1. ^ Candlestick Charting Explained: Timeless Techniques for Trading Stocks and
Futures, Gregory L. Morris, McGraw-Hill, 2006, ISBN 007146154X /
9780071461542
2. ^ Beyond Candlesticks: New Japanese Charting Techniques Revealed, Steve Nison ,
Wiley Finance, 1994, ISBN 047100720X, p14.

[edit] See also

 Candlestick chart
ORIGIN OF FUTURES MARKET
12:29 AM Posted In MISC POSTS Edit This 1 Comment »

Japanese were the first to use technical analysis to trade one of the
world's first futures markets-rice futures. The Japanese started trading
in this market in the 1600s. Interestingly, the birth of the Japanese rice
futures market was a consequence of the country's military history.
After a century of internal warfare among the daimyo (Japanese feudal
lords), General Tokugawa Ieyasu, who ruled from Edo (the ancient
name of Tokyo), won the famous battle at Sekigahara in 1600. This was
the battle that helped unify Japan. Tokugawa thereafter became Shogun
of all Japan. After his victory over the Daimyo, General Tokugawa cleverly
required that all the feudal lords live in Edo with their families. When
the lords returned to their respective provinces, the entire family stayed
at Edo as hostage. The feudal lord's main source of income was rice that
was collected as tax from the peasants who worked their land. Since this
rice could not be transported from the daimyo's provinces all the way to
Edo, they set up warehouses in the port city of Osaka to store their rice.
Because all these powerful daimyo lived so close to each other in Edo,
they attempted to outdo one another in lavish dress, mansions, and other
luxuries. This was reflected by a popular saying at the time, "The Edoite
will not keep his earnings overnight." This showed that the daimyo in
Edo were seen as spendthrifts with an expensive lifestyle. To maintain
this lifestyle, the daimyo sold rice from their warehouse in Osaka; sometimes
they even sold rice from future harvests.
The warehouse would issue receipts for this future rice. These were called empty rice
contracts ("empty rice" since the rice was not in anyone's physical possession) and they were
sold in the secondary market. This was the beginning of one of the world's first futures
market.
Trading in rice futures engendered much speculation, and it was from
this speculation that Japanese technical analysis was born. The most famous
trader in the rice futures market was Homma. Homma traded in
the rice futures markets in the 1700s. He discovered that although there
was a link between the supply and demand of rice, the markets were
also strongly influenced by the emotions of the traders. Because of this,
there were times when the market perceived a harvest as different from
the actual. He reasoned that studying the emotions of the market could
help in predicting prices. In other words, he understood that there was
a difference between the value and the price of rice. This difference between
price and value is as valid today with stocks, bonds, and currencies,
as it was with rice, centuries ago.
In the book, The Fountain of GoId-The Three Monkey Record of Money,
purportedly written by Homma, the author states: " After 60 years of
working day and night I have gradually acquired a deep understanding of the movements of
the rice market."The book goes on to say that when we are all bearish,there is cause for prices
to rise.When everyone is bullish there is cause for the price to fall." This phrase echoes what
is now called contrarian opinion, a tool important to so many traders. yet,The Fountain of
Gold-The Three Monkey Record of Money, was written in 1755.It is amazing that before
America was a nation, the Japanese are trading with contrarian opinion! comparing successful
trading to being like the three monkeys we all knew as children-see, hear, and speak no evil.

Characteristics of the 3 monkeys

1. "See no evil"- when you see a bullish (bearish) trend, do not get caught up in it. consider
it an opportunity to sell (buy).
2. "Hear no evil"- when vou hear bullish or bearish news, don't trade.
3. "Speak no evil"- don't speak to others about what you are going to do in the market.