LIQUID MILK PROCESSING

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 INTRODUCTION

✓ Milk, liquid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals to

nourish their young for a period beginning immediately after birth.

✓ Milk is a nutritious choice as it provides nine essential nutrients our

body needs.

✓ Milk contains essential nutrients like high-quality protein, calcium,

vitamin D and more. These nutrients help our bodies function
properly.

✓ Several variants of market milk is available and in different types of

package (pouch, glass bottle, PET, HDPE container, aseptic pack)
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Structure of Indian Dairy Sector
 INTRODUCTION

As per FSSAI, “Milk is a whole, fresh, clean lacteal

secretion obtained by complete milking of one or more
healthy milch animals excluding that obtained within 15
days before calving or 5 days after calving. Market milk
must possess the pre-determined percentage of milk fat
and SNF (Solid Not Fat).”

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Flow Chart of Dairy Processing Activities
 MILK PRODUCTS
Rasogolla Kheer
Burfi Peda Gulabjamun Kalakand DharwadPeda Kunda
Khurchan

Sandesh Payasam

Kulfi Rabri Basund Khoa

Pantua i Pal Payasam
Heat
Desiccated
Products

Rasomalai Phirni
Acid-heat Milk-based
Paneer Coagulated Puddings/
Products Desserts
Ghevar
Cham Cham MILK
Sevian

Chhana Chhana
Murki Fat-Rich Cultured Sohan
Products Products
Halwa

Rajbhog Dahi Chakka

Gajar-Ka-
a Halwa

Channa
Podo Cashew
Burfi

Ghee Makkhan Malai Dahi Mishti Lassi Chhach/ Shrikhand Shrikhand

Doi
Mattha Wadi
 NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MILK
Nutritional Factor Description Energy Value

Protein Milk protein is casein, a high-quality 4.1 kCal/g

protein. All essential amino acids are
present in Milk.
Minerals Milk contains phosphorus and calcium. -

Vitamins Milk contains vitamins A, D, thiamine, and -

riboflavin.
Fat Milk fat is responsible of good flavor and 9.3 kCal/g
physical properties. The fat content in cow
milk is generally from 3.5 to 4.5 % -
Lactose Lactose is the sugar component of milk 4.1 kCal/g
and it supply energy.

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 Process Flowchart
Milk collection (can/tanker)

Quality check (Platform test)

Weighment

Filtration (duplex inline filter), Chilling of milk

Transfer of milk to Raw milk silos

Washing of cans and can lids

(Provided with can steaming block, dip saver, tipping bar etc.)
 Equipment Required
1. Can unloading assembly
2. Weighment tank
3. Filtration (duplex inline filter)
4. Chilling of milk (PHE)
5. Milk silos
6. Bulk coolers
7. Cream Separator
8. Pasteurizer unit
9. Homogenizer
10. Lab facilities for raw and processed milk
11. Pouch filling machine
12.CIP Station
Process Flowchart
Raw milk from silos to balance tank by milk transfer pump

Homogenizer

Pasteurizer

Processed Milk Silo

Packaging
 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) of Milk
Processing and Packaging

i) Raw Milk Reception: Raw Milk tankers/ cans is weighed either

in weighbridge or in weighing bowl, Batch wise sampling &
testing need to be done as per defined procedures.

ii) Filtration: The accepted milk is weighed and unloaded in the

Dump Tank and Pumped through a chiller after property filtering,
such milk is stored in the silos through the previously cleaned,
sterilized/ steamed pipe line, and silos act.
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 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) of Milk
Processing and Packaging

iii. Chilling: Filtered milk is chilled through a chiller ensuring the

temperature not more the temperature not more than 5 deg c.
chilled milk is stored in the silos through the previously cleaned,
sterilized/ steamed pipe line, silos etc.

iv. Pasteurization: Milk Pasteurization is done at the recommended

pasteurization temperature and holding time.

v. Milk Storage: The Standardized milk is then transferred to

horizontal milk storage tank. 12
 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) of Milk
Processing and Packaging

vi. Filling: Filling is carried out in sachets in filling machine as per

required quantities of 200 ml, 500ml and 1 liter. The Sachets or
bottles then stored in Crates.

vii. Cold Room: Crates are then brought cold room and stores at a
temperature of below 50C

viii. Dispatch: Milk is ten dispatched through refrigerated vans

marinating a temperature of below 50C 13
MILK PASTEURIZATION PROCESS (WITH CREAM
SEPARATION AND HOMOGENIZATION)

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 CREAM SEPARATION
Cream separation is mainly done

1. To recover fat from milk: Fat is used to prepare value added products such
as cream, butter, ghee etc.

2. To obtain a low fat or fat-free milk (Skim milk): Skim milk is used to prepare
skim milk powder, dairy whitener, condensed skim milk etc.

3. To standardize the fat content of milk.

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 CREAM SEPARATION

1. Gravity Method: In this method,

milk is hold undisturbed for some
time. Cream being lighter than
other compositions, comes up and
is taken out manually. This is not
a controlled method and hence
proper separation cannot be
ensured.

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 CREAM SEPARATION

2. Centrifugal Method: In this method, a

centrifugal agitation is given to the milk with
some agitator manually or a dedicated
machine called cream separator. Cream
separator is installed along with pasteurizer,
normally after regeneration section 1. The
percentage of cream to be separated from
the milk can set in the machine.

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 Homogenization
✓ Homogenization is the process of reducing the size of fat globules in milk.

✓ It prevents the formation of a cream layer and easy digestion.

✓ Homogenized milk has a uniform flavour throughout.

✓ It tastes richer, smoother and creamier than unhomogenized milk due to an

increase in the surface area of the fat globules which are uniformly
distributed in milk

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Packaging Machine (in bottles)

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 PACKAGING MACHINES
MILK POUCH PACKING MACHINE

✓ Automatic FFS (form fill and seal) machine.

✓ Filling Range: 200ml, 250ml, 500ml & 1ltr

✓ Filling System: Gravity filler

✓ Packing Material: LDPE film

width:324±2mm

✓ Filling Range: 200ml, 250ml, 500ml

✓ Pouch length: Mechanical adjustment

✓ All contact parts: Stainless Steel

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Packaging Machine (pouch)

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 PACKAGING MACHINES

AUTOMATIC MILK FILLING MACHINE

✓ Piston fillers are a great option for

packaging liquids.

✓ Filling Range: 500ml to 1 liter

✓ Filling Speed: 500 bottle per hour

or more

✓ All contact parts: Stainless Steel

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Packaging Machine (bottles)

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 PACKAGING MACHINES

ASEPTIC PACKAGING MACHINE

Tetra Brik® Aseptic is one of the

world's most efficient beverage

carriers. Using no unnecessary

material, weight, space or energy, its

rectangular package shape stacks

neatly on pallets, in transport

containers, on supermarket shelves and

at home.
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 PACKAGING MATERIAL FOR LIQUID MILK

• Paper and paper based products

• Glass

• Tin plate

• Aluminum foil

• Plastics

• Low polymers

• High polymers

• Laminates

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 QUALITY OF PROCESSED MILK

The quality of processed milk and the shelf-life depends on the following
factors:

a) raw milk quality,

b) processing conditions,

c) storage temperature,

d) oxygen pressure,

e) light, and

f) package configuration.
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 ADULTERANTS IN LIQUID MILK

Major adulterants used in milk having serious adverse health

effect are
1. urea, 7. benzoic acid,

2. formalin, 8. hydrogen peroxide,

3. detergents, 9. sugars and

4. ammonium sulphate, 10. melamine

5. boric acid,

6. caustic soda,
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 CONTACT DETAILS

National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management

Ministry of Food Processing Industries

Plot No.97, Sector-56, HSIIDC, Industrial Estate, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana-131028

Website: http://www.niftem.ac.in

Email: pmfmecell@niftem.ac.in

Call: 0130-2281089

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