Republic of the Philippines

North Eastern Mindanao State University

Formerly Surigao Del Sur State University (SDSSU)
Bislig Campus
Maharlika, Bislig City, Surigao Del Sur

NAME: ____________________________________ DEGREE PROGRAM: ________________

CLASS SCHEDULE: _________________________ DATE SUBMITTED: __________________

SUBJECT: Science, Technology and Society

TOPIC: Lesson 2 – Science, Technology and Nation-building

DIRECTIONS ON HOW TO USE THE MODULE PROPERLY:

In order to benefit profoundly from this module, please be guided by all the key points
presented below.
1. Read, comprehend and analyse the explanations thoroughly so that you could
understand the lesson fully.
2. On the first page of each lesson, you will find the specific learning outcomes (SLOs) of
each lesson. SLOs are knowledge and skills you are expected to acquire at the end of the lesson.
3. You must answer the Learning Activities/Exercises (LAEs). The LAEs are designed to
help you acquire the SLOs.
4. Feel free to chat, call, text or send an email message to me if you have
questions, reactions, or reflections about the contents or activities in the module.
Facebook: CRISTIAN URTOLA
Gmail: cristianurtola.nemsu@gmail.com
5. The Practice Task/Assessment and the Assignment shall be checked by your
subject instructor.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

 discuss the role of science and technology in Philippine nation-building;

 evaluate government policies pertaining to science and technology in terms of their
contributions to nation-building; and
 identify actual science and technology policies of the government and appraise their
impact on the development of the Filipino nation.

INSTRUCTOR: SIR CRISTIAN JOHN B. URTOLA, LPT

 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Formerly Surigao Del Sur State University (SDSSU)
Bislig Campus
Maharlika, Bislig City, Surigao Del Sur

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND NATION-BUILDING

Brief Historical Background of Science and Technology in the Philippines
 The early inhabitants of the archipelago had their own culture and traditions.
 Own belief system and indigenous knowledge
 Keeps them organized and sustained their lives and communities for many years.
Pre Spanish Philippines

SCIENCE
 planting crops that provide them food
 taking care of animals
 food production
 interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to predict seasons and climates
 medical uses of plants
TECHNOLOGY
 building houses
 irrigations
 developing tools
 creating musical instruments

INSTRUCTOR: SIR CRISTIAN JOHN B. URTOLA, LPT

 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Formerly Surigao Del Sur State University (SDSSU)
Bislig Campus
Maharlika, Bislig City, Surigao Del Sur

METAL AGE
 designs for gold and silver jewelry
 ceramics
 metal tools
 trading with other countries
All these ancient practices in science and technology are considered now as a
indigenous science or folk science.
SPANISH RULE
 established schools and introduced the concepts of subjects and disciplines
 learning of science in school focuses on understanding different concepts
related to the human body, plants, animals and bodies.
 technology focuses on using and developing house tools
Life during the Spanish Era slowly became modernized, adapting some Western
technology and their ways of life. The Filipinos developed ways to replicate the
technology brought by Spaniards using indigenous materials. Medicine and
advanced science were introduced in formal colleges and universities established by
Catholic orders.
GALLEON TRADE
 The galleon trade was supplied by merchants largely from port areas of Fujian
who traveled to Manila to sell the Spaniards spices, porcelain, ivory,
processed silk cloth and other valuablecommodities.
 From 1565 to 1815, the galleon trade contributed to the change of culture,
language and environment for both Philippines and Mexico.

INSTRUCTOR: SIR CRISTIAN JOHN B. URTOLA, LPT

 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Formerly Surigao Del Sur State University (SDSSU)
Bislig Campus
Maharlika, Bislig City, Surigao Del Sur

 The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly. Only two galleons were
used: One sailed from Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of
goods, spending 120 days at sea; the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco
with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90 days at sea.
 The country became one of the centers of global trade in SEA-
-One of the most developed places in the region.
 Superstitious beliefs and Catholic doctrines and practices halted the growth of
science in the country.
AMERICAN PERIOD
 Public education system
 Improved engineering works and health of the people
 Mineral resources were explored and exploited
 “Americanize” the Filipinos
o Reorganized the learning of science
o In basic education, science education focuses on the nature studies
and science and sanitation.
HEALTH AND SANITATION
o Filipinos learned the value of cleanliness, proper hygiene and health
practices
o Hospitals, clinics and health centers were established including public
hospitals
INFRASTRACTURE
o Americans built roads, streets, and bridges
o The new infrastructure helped make movement of products and services
more efficient
o Boulevards, zone district, and centers for leisure were also established

WORLD WAR II
 The country had a difficult time to rebuild itself from the ruins of the war.
 The human spirit to survive and to rebuild the country maybe strong but the
capacity of the country to bring back what was destroyed was limited.
 Institutions and public facilities were turned into ashes, houses were burned
and many lives were destroyed
NEW REPUBLIC
o Focusing on using its limited resources in improving S&T capability.
o Use of Overseas Development Allocation to improve scientific
productivity and technological capability.
o Human resource development
INSTRUCTOR: SIR CRISTIAN JOHN B. URTOLA, LPT
 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Formerly Surigao Del Sur State University (SDSSU)
Bislig Campus
Maharlika, Bislig City, Surigao Del Sur

Internal Influences
 Survival
 Culture
 Economic Activities

Development of
Science and
Technology in
the Philippines
External Influences
 Foreign Colonizers
 Trades with Foreign Countries
 International Economic
Demands

Science and technology may have significant impact on the lives of the people and in
the development of the Philippine society. However, improving the quality of science
education still remains as big challenge in the country. School science from basic education
to graduate education is improving slowly, and there are only few students enrolling in
science and technology course.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Padilla- Concepcion (2015) reported that in 2015, in response of the ASEAN 2015
Agenda, the government, particularly the Department of Science and Technology (DOST),
has sought the expertise of the National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) to
consult various sectors in the society to study how the Philippines can prepare itself in
meeting the ASEAN 2015 Goals. As a result of the consultation, the NRCP is expected to
recommend policies and programs that will improve the competitiveness of the Philippines
in the ASEAN Region.

INSTRUCTOR: SIR CRISTIAN JOHN B. URTOLA, LPT

 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Formerly Surigao Del Sur State University (SDSSU)
Bislig Campus
Maharlika, Bislig City, Surigao Del Sur

The NRCP clustered these policies into four, namely:

1. SOCIAL SCIENCES, HUMANITIES, EDUCATION, INTERNATIONAL POLICIES
AND GOVERNANCE
a. Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the
curriculum
b. Emphasizing teaching in the mother/native tongue
c. Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT broadband
d. Local food security

2. PHYSICS, ENGINEERING, and INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, EARTH and SPACE

SCIENCES, and MATHEMATICS
a. Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities
b. Outright grants for peer monitoring
c. Review of RA 9184 (Government Procurement Reform Act)
d. Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of
development

3. MEDICAL, CHEMICAL, and PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

a. Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with ASEAN-harmonized
standard by full implementation of the FDA
b. Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of
pharmaceutical services and care
c. Empowering of food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-based
research as pool of information
d. Allocating 2% of the GDP to research
e. Legislating a law supporting human genome projects

4. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, AGRICULTURE and FORESTRY

a. Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of existing
laws
b. Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries
c. Promoting indigenous knowledge system and indigenous people’s
conservation
d. Formulation of common food and safety standards

INSTRUCTOR: SIR CRISTIAN JOHN B. URTOLA, LPT

 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Formerly Surigao Del Sur State University (SDSSU)
Bislig Campus
Maharlika, Bislig City, Surigao Del Sur

Famous Filipino in the field of Science and their Contributions

Scientists greatly help in the economic development of a country. In the
Philippines, we have a number of renowned scientists and technologists whose exemplary
works and discoveries have contributed to the progress of different industries.

1. Ramon Cabanos Barba

Was named a National Scientist of the Philippines in 2014 for inventing
a way to induce flowering in mango trees regardless of season, boosting the local
mango industry.
2. Josefino Cacas Comiso
a. He is NASA’s Filipino physicist
b. He has studied many polar processes and was among the first
researchers to report dramatic changes in the Arctic Sea ice cover and
accelerated warming at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.
c. He is a recipient of the NASA Exceptional Achievement in Science Medal
(one of the most prestigious award given to a NASA scientist) and many
other awards.
3. Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.
a. Known internationally in the field of engineering and for outstanding
contributions to the field ofautomatic control in research, teaching, and
service.
4. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz
a. She was lauded for her research on Conus geographus, a marine snail
found in the Philippines.
b. Working alongside fellow experts, she studied the properties of the snail’s
venom, which were unknown at the time.
c. Their research paved the way toward finding practical uses for conotoxins,
leading to breakthroughs in neuroscience and medicine.
5. Fabian Millar Dayrit
a. Known for his phytochemical work for the development of lagundi as part
of the National Integrated Research Program on Medicinal Plants.
b. He has worked on other important natural products, including medicinal
plants, coconut oil, and carrageenan. He is currently focused on the
development of standardization and profiling methods for medicinal plants.
6. Rafael Dineros Guerrero
a. Was recognized because of his scientific and technical contributions to the
growth of Sex Reversal and Hatchery Techniques that help the
commercial fabrication of high yielding market-size tilapia in the
Philippines and other nations.

INSTRUCTOR: SIR CRISTIAN JOHN B. URTOLA, LPT

 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Formerly Surigao Del Sur State University (SDSSU)
Bislig Campus
Maharlika, Bislig City, Surigao Del Sur

7. Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.

a. He pioneered the use of meconium in the testing the mother’s abuse of
drugs during the course of pregnancy.
b. A Filipino medical doctor known for his researches in pediatrics.
8. Lilian Formalejo Patena
a. Develops tissue culture for garlic production. Discovered a breed of
calamansi and seedless pomelo and discovered micropropagation which
established the banana industry in the Philippines. She is also an inventor
of leaf-bud cutting in cassava.
9. Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz
a. Known locally and internationally as an expert in graph theory and
operations research, and her expertise is valued not only in the academe
but in different industries and sectors as well.
10. Gregory Ligot Tangonan
a. He has contributed to the development of integrated waveguide detectors,
Bragg modulators, waveguide couplers for WDM systems, and all-optical
networking techniques for analog and digital signals.

Science and Technology in the Philippines: Filipino Inventions and Discoveries 20th
Century Inventions and Discoveries

1. Fe del Mundo
a. She was an alumna of the University of the Philippines (UP) College of
Medicine. The first Asian to have entered the prestigious Harvard
University School of Medicine.
b. Invention: Incubator - is an apparatus used to maintain environmental
conditions suitable for newborn baby. It is used in pre-term births or for
some ill full-term babies.
2. Gregorio Y. Zara
a. He was the inventor of the first videophone. A native of Lipa, Batangas
and enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the
United States, and graduated with a degree of BS in Mechanical
Engineering in 1926.He is a renowned Filipino engineer and physicist.
b. Invention: Videophone - The two-way television telephone or videophone
in 1955patented as a "photo phone signal separator network
3. Agapito Flores
a. He is the inventor of the fluorescent lamp, which is the most widely used
source of lighting in the world today.
b. Invention: Fluorescent Lamp - reportedly got its name from Flores. The
fluorescent lamp, however, was not invented in a particular year. It was the

INSTRUCTOR: SIR CRISTIAN JOHN B. URTOLA, LPT

 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Formerly Surigao Del Sur State University (SDSSU)
Bislig Campus
Maharlika, Bislig City, Surigao Del Sur

product of 79 years of the development of the lighting method that began

with the invention of the electric light bulb by Thomas Edison.
4. Daniel Dingel
a. he started working on a water-powered car and prototype in 1969.
b. Invention: Water-powered car
c. His hydrogen reactor uses electricity from a 12-volt car battery to
transform ordinary tap water with salt into deuterium oxide or heavy water.
Dingel’s car has never been patented and commercialized because of
what he suspects as an anti-Dingel car conspiracy by multinational oil
companies.
5. Eduardo San Juan
a. he was the inventor of the Lunar Rover, or more popularly known as the
Moon Buggy. He was NASA’s engineer, San Juan reportedly used his
Filipino ingenuity to build a vehicle that would run outside the Earth
atmosphere.
b. Invention: Moon Buggy (Lunar Rover)
c. The Moon Buggy was the car used by Neil Armstrong and other
astronauts when they first explored the moon in 1969. He worked for Lock
heed Corporation and conceptualized the design of the Moon Buggy that
the Apollo astronauts used while in the moon. He constructed his model
using homemade materials.
6. Diosdado Banatao
a. he was known for introducing the first single-chip graphical user interface
accelerator that made computers work a lot faster and for helping develop
the Ethernet controller chip that made Internet possible.
b. Invention: GUI (Graphical User Interface)
c. In 1989, he pioneered the local bus concept for personal computers and in
the following year developed the First Windows accelerator chip. Intel is
now using the chips and technologies developed by Banatao.
7. Angel Chua Alcala
a. he was behind the invention of artificial coral reefs used for fisheries in
Southeast Asia.
b. Invention: Artificial Coral Reefs
c. An artificial reef is a manmade structure that may mimic some of the
characteristics of a natural reef. The goal of these artificial reefs is
generally to provide a stable growing area for corals, and habitat for fishes
and all the other organisms that you would find on a natural reef.
8. Julian Banzon
a. He experimented with the production of ethyl esters fuels from sugarcane
and coconut, and invented a means of extracting residual coconut and
invented a means of extracting residual coconut oil by a chemical process
rather than a physical process.
b. Invention: Alternative fuels 

INSTRUCTOR: SIR CRISTIAN JOHN B. URTOLA, LPT

 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Formerly Surigao Del Sur State University (SDSSU)
Bislig Campus
Maharlika, Bislig City, Surigao Del Sur

c. Banzon gained recognition for his notable researches on the Philippine

coconut and other indigenous materials as “renewable sources of
chemicals and fuels.”
9. Marc Loinaz
a. The inventor of the one-chip video camera, a Filipino resident of New
Jersey who works with Lucent Technologies.
b. Invention: One-chip video camera
c. The 1-chip camera uses a single computer chip to process the colors the
camera sees. Most videos fora Web site used with a 1-chipcamera mainly
because the video is compressed in one-chip camera so it transmits more
quickly.
10. Roberto del Rosario
a. a Filipino, claiming the right for the invention of the Sing-Along-
System(SAS) that eventually led to the development of Karaoke, a
Japanese term for "singing without accompaniment". He developed a sing
along system in 1975 andpatented it in the 1980.
b. Invention: Karaoke (1975)
c. Called his sing-along system "Minus-One", now holds the patent for the
device now commonly known as the "karaoke machine"

INSTRUCTOR: SIR CRISTIAN JOHN B. URTOLA, LPT