Lab

Experiments Experiment 1: Convert RGB

image to binary image

img =
imread('img/camrgb.jpeg');
gray = rgb2gray(img);
binary = gray;
[row,col]=size(binary);

for i =
1:row
for j =
1:col
intensity =
binary(i,j); if
intensity<=127
binary(i,j)=0;
elseif intensity>127 &&
intensity<256 binary(i,j)=255;
en
dif
end
for
endfor

figure;
subplot(2,2,1); imshow(img); title('Original Image');
subplot(2,2,2); imshow(gray); title('Gray Image');
subplot(2,2,3); imshow(binary); title('Binary Image');
Experiment 2: Histogram Equalization

img =
imread('img/camrgb.jpeg');
grayimg = rgb2gray(img)
his =
histeq(grayimg);
figure;
subplot(2,2,1);imshow(grayimg);title('Original Gray Image');
subplot(2,2,2);imhist(grayimg);title('Original Histogram');
subplot(2,2,3);imshow(his);title('Equalized Image');
subplot(2,2,4);imhist(his);title('Equalized Histogram');
Experiment 3: RGB to Binary Transformation using Threshold

img =
imread('img/camrgb.jpeg');
thval = graythresh(img);
thimg =
im2bw(img,thval);
figure;
subplot(1,2,1); imshow(img); title('Original Image');
subplot(1,2,2); imshow(thimg); title('Threshold Image');
Experiment 4: RGB to negative image transformation

ori_img = imread('img/camrgb.jpeg');
L = 256;
neg_img = (L-1)-
ori_img; figure;
subplot(1,2,1); imshow(ori_img);title('Original Image');
subplot(1,2,2); imshow(neg_img);title('Negative Image');
Experiment 5: Log Transformation

ori_img =
imread('img/cam.jpg');
double_img =
im2double(ori_img); new_img =
double_img;
[row, col] =
size(ori_img); c = 3;
for
i=1:ro
wfor
j=1:col
new_img(i,j) =
c*log(1+double_img(i,j)); endfor
endfor

figure;
subplot(1,2,1); imshow(ori_img); title('Original Image');
subplot(1,2,2); imshow(new_img); title('Log Transform Image');
Experiment 6: Gamma Transformation

ori_img =
imread('img/cam.jpg');
double_img =
im2double(ori_img); new_img =
double_img;
[row, col] =
size(ori_img); gamma =
5;
for
i=1:row
for
j=1:col
new_img(i,j) =
c*double_img(i,j)^gamma; endfor
endfor

figure;
subplot(1,2,1); imshow(ori_img); title('Original Image');
subplot(1,2,2); imshow(new_img); title('Gamma Transform
Image');
 Experiment 7: Contrast Stretching
ori_img = imread('img/cam.jpeg');
new_img = ori_img;

s1 = 20;
s2 = 150;
r1 = 100;
r2 = 150;
L = 256;
alfa = s1/r1;
beta = (s2-s1)/(r2-r1);
gamma = ((L-1)-s2)/((L-1)-r2);

[x,y,z] = size(new_img);

for i=1:x

for j=1:y

for k=1:z
if new_img(i,j,k)<=r1
r = new_img(i,j,k);
new_img(i,j,k) = alfa*r;
elseif new_img(i,j,k)>r1 && new_img(i,j,k)<=r2 r =
new_img(i,j,k);
new_img(i,j,k) = (beta*(r-r1))+s1;
else
r = new_img(i,j,k);
new_img(i,j,k) = (gamma*(r-r2)+s2);
endif
end
for
endfor
endfor

figure;
subplot(1,2,1); imshow(ori_img); title('Original Image');
subplot(1,2,2); imshow(new_img); title('Enhanced Image');
Experiment 8: Gray Level
Slicingori_img =
imread('img/cam.jpg'); img =
ori_img;
L = 256;
r1 = 10;
r2 = 50;

[row,col] = size(ori_img);
subplot(2,2,1); imshow(ori_img); title('Original Image');
subplot(2,2,3); imshow(ori_img); title('Original Image');
% Slicing Without
Backgroundfor i=1:row
for j=1:col
if ori_img(i,j) >= r1 && ori_img(i,j)<=r2
ori_img(i,j) =
(L-1); else
ori_img(i,j)
= 0;endif
end
for
endf
or
subplot(2,2,2); imshow(ori_img); title('Enhanced Image without Background');
% Slicing With
Backgroundfor i=1:row
for j=1:col
if img(i,j) >= r1 &&
img(i,j)<=r2 img(i,j) = (L-1);
else
img(i,j) =
img(i,j); endif
end
for
endf
or
subplot(2,2,4); imshow(img); title('Enhanced Image With Background');
Experiment 9: Bit Plane Slicing
% Take gray image or change rgb to gray first if image is in rgb

img = imread('img/cam.jpeg');
gray_img = rgb2gray(img);
double_img =
double(gray_img); first_plane =
bitget(double_img,1);
subplot(2,4,1); imshow(first_plane); title('LSB Plane');
second_plane = bitget(double_img,2);
subplot(2,4,2); imshow(second_plane); title('2nd Plane');
third_plane = bitget(double_img,3);
subplot(2,4,3); imshow(third_plane); title('3rd Plane');
fourth_plane = bitget(double_img,4);
subplot(2,4,4); imshow(fourth_plane); title('4th Plane');
fifth_plane = bitget(double_img,5);
subplot(2,4,5); imshow(fifth_plane); title('5th
Plane'); sixth_plane = bitget(double_img,6);
subplot(2,4,6); imshow(fifth_plane); title('6th Plane');
seventh_plane = bitget(double_img,7);
subplot(2,4,7); imshow(seventh_plane); title('7th Plane');
eighth_plane = bitget(double_img,8);
subplot(2,4,8); imshow(eighth_plane); title('MSB Plane');
Experiment 10: Minimum Filter or Salt Noise

Filter ori_img = imread('img\salt.jpg');

noisy_img = ori_img;
x = rand(size(noisy_img));
noisy_img(x(:)>0.95)=255; %adding salt
noiseminf = @(x)min(x(:));
filtered_img = nlfilter(noisy_img,[3,3],minf);

subplot(1,3,1);imshow(ori_img); title('Original Image');

subplot(1,3,2);imshow(noisy_img); title('Image with salt noise');
subplot(1,3,3);imshow(filtered_img); title('Filtered Image');
Experiment 11: Maximum filter or Paper Noise

Filter ori_img = imread('img\paper.jpg');

noisy_img = ori_img;
x = rand(size(noisy_img));
noisy_img(x(:)>0.95)=1; %adding pepper
noisemaxf = @(x)max(x(:));
filtered_img = nlfilter(noisy_img,[3,3],maxf);

subplot(1,3,1);imshow(ori_img); title('Original Image');

subplot(1,3,2);imshow(noisy_img); title('Image with pepper noise');
subplot(1,3,3);imshow(filtered_img); title('Filtered Image');
Experiment 12: Median Filter or Salt and Paper noise filter

ori_img = imread('img\cam.jpg');
noisy_img = imnoise(ori_img,'salt & pepper', 0.05); %adding salt and pepper
noisemedf = @(x)median(x(:));
filtered_img = nlfilter(noisy_img,[3,3],medf);

subplot(1,3,1); imshow(ori_img); title('Original Image');

subplot(1,3,2); imshow(noisy_img); title('Noisy Image');
subplot(1,3,3); imshow(filtered_img); title('Filtered
Image');
Experiment 13: Average or Mean Filtering to smoothing the

imageori_img = imread('img/saltnoise.jpg');
mask1 = (1/9)*[1,1,1;1,1,1;1,1,1];
mask2 = (1/25)*[1,1,1,1,1;1,1,1,1,1;1,1,1,1,1;1,1,1,1,1;1,1,1,1,1];
filtered_img1 =
imfilter(ori_img,mask1);
filtered_img2 =
imfilter(ori_img,mask2);

subplot(1,3,1); imshow(ori_img); title('Original Image');

subplot(1,3,2); imshow(filtered_img1);title('3x3 filtered Image');
subplot(1,3,3); imshow(filtered_img2);title('5x5 filtered Image');
Experiment 14: Weighted average filter to smoothing the image

ori_img = imread('img/lena.png');
mask = (1/16)*[1,2,1;2,4,2;1,2,1];
filtered_img = imfilter(ori_img,mask);

subplot(1,2,1); imshow(ori_img); title('Original Image');

subplot(1,2,2); imshow(filtered_img); title('Filtered
Image');
Experiment 15: Laplacian filter to edge

detection ori_img = imread('img/cam.jpg');

mask = [-1,-1,-1;-1,8,-1;-1,-1,-1];
filtered_img = imfilter(ori_img,mask);

subplot(1,2,1); imshow(ori_img); title('Original Image');

subplot(1,2,2); imshow(filtered_img); title('Filtered
Image');
Experiment 16: High-Boost Filter to sharping the image

ori_img = imread('img\cam.jpg');
a = 2;
mask = [-1,-1,-1; -1,a+8,-1; -1,-1,-1];
filtered_img = imfilter(ori_img,mask);

subplot(1,2,1); imshow(ori_img); title('Original Image');

subplot(1,2,2); imshow(filtered_img); title('Filtered
Image');
Experiment 17: Interpolation or Resizing

ori_img = imread('img\lady.png');
resized_img1 = imresize(ori_img,[512,312],'nearest');
resized_img2 = imresize(ori_img,[512,253],'bilinear');

subplot(1,3,1); imshow(ori_img); title('Original Image');

subplot(1,3,2); imshow(resized_img1); title('Nearest Interpolation');
subplot(1,3,3); imshow(resized_img2); title('Bilinear
Interpolation');