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Addressing The Network Subnetting Lecture

The document discusses subnetting basics, including determining network and host portions from prefixes, identifying network addresses, broadcast addresses, and host address ranges for subnets. It provides examples of how to calculate this information for subnets using CIDR notation and borrowing bits from the host portion. The key aspects of subnetting covered are how to determine the number of subnets and hosts per subnet needed, how to calculate valid subnet addresses and broadcast addresses, and how to identify valid host addresses within subnets.

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35 views

Addressing The Network Subnetting Lecture

The document discusses subnetting basics, including determining network and host portions from prefixes, identifying network addresses, broadcast addresses, and host address ranges for subnets. It provides examples of how to calculate this information for subnets using CIDR notation and borrowing bits from the host portion. The key aspects of subnetting covered are how to determine the number of subnets and hosts per subnet needed, how to calculate valid subnet addresses and broadcast addresses, and how to identify valid host addresses within subnets.

Uploaded by

brightmore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 18

Subnetting Basics

CCNA1v4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved. 1


Objectives

▪ Be able to perform basic subnetting in the shortest


possible time
▪ Identify Network addresses, Host Address Ranges,
Broadcast Addresses
▪ Subnetting a Subnet ( VLSM) : Basics
▪ Troubleshoot Addressing Problems in a network

CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 2


Classify and Define IPv4
Addresses

▪ 3 types of addresses determined by HOST value

Range of addresses between Network & Broadcast address


CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 e.g. 10.0.0.1 – 10.0.0.254
© 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 3
Determining the NW & Host
portions

▪ Indicated by the prefix or subnet mask (more later)


▪ E.g. network with prefix of /24 means
-24 bits used for NW portion
-8 bits used for Host portion (32 – 24)

- For a network with a prefix of /25


-How many bits are used for the NW portion?
-How many bits are used for the Host portion?

CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 4


Using all this now to work out the
addresses for a given network

▪ For the address 172.16.20.0 with prefix /26


-What is the NW address?
-What is the Broadcast address?
-What is the range of Host addresses?

- Let’s work through this example …

CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 5


Using all this now to work out the
addresses for a given network

▪ Now your turn…

▪ For the address 172.16.4.32 with prefix /28


-What is the NW address? 172.16.4.32
-What is the Broadcast address? 172.16.4.47
-What is the range of Host addresses? 172.16.4.33-46

CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 6


Challenge with IPv4 address

▪ I have 2 departments in my organization


-Each has about 125 hosts
-I would like to keep them in separate NWs
-I have been assigned an IP network address space of
192.168.1.0 /24
-This is one NW, and I need 2
-I cannot change the IP address NW portion
-But I can change the host portion

▪ Solution = Subnetting (dividing network into separate


networks)
- Borrowing bits from the Host portion
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 7
Subnetting

▪ 192.168.1.0 /24
-24 bit is NW portion
-8 bits is Host portion
-I can borrow from the Host portion

▪ How many bits?


-2n ≥ # of subnets required
-n = # of bits to borrow

▪ So for our example we need to borrow:


-2n ≥ 2
-Therefore n=1 (we need to borrow 1 bit)

CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 8


Subnetting

▪ The borrowed bits become part of my subnet mask/prefix (we


borrowed 1 bit)
▪ Before subnetting /24 (255.255.255.0)
▪ After subnetting /25 (255.255.255.128)
-25 bit is NW portion & 7 bits is Host portion
▪ How many hosts can I have per subnet?
-2m – 2
-m = # of bits in the Host portion
▪ So for our example:
-2m – 2
-m =7
-Therefore we can have 126 hosts (128 – 2)
-(We needed 125)
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 9
Subnetting

▪ Our previous network was 192.168.1.0 /24


▪ How does our new networks look like?
-192.168.1.00000000 /25 or 192.168.1.0 /25
-192.168.1.10000000 /25 or 192.168.1.128 /25

▪ And there special addresses?


- Network/subnet 192.168.1.0 /25
-Broadcast 192.168.1.01111111 or 192.168.1.127
-Host range 192.168.1.00000001 – 01111110 or .1 - .126

▪ So how about the other subnet – you calculate:


-Network/subnet 192.168.1.128 /25
-Broadcast 192.168.1.11111111 or 192.168.1.255
-Host range 192.168.1.10000001 – 11111110 or .129 - .254
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 10
Another Subnetting exercise

▪ You have 192.168.1.0 /24 and want 6 subnets


▪ Calculate
-6 subnets with prefix
-Broadcast address for each subnet
-Host range for each subnet

CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 11


More Examples

CCNA1v4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved. 12


Which Network Prefix will work
with the IP addressing Scheme
shown ..

CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 13


Which IPv4 Subnetted addresses
represent host addresses

▪ 192.168.4.127/26
▪ 192.168.4.155/26
▪ 192.168.4.193/26
▪ 192.168.4.95/27
▪ 192.168.4.159/27
▪ 192.168.4.207/27

CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 14


The Big Five Questions
▪ How many Subnets ?
2n = number of subnets , n = no. of bits borrow
▪ How many Hosts per Subnets?
2m -2 , m = no. of bits in the host portion
▪ What are the valid subnets ?
256 – subnet mask = Block size or increment number
▪ What is the broadcast address of each subnet ?
The number right before the next subnet
▪ What are the valid hosts ?
Valid hosts are the numbers between the subnets , ommiting all
0’s and all 1’s

CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 15


Calculate & Assign Addresses…

CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 16


Calculate Addresses for Host
Requirements…

CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 17


Questions?

CCNA1v4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved. 18

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