King’s College

Annual Examination 2007-2008

Pure Mathematics I
Secondary 6B, 6C Date: 12 – 6 – 2008
Class No.: _____________ Time: 8:30a.m. – 11:00a.m.
Name: _________________________ Time allowed: 2.5 hrs.

Answer ALL questions in this paper.

Section A (46 marks)
1. Let n be a positive integer.
k
(1 + x ) 2 n − 1
(a) Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of for k = 0, 1, 2, 3, …, 2n – 1.
x
(b) Using (a) or otherwise, find the value of
C 22 n + 2C 32 n + 3C 42 n +  + r C r2+n1 +  + (2n − 1)C 22nn .

(6 marks)
2. (a) Using A.M . ≥ G.M . , prove that for any positive real numbers x, y and z,
x+ y+z 3
≥
3 1 1 1.
+ +
x y z
(b) Using (a) or otherwise, prove that for any positive real numbers a, b and c,
a b c 3
+ + ≥ .
b+c c+a a+b 2
(6 marks)
3. Let A be a transformation matrix and
 sin θ − cos θ 
A =   .
 cos θ sin θ 
Furthermore, let Tn = An.
(a) Find T4 and describe the geometric meaning of the transformation T4.
(b) if θ = 30° , find the new coordinates of the point (3, 4) under T4.
(5 marks)
1 1 1 1 1 1
4. Factorize x y z and x y z .
x2 y2 z2 x3 y3 z3

Hence show that

x y z
x2 y2 z2 = xyz ( x − y )( y − z )( z − x )( x + y + z − 1) .
x 3 ( x − 1) y 3 ( y − 1) z ( z − 1)
3

(7 marks)

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5. A sequence {an} is defined as follows:
1 1 1
a1 = and − = 2n + 3 for n = 1, 2, 3, … .
3 a n +1 a n
1
(a) Show that a n = n 2 + 2n for n = 1, 2, 3, … .

x 2 + 4x + 2
(b) Resolve ( x 2 + 2 x) 2 into partial fractions.

∑ (k 2
Hence or otherwise, evaluate
2
+ 4k + 2) a k .
k =1

(7 marks)
6. Let a1, a2, …, an be non-zero real numbers.
By using Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality, prove the following inequalities.
2
 n 2  n 3  n 
(a)  ∑
 i =1
a i 

≤ ∑ a i   ∑ a i 
 i =1   i =1 

3
 n 2 2
( )
3 2
n

(b) ∑ i  a ≤ n ∑ a i 
 i =1   i =1 

(7 marks)
7. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree n with real coefficients satisfying the following conditions:
(1) f(x) = f(x – 1) + x2 for all x ∈ R .
(2) f(1) = 1.
(a) Find n and the coefficient of xn in f(x).
(b) Prove that f(0) = f(-1) = 0. Hence factorize f(x).
(8 marks)

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Section B (54 marks)
8. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in x, y and z
2a1 x + 2b1 y − z = c1
( E ) : 2a 2 x + 2b2 y − z = c 2
2a x + 2b y − z = c
 3 3 3

a1 b1 1
Prove that (E) has unique solution if and only if a2 b2 1 ≠ 0
a3 b3 1

(3 marks)
(b) Consider another system of linear equations
2( a − 2 ) x + 2( a + 2 ) y − z = c1
( E ') : 2( 4a + 1) x + 2( 2a + 3) y − z = c2
6 x + 10 y + z = c
 3

By using (a), or otherwise, find the value(s) of a such that (E’) has unique solution.
(4 marks)
(c) An equation C is defined by
x2 + y2 – 2px – 2qy + p2 + q2 – r2 = 0, where p, q are real and r > 0.
Given that C passes through the points (a – 2, a + 2), (4a + 1, 2a + 3) and (-3, -5).
(i) If a = 0, find the values of p, q and r.
(ii) If a = -1, find the values of p, q and r.
(11 marks)

9. Given an infinite sequence {an} of positive integers, two sequences {pn} and {qn} are defined by
p1 = a1, p2 = a2a1 + 1, pk = ak pk – 1 + pk – 2 for k ≥ 3
q1 = 1, q2 = a2, qk = ak qk – 1 + qk – 2 for k ≥ 3
lim q n
(a) Prove that {qn} is an increasing sequence and n →∞ does not exist.

(4 marks)
(b) For all positive integers n, prove that
pn + 1 qn – pn qn + 1 = (-1)n + 1.
(3 marks)
pk
(c) Let bk = q , k = 1, 2, 3, ….
k

(i) By considering bk+2 – bk, or otherwise, show that {b2n – 1} is a strictly increasing
sequence and that {b2n } is a strictly decreasing sequence.
(ii) By considering bk+1 – bk, show that for all positive integers n,
b2 n −1 < b2 and b2 n > b1 .

(iii) Show that the two sequences {b2n – 1} and {b2n } converge to the same limit.
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 (11 marks)

10. (a) Let a1 ≥ a 2 ≥  ≥ a n and b1 ≥ b2 ≥  ≥ bn be two sets of real numbers.

(i) Prove that for any i, j ( 1 ≤ i, j ≤ n ),

a i bi + a j b j ≥ a i b j + a j bi

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, deduce that

1 n  1 n  1 n 
∑ i i  n ∑
n i =1
a b ≥
i =1
a i   ∑ bi  .
  n i =1 
(5 marks)
(b) By using (a)(ii), prove that
n +1
(i) For all n ∈ N , 1 + 2 + 3 +  + n ≤ n .
2

(ii) For all a, b, c > 0 , a + b + c ≥ abc( a + b + c ) .

4 4 4

(7 marks)

(c) Let c1 ≤ c 2 ≤  ≤ c n be another set of real numbers.

Prove that
1 n  1 n  1 n 
∑ i i  n ∑
n i =1
a c ≤
i =1
ai   ∑ ci 
  n i =1 
(3 marks)
(d) By using (c), prove that for all n ∈ N ,
n
1 2n
∑
i =1 i
≥
n +1.
(3 marks)

End of Paper

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