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Customization To Suppress Emi in DC Motors

One way to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) in DC motors is to customize the motor and encoder combination with differential line drivers and twisted-pair wiring. This helps cancel out noise by processing signals with inverted polarities. Additional techniques like proper grounding, filtering, and shielding can further suppress EMI. Passive components like capacitors and ferrite beads installed inside the motor frame can also help filter noise from both low and high frequencies when used individually or together in a low-pass LC filter.

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27 views1 page

Customization To Suppress Emi in DC Motors

One way to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) in DC motors is to customize the motor and encoder combination with differential line drivers and twisted-pair wiring. This helps cancel out noise by processing signals with inverted polarities. Additional techniques like proper grounding, filtering, and shielding can further suppress EMI. Passive components like capacitors and ferrite beads installed inside the motor frame can also help filter noise from both low and high frequencies when used individually or together in a low-pass LC filter.

Uploaded by

grsobha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CUSTOMIZATION TO SUPPRESS EMI

IN DC MOTORS

A variety of active and passive approaches can be adopted to reduce EMI in systems that rely on precision
motion control. For applications ranging from medical diagnostic to office automation equipment, the need to
suppress conducted and radiated noise is critical, especially in light of increasingly stringent electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) requirements. The challenges are to maintain system integrity and DC motor performance
without adding significant cost or weight to a subassembly.

One active approach to reduce the effects of EMI is by customizing DC motor and encoder combinations with
differential line drivers. Differential circuits improve noise immunity by processing a signal that is the algebraic
difference of two complementary signals at the input. The differential line driver receives the signal from the
encoder and inverts polarity on one output to form complementary signals. A 5V input signal would transmit as
5V on one output and 0V on the other. Because the transmission lines are balanced and positioned closely, any
noise induced in the circuit equally affects the signal amplitude, polarity, and phase in both wires.

The lines feed to a differential receiver, which re-inverts one input and adds the voltage in the lines, effectively
canceling electromagnetic interference (EMI). Therefore, if a +1V noise spike enters the 5V system, the lines
would carry 6V and 1V for the duration of the spike, then the receiver would invert the 1V input and detect the
original 5V.

To ensure that noise equally affects both transmission lines, differential circuits commonly employ twisted-pair
wiring, especially as transmission distances become longer. For shorter transmissions, ribbon cable suffices.
With twisted-pair wiring, higher noise immunity can be achieved, because the inductively coupled noise currents
are out-of-phase and effectively cancel one another in each loop. Wires should be terminated at the receiver end
only with a resistor equal to the differential line impedance.

While differential circuits and twisted-pair wiring cancel noise within the encoder circuit, EMI may still be
encountered in other parts of the motion control system. Proper grounding, filtering, and shielding can enhance
these techniques and further suppress EMI.

In terms of specific EMI-reduction options involving passive components, capacitors and indicators can be
incorporated to filter noise. While filters can be incorporated externally, it is advantageous to add filtering inside
the motor frame to place components as close to the noise source as possible for maximum effectiveness.
For low-frequency EMI (typically below 30 MHz), capacitors can be installed from the terminal to the ground
and/or terminal to terminal for optimum filtering. To reduce high-frequency noise (generally above 30 MHz),
ferrite beads can be installed on wire and cable harnesses by slipping them over the wires' insulation. For
maximum electrical noise suppression, a combination of passive components can be specified to create a low-
pass LC filter that will be inductive-capacitive at low frequencies and dissipative at higher frequencies.

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