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Lecture 4 - Bilinear TF - 2

This document discusses bilinear transfer functions and classifies circuit responses as either lead or lag based on the phase of the transfer function. 1) The phase of a bilinear transfer function is determined by the phases of its poles and zeros. 2) RC circuits can be classified as either lead or lag based on whether their phase response is always positive or negative. 3) The document provides several circuit examples and calculates the transfer functions and phase responses to classify them as either lead or lag circuits.

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Nathan Kingori
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169 views12 pages

Lecture 4 - Bilinear TF - 2

This document discusses bilinear transfer functions and classifies circuit responses as either lead or lag based on the phase of the transfer function. 1) The phase of a bilinear transfer function is determined by the phases of its poles and zeros. 2) RC circuits can be classified as either lead or lag based on whether their phase response is always positive or negative. 3) The document provides several circuit examples and calculates the transfer functions and phase responses to classify them as either lead or lag circuits.

Uploaded by

Nathan Kingori
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

EEE 2303

CIRCUIT AND NETWORK THEORY III

Bilinear transfer functions II

By

Duncan Kilungu

1
Classification of phase responses

 If the input voltage to a circuit v1 = V1sinωt and the


output voltage v2 = V2sin(ωt+ θ), the TF is expressed
as

V2
T ( j ) = = T ( j ) 
V1 0
 Where is the phase difference between v1 and v2 with
v1 chosen as the reference
 For the bilinear TF,

s + z1
T ( s) = K
s + p1
2
 If s = jω
z1 + j
T ( j ) = K = T ( j )  ( )
p1 + j
 θ = phase of K + phase of (z1+jω) - phase of (p1+jω)
=0º (180º) for positive K (negative K) + tan-1(ω/z1) - tan-1(ω/p1)
 For positive K
θ = tan-1(ω/z1) - tan-1(ω/p1)
 Circuits that give a positive value of θ are lead
circuits and those that give a negative value are lag
circuits
3
R
+
+
-
v1 C v2
-

1 1 Fig. 1
T ( s) = sC = RC
R+ 1 s+ 1
sC RC
1
For s = j , T ( j ) = RC
j + 1
 = − tan  RC
−1 RC
For ω = 0, θ =0º; ω = 1/RC, θ = -45º; ω → ∞, θ → -90º.
4
ω0=1/RC ω
0 For this RC circuit, θ is
-45º negative for all ω.
Therefore, the circuit is a
-90º lag circuit.
θ
Fig. 2

C
+ R s
+ T ( s) = =
-
v1 R v2 R+ 1 s+ 1
- sC RC
Fig. 3
5
j
For s = j , T ( j ) =
1 + j
RC
 = 90 − tan  RC
−1

For ω = 0, θ =90º; ω = 1/RC, θ = 45º; ω → ∞, θ → 0º.


θ
90º
θ is positive for all ω.
45º Therefore, the circuit is a
lead circuit.
0 ω0=1/RC ω 6
Fig. 4
C
1 −s
R1 T ( s) = RC
( )
+ + v2 - VB
-
v1 VA 2 s+ 1
R1 R RC

Fig. 5
1 − j
T ( j ) = RC
(
2 1
RC
+ j )
 = z −  p

 = tan − (  RC ) − tan (  RC ) = −2tan (  RC )


−1 −1 −1

7
For ω = 0, θ = 0º;
ω = 1/RC, θ = -90º;
ω → ∞, θ → -180º.

ω0=1/RC ω
0
θ is negative for all ω.
-90º Therefore, the circuit is a
-180º lag circuit.
θ
Fig. 6
8
R1 s+ 1
R1C s + z1
T ( s) = =
+ s+ 1 + 1 s + p1
+ v2 R1C R2C
v1 C R2
- - 1 + j
R1C
T ( j ) =
( )
Fig. 7
1 + 1 + j
 = z −  p R1C RC
2

   z1 + j
 = tan (  R1C ) − tan 
−1 −1 R R C T ( j ) =
p1 + j
1 2

 ( R1 + R2 ) 
  −1   
 = tan   − tan  
−1

 z1   p1  9
θº
90
θz
45º (p1 > z1)

0 ω
z1 p1
-45º
-90º -θp

Fig. 8

θ is positive for all ω. Therefore, the circuit is a lead circuit.


10
R1
T ( s) =
R2 ( s+ 1
R2C )
+ R1 + R2  
 s + 1 
+
v1
C
 ( R1 + R2 ) C 

( )
- v2
R2 1 + j
R2 R2C
T ( j ) =
-
Fig. 9 R1 + R2  1 
 ( R + R ) C + j 
 1 2 

 = z −  p
= tan −1 (  R2C ) − tan −1  C ( R1 + R2 )
11
θº
90
θz
45º

0 ω (p1 < z1)


p1 z1
-45º θ is negative for all
-θp ω. Therefore, the
-90º circuit is a lag circuit.
Fig. 10

• Integrator T(s) = K/s  θ = -90º  lag circuit


• Differentiator T(s) = Ks  θ = 90º  lead circuit
12

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