UCSP 11 - 3RD QUARTER ● Though individual societies have varying histories,

experiences, identities, and organizations, all of them

L2: UNDERSTANDING CULTURE have 4 vital cultural components:
AND SOCIETY Symbols Refer to things that convey meaning
DARLENE MARIE PALANCA - 11SF (STEM) or represent an idea

Language Set of symbols that enables

➔ SOCIETY members of society to communicate
- A group of individuals sharing a common culture, verbally and nonverbally
geographical location and government.
- The classic definition of society is based on E.B. Values Shared ideas, norms, and principles
Tylor’s concept states that society is “that complex that provide members of society the
whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, standards that pertain to what is
attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, right or wrong, good or bad,
and everything that a person learns and shares as a desirable or undesirable
member of society.”
Norms Shared rules of conduct that
● A society is characterized by the presence of the determine specific behavior among
following 6 elements: society members
a. Social solidarity
b. Shared identity and culture ○ There are various categories of
c. A common language norms according to their social
d. A large population and the ability to sustain importance
succeeding generations of members; a. Norms shared rules of
e. Definite geographical area; and conduct that determine
f. Political, economic, and social organization specific behavior among
society members
● Social scientists have also identified five (5) major b. Folkways are norms that may
types of societies according to how they changed be violated without serious
and developed over time. consequences
1. Hunting and gathering c. Mores are norms with moral
2. Horticultural and pastoral societies connotations
3. Agricultural societies d. Laws are norms that are
4. Industrial societies legally enacted and enforced
5. Post industrialist societies

● The process of culture and identity formation within

society is facilitated through socialization and
enculturation
➔ CULTURE
a. Socialization - refers to the lifelong process
- One of the important bases that define and influence
of forging identity through social interaction
a society
b. Enculturation - refers to the process by
- Refers to the set of beliefs, ideas, values, practices,
which an individual learns or acquires the
knowledge, history and shared experiences, attitudes,
important aspects of his or her society’s
as well as materials objects and possessions
culture
accumulated over time and shared by the members
of society
- There are 2 primary categories of culture: ★ It is important to understand that culture is dynamic
1. Material Culture - characterized by constant change, activity, or progress.
- Money, tools/weapons, clothes, artifacts,
ornaments, art, monument, or buildings
● There are elements of culture that have remained
2. Nonmaterial Culture
through the ages but there are also some aspects
- Languages and words, dress codes,
that have adapted to the realities of the present
etiquette, rituals, business and social
context.
transactions, religion, laws, punishments,
values, and ethics
● Context refers to particular circumstances of a certain
culture and is defined by location, weather, time
● The community stories and other types of narratives
period and other factors.
shared within societies are collectively called as
folklore.
● Folklore, which comes in the form of myths, legends,
folktales (kuwentong bayan), proverbs, and riddles,
embodies the history, beliefs, ideas, values and
practices that define a society.