Covalent and Metallic Bonding

Multiple Choice Question’s

1. Which type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

a) Ionic bonding
b) Covalent bonding
c) Metallic bonding
d) Hydrogen bonding
Answer: b) Covalent bonding
Explanation: Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable
electron configuration.

2. In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between:

a) Two atoms of the same element
b) Two different elements
c) An atom and a molecule
d) An atom and an ion
Answer: a) Two atoms of the same element
Explanation: Covalent bonds typically form between atoms of nonmetals.

3. Which of the following molecules contains a nonpolar covalent bond?

a) HCl
b) H2O
c) O2
d) NH3
Answer: c) O2
Explanation: Oxygen molecules (O2) consist of two oxygen atoms sharing electrons
equally, resulting in a nonpolar covalent bond.
4. The strength of a covalent bond depends on:
a) The size of the atoms involved
b) The difference in electronegativity between the atoms
c) The number of electrons shared between the atoms
d) The distance between the nuclei of the bonded atoms
Answer: d) The distance between the nuclei of the bonded atoms
Explanation: Covalent bond strength is influenced by the distance between the nuclei of
the bonded atoms.

5. Which of the following substances exhibits metallic bonding?

a) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c) Iron (Fe)
d) Water (H2O)
Answer: c) Iron (Fe)
Explanation: Metals exhibit metallic bonding, where delocalized electrons are shared
among all atoms in the structure.

6. Metallic bonding is characterized by:

a) Sharing of electrons between atoms
b) Transfer of electrons from one atom to another
c) Attraction between positively charged ions and delocalized electrons
d) Formation of covalent bonds between metal atoms
Answer: c) Attraction between positively charged ions and delocalized electrons
Explanation: Metallic bonding involves the attraction between positively charged metal
ions and delocalized electrons.
7. Which property of metals can be explained by metallic bonding?
a) High electrical conductivity
b) Brittle nature
c) Low melting point
d) Solubility in nonpolar solvents
Answer: a) High electrical conductivity
Explanation: Delocalized electrons in metallic bonding allow metals to conduct electricity.

8. In metallic bonding, the mobile electrons are responsible for:

a) Holding the atoms together
b) Determining the shape of the crystal lattice
c) Carrying electrical charge
d) Increasing the boiling point of the metal
Answer: c) Carrying electrical charge
Explanation: The mobility of electrons in metallic bonding allows metals to conduct
electricity.

9. Which of the following is NOT a property of substances with covalent bonds?

a) Low melting and boiling points
b) Insolubility in water
c) Poor electrical conductivity
d) Brittle nature
Answer: b) Insolubility in water
Explanation: Many covalent substances are soluble in water, especially those with polar
covalent bonds.
10. Which of the following substances contains both ionic and covalent bonds?
a) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
b) Water (H2O)
c) Ammonia (NH3)
d) Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Answer: d) Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Explanation: Calcium carbonate contains both ionic (between Ca2+ and CO32-) and
covalent (within the CO3 2- ion) bonds.

11. Which bond type is characterized by the transfer of electrons from one atom to
another?
a) Covalent
b) Metallic
c) Ionic
d) Hydrogen
Answer: c) Ionic
Explanation: Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another,
resulting in the formation of ions.

12. Which of the following molecules has polar covalent bonds?

a) O2
b) Cl2
c) H2
d) HCl
Answer: d) HCl
Explanation: HCl has polar covalent bonds due to the electronegativity difference
between hydrogen and chlorine.
13. The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in water (H2O) is:
a) Ionic
b) Covalent
c) Metallic
d) Hydrogen
Answer: b) Covalent
Explanation: Water molecules are held together by covalent bonds between hydrogen
and oxygen atoms.

14. Which of the following properties is NOT typically associated with metallic bonding?
a) High thermal conductivity
b) Ductility
c) Low electrical conductivity
d) Malleability
Answer: c) Low electrical conductivity
Explanation: Metals typically exhibit high electrical conductivity due to the mobility of
electrons in metallic bonding.

15. Which of the following substances has the strongest metallic bonding?
a) Sodium (Na)
b) Iron (Fe)
c) Aluminum (Al)
d) Copper (Cu)
Answer: d) Copper (Cu)
Explanation: Copper has stronger metallic bonding compared to sodium, iron, or
aluminum due to its electron configuration and lattice structure.
16. What is the nature of the bond in a diamond crystal?
a) Ionic
b) Covalent
c) Metallic
d) Hydrogen
Answer: b) Covalent
Explanation: Diamond consists of carbon atoms bonded together by strong covalent
bonds in a tetrahedral structure.

17. Which of the following substances is likely to have the highest melting point?
a) Covalent compound
b) Metallic compound
c) Ionic compound
d) Hydrogen compound
Answer: c) Ionic compound
Explanation: Ionic compounds typically have high melting points due to the strong
electrostatic forces between ions.

18. What happens to the electrons in metallic bonding?

a) They are transferred from one atom to another
b) They are shared between atoms
c) They are localized around individual atoms
d) They form hydrogen bonds
Answer: b) They are shared between atoms
Explanation: Electrons in metallic bonding are delocalized and shared among all atoms
in the structure.
19. Which of the following elements forms a diatomic molecule held together by a nonpolar
covalent bond?
a) Nitrogen (N)
b) Oxygen (O)
c) Fluorine (F)
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine exist as diatomic molecules with nonpolar
covalent bonds.

20. Which type of bonding is characterized by the formation of a sea of electrons?

a) Covalent bonding
b) Metallic bonding
c) Ionic bonding
d) Hydrogen bonding
Answer: b) Metallic bonding
Explanation: Metallic bonding involves a "sea of electrons" where delocalized electrons
move freely throughout the metal lattice.

21. What is the shape of a molecule with a linear geometry?

a) Tetrahedral
b) Trigonal planar
c) Bent
d) Linear
Answer: d) Linear
Explanation: Molecules with linear geometry have two atoms bonded to a central atom
with a bond angle of 180 degrees.
22. Which of the following is a property of both covalent and metallic bonds?
a) High electrical conductivity
b) Transfer of electrons between atoms
c) Sharing of electrons between atoms
d) Formation of ions
Answer: c) Sharing of electrons between atoms
Explanation: Both covalent and metallic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between
atoms.

23. Which of the following substances has the highest melting point?
a) Water (H2O)
b) Methane (CH4)
c) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
d) Diamond (C)
Answer: d) Diamond (C)
Explanation: Diamond has a high melting point due to the strong covalent bonds
between carbon atoms in its structure.

24. In which type of bonding are electrons localized between two atoms?
a) Covalent bonding
b) Metallic bonding
c) Ionic bonding
d) Hydrogen bonding
Answer: a) Covalent bonding
Explanation: In covalent bonding, electrons are localized between two atoms and shared
between them.
25. Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?
a) Sodium (Na)
b) Carbon (C)
c) Fluorine (F)
d) Potassium (K)
Answer: c) Fluorine (F)
Explanation: Fluorine has the highest electronegativity among the options provided,
making it the most electronegative element.

26. The bond formed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule (H2O) is:
a) Ionic
b) Covalent
c) Metallic
d) Hydrogen
Answer: b) Covalent
Explanation: The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in water is a covalent bond, as
they share electrons.

27. Which type of bond is responsible for the unique properties of water, such as its high
surface tension and ability to form droplets?
a) Covalent
b) Metallic
c) Ionic
d) Hydrogen
Answer: d) Hydrogen
Explanation: Hydrogen bonds between water molecules contribute to these unique
properties.
28. The bonding in sodium (Na) metal is best described as:
a) Covalent
b) Metallic
c) Ionic
d) Polar covalent
Answer: b) Metallic
Explanation: Sodium metal exhibits metallic bonding, with delocalized electrons shared
among sodium atoms.

29. What type of bonding is responsible for the solubility of table salt (NaCl) in water?
a) Covalent bonding
b) Metallic bonding
c) Van der Waals forces
d) Ionic bonding
Answer: d) Ionic bonding
Explanation: Ionic bonding allows table salt to dissolve in water through the attraction
between ions and water molecules.

30. Which of the following substances has the highest boiling point?
a) Hydrogen gas (H2)
b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
d) Water (H2O)
Answer: c) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Explanation: Sodium chloride has the highest boiling point due to its strong ionic bonds.
31. Which of the following statements about metallic bonding is true?
a) Electrons are localized within specific atoms.
b) Metallic bonds are typically brittle in nature.
c) Metals with metallic bonding tend to have high melting points.
d) Metallic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between atoms.
Answer: c) Metals with metallic bonding tend to have high melting points.
Explanation: Metallic bonds are strong and contribute to the high melting points
observed in metals.

32. The bonding in methane (CH4) is an example of:

a) Metallic bonding
b) Ionic bonding
c) Covalent bonding
d) Hydrogen bonding
Answer: c) Covalent bonding
Explanation: Methane molecules are held together by covalent bonds between carbon
and hydrogen atoms.

33. What type of bonding holds together the atoms within a single molecule of iodine (I2)?
a) Metallic bonding
b) Ionic bonding
c) Covalent bonding
d) Hydrogen bonding
Answer: c) Covalent bonding
Explanation: Iodine molecules are formed by covalent bonds between iodine atoms
within the molecule.
34. The bonding in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is best described as:
a) Covalent
b) Metallic
c) Ionic
d) Van der Waals
Answer: c) Ionic
Explanation: Sodium hydroxide contains an ionic bond between the sodium cation and
the hydroxide anion.

35. What type of bond holds together the atoms within a single molecule of hydrogen gas
(H2)?
a) Covalent
b) Metallic
c) Ionic
d) Van der Waals
Answer: a) Covalent
Explanation: Hydrogen gas molecules are held together by a covalent bond formed by
sharing electrons between two hydrogen atoms.

36. The bonding in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is best described as:

a) Covalent
b) Metallic
c) Ionic
d) Hydrogen
Answer: a) Covalent
Explanation: Carbon tetrachloride molecules are held together by covalent bonds
between carbon and chlorine atoms.
37. Which of the following substances contains both covalent and hydrogen bonds?
a) Methane (CH4)
b) Ammonia (NH3)
c) Water (H2O)
d) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Answer: c) Water (H2O)
Explanation: Water contains both covalent bonds within the water molecule and
hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

38. Which type of bonding is responsible for the surface tension of water?
a) Covalent bonding
b) Metallic bonding
c) Ionic bonding
d) Hydrogen bonding
Answer: d) Hydrogen bonding
Explanation: Hydrogen bonding between water molecules contributes to the surface
tension of water.

39. What type of bond is formed when two atoms have a significant difference in
electronegativity?
a) Metallic
b) Covalent
c) Polar covalent
d) Van der Waals
Answer: c) Polar covalent
Explanation: Polar covalent bonds result from unequal sharing of electrons due to
differences in electronegativity between atoms.
40. The bonding in sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is best described as:
a) Covalent
b) Metallic
c) Ionic
d) Hydrogen
Answer: c) Ionic
Explanation: Sodium carbonate contains ionic bonds between sodium cations and
carbonate anions.

41. What type of bonding holds together the atoms within a single molecule of ammonia
(NH3)?
a) Covalent
b) Metallic
c) Ionic
d) Van der Waals
Answer: a) Covalent
Explanation: Ammonia molecules are held together by covalent bonds between nitrogen
and hydrogen atoms.

42. The bonding in calcium chloride (CaCl2) is best described as:

a) Covalent
b) Metallic
c) Ionic
d) Hydrogen
Answer: c) Ionic
Explanation: Calcium chloride contains ionic bonds between calcium cations and
chloride anions.
43. What type of bonding is responsible for the soft and slippery nature of graphite?
a) Covalent bonding
b) Metallic bonding
c) Ionic bonding
d) Van der Waals forces
Answer: d) Van der Waals forces
Explanation: The layers in graphite are held together by weak van der Waals forces,
allowing them to slide over one another easily.

44. The bonding in hydrogen chloride (HCl) is an example of:

a) Metallic bonding
b) Ionic bonding
c) Covalent bonding
d) Hydrogen bonding
Answer: c) Covalent bonding
Explanation: Hydrogen chloride molecules are held together by a covalent bond between
hydrogen and chlorine atoms.

45. Which of the following substances has the highest melting point?
a) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
b) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
c) Water (H2O)
d) Oxygen gas (O2)
Answer: b) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Explanation: Sodium chloride has the highest melting point due to its strong ionic bonds.
46. What type of bonding holds together the atoms within a single molecule of methane
(CH4)?
a) Covalent
b) Metallic
c) Ionic
d) Van der Waals
Answer: a) Covalent
Explanation: Methane molecules are held together by covalent bonds between carbon
and hydrogen atoms.

47. The bonding in sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is best described as:

a) Covalent
b) Metallic
c) Ionic
d) Hydrogen
Answer: c) Ionic
Explanation: Sodium nitrate contains ionic bonds between sodium cations and nitrate
anions.

48. What type of bond holds together the atoms within a single molecule of oxygen gas
(O2)?
a) Covalent
b) Metallic
c) Ionic
d) Van der Waals
Answer: a) Covalent
Explanation: Oxygen gas molecules are held together by a covalent bond formed by
sharing electrons between two oxygen atoms.
49. The bonding in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is an example of:
a) Covalent bonding
b) Ionic bonding
c) Metallic bonding
d) Hydrogen bonding
Answer: a) Covalent bonding
Explanation: Sulfuric acid molecules are held together by covalent bonds between sulfur,
oxygen, and hydrogen atoms.

50. Which of the following substances has the highest electrical conductivity?
a) Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
b) Sugar (C6H12O6)
c) Copper (Cu)
d) Paraffin wax (CnH2n+2)
Answer: c) Copper (Cu)
Explanation: Copper is a metal with metallic bonding, allowing for high electrical
conductivity.