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Sand Equivalent Test

This document describes the sand equivalent test, which is used to determine the relative proportions of fine material like dust or clay in soils or aggregates. The test involves adding a soil sample to a calcium chloride solution, shaking it, and allowing it to settle for 20 minutes. The level at which the clay suspension separates is recorded as the clay reading. A weighted foot assembly is then lowered slowly into the cylinder to determine the sand reading by where the indicator rests on the sand. The sand equivalent is calculated by dividing the sand reading by the clay reading and multiplying by 100.

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Deven Patle
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242 views2 pages

Sand Equivalent Test

This document describes the sand equivalent test, which is used to determine the relative proportions of fine material like dust or clay in soils or aggregates. The test involves adding a soil sample to a calcium chloride solution, shaking it, and allowing it to settle for 20 minutes. The level at which the clay suspension separates is recorded as the clay reading. A weighted foot assembly is then lowered slowly into the cylinder to determine the sand reading by where the indicator rests on the sand. The sand equivalent is calculated by dividing the sand reading by the clay reading and multiplying by 100.

Uploaded by

Deven Patle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SAND EQUIVALENT TEST.

( IS : 2720 – PART – 37 )

INTRODUCTION:
This test is intended to serve as a rapid field test to show the relative proportions of fine dust or clay like material in
soils or graded aggregates.

Apparatus:
1) A graduated plastic cylinder, rubber stopper, irrigator tube, weighted foot assembly, and siphon assembly, all
confirming to their respective specifications and dimensions. Fit the siphon assembly to a 4 liters bottle of working
calcium chloride solution placed on a shelf 915 +/- 25mm above the work surface. In lieu of the specified 4liter
bottle, a glass or plastic vat having a larger capacity may be used providing the liquid level of the working solution
is maintained between 915 to 1175mm above the work surface.
2) A 85 ml tinned box approximately 57mm in diameter, with gill style cover and having a capacity of 85 +/- 5ml.
3) A wide mouth funnel approximately 100mm in diameter at the mouth.
4) A clock or watch reading in minutes and seconds.
5) A mechanical shaker having a throw of 203.2 +/- 1.02mm and operating at 175 +/- 2 cycles per minute.
6) Dissolve the calcium chloride in 1.89 liters of distilled water. Cool the solution, then filter and add the glycerin
and formaldehyde to the filtered solution, mix well, and dilute to 3.79 liters with distilled or dematerialized water.
7) Prepare the working calcium chloride by diluting one measuring tin full 85 +/- 5ml of the stock calcium chloride
solution 3.79 liters with water. Use distilled water for the normal preparation of the working solution.

Sample preparation:
The sand equivalent test shall be performed on soils or graded aggregate materials passing the 4.75mm sieve. All
aggregates of fine-grained soil material shall be pulverized to pass the 4.75mm sieve, and all fines shall be cleaned
from the particles retained on the 4.75mm sieve and included with the material passing the 4.75mm sieve. Split
enough of the original sample to yield slightly more than 85ml tin measures of material passing the 4.75mm sieve.
Use extreme care to obtain a truly representative portion of the original sample.

Procedure:
Siphon 101.6 +/- 2.5ml of working calcium chloride solution into the paste cylinder. Pour the prepared test sample
from the measuring tin into the plastic cylinder using the funnel to avoid spillage. Tap the bottom of the cylinder
sharply on the heel of the hand several times to release air bubbles and to promote thorough wetting of the sample.
Allow the wetted sample to stand undisturbed for 10 minutes. At the end of the 10-minute soaking period, stopper
the cylinder, then loosen the material from the bottom by partially inverting the cylinder and shaking it
simultaneously. Hold the cylinder in a horizontal position and shake it vigorously in a horizontal linear motion
from end to end. Shake the cylinder 90 cycles in approximately 30 seconds using a throw of 229 +/- 25mm. A
cycle is defined as a complete back and front motion. To properly shake the cylinder at this speed, it will be
necessary for the operator to shake with the forearms only, relaxing the body and shoulders.

Allow the cylinder and contents to stand undisturbed to 20 minutes, read the level of the top of the clay suspension.
This is referred to as the ‘clay reading’. After the clay reading has been taken, the ‘sand reading’ shall be obtained
by the following method:

When using the weighted foot assembly having the sand indicator on the rod of the assembly, place the assembly
over the cylinder and gently lower the assembly towards the sand. Do not allow the indicator to hit the mouth of the
cylinder as the assembly is being lowered. As the weighted foot comes to rest on the sand, tip the assembly toward
the graduations on the cylinder until the indicator touches the inside of the cylinder. Subtract 254mm from the level
indicated by the extreme top edge of the indicator and record this value as the ‘sand reading’.

Calculations:

Sand equivalent (SE) to the nearest 0.1 using the following formula:

Sand Reading
SE = -------------------------- X 100
Clay Reading

Sand Equivalent Test VKLRao, ME.


Sand Equivalent Test VKLRao, ME.

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