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Computer Essentials.

This document provides an introduction to computers and their basic components. It discusses what a computer is, the main types of computers, and computer hardware and software. The key components of a computer are its hardware, which are the physical parts, and its software, which are the programs that process data. There are different types of software including operating systems, application software, and utility software. Common operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux. [END SUMMARY]

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28 views17 pages

Computer Essentials.

This document provides an introduction to computers and their basic components. It discusses what a computer is, the main types of computers, and computer hardware and software. The key components of a computer are its hardware, which are the physical parts, and its software, which are the programs that process data. There are different types of software including operating systems, application software, and utility software. Common operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux. [END SUMMARY]

Uploaded by

Nyakundi Omurwa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMPUTER ESSENTIALS.

Topic one
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING.
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTERS.
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is an electronic device
that is used to process and store data.

COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
Hardware, Software

TYPES OF COMPUTERS.
1. Supercomputer
2. Mainframe computer
3. Minicomputer
4. Workstation
5. PC (Personal Computer)

MORE DETAILS.
HOW DOES A COMPUTER WORK.

NAME OTHER COMPUTER OUTPUTS AND INPUTS?


COMPUTER HARDWARE.
COMPUTER HARDWARE REFERS TO THE PHYSICAL
WHAT WE ARE ?
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER.
COMPUTER SOFTWARES MEANING.

This are computer programs that tell a computer what


to do and how to do it.

This are parts of the computer system that consists of


data or computer instructions,in contrast to the physical
hardware from which the system is built.
TYPES OF COMPUTER SOFTWARES.
1. Application software
2. System software
3. Utility software.
1. System software
If you think of software as being in layers, the system software is the bottom layer:
it sits between the hardware and the application software.

Operating systems like Windows, macOS, Android and iOS are examples of system
software. Operating systems are loaded into RAM when the device starts up, and
have access to the hard drive.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE.

This is everything else! Anything that is not an operating system or a utility is an


application or app. So a word processor, spreadsheet, web browser, and graphics software
are all examples of application software, and they can do many specific tasks.

You can remove and add applications on your computer using the operating system.

Application software like a word processor regularly directs the operating system to load
and save files from and to the hard drive. When you are working on a file, it is saved
temporarily in the RAM. It is only when you choose to save it that it is written to the hard
drive.

This is why, if the computer crashes while you’re working on a file, you may lose any
changes you didn’t save. Data stored in the RAM is volatile. The data is lost when the RAM
loses power.
Utility software
Utility software is part of the system software and performs specific tasks to
keep the computer running. Utility software is always running in the
background. Examples of utility software are security and optimisation
programs.

Security programs include anti-virus software that scans and removes viruses.
Most computers will include some sort of anti-virus software, but you can add
your own.

Optimisation programs can include tools for system clean-up, disk


defragmentation, and file compression. These tools are typically installed as
part of the operating system. They have access to the hard drive to keep it
tidy.
Types of operating systems

1. Microsoft windows
Windows is one of the most popular operating systems and is usually preloaded in
many operating systems.

2. Apple macOS
MacOs is a popular operating system that was developed by Apple. It is easy to use
and has a very good user experience.

3. Linux
Linux is different from Windows and Apple in that it’s not a proprietary software, but
rather a family of open source systems. In other words, anyone can modify and
distribute it. Linux is popular because of its ease of customization and offers a
variety of options to those who understand how to use it.
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