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Viscosity of Liquid by Ostwald Viscometer

This document outlines a procedure to determine the viscosity of pure liquids using an Ostwald viscometer. It describes how the viscosity of an unknown liquid can be calculated by measuring the time it takes to flow through the viscometer and comparing it to the time for a reference liquid (water). The procedure involves measuring the density of the unknown liquid using a specific gravity bottle, then using the measured time, density, and known properties of water in an equation to calculate the absolute, relative, and kinematic viscosity values. Key measurements are recorded in an observation table.

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Aditya Thakkar
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5K views3 pages

Viscosity of Liquid by Ostwald Viscometer

This document outlines a procedure to determine the viscosity of pure liquids using an Ostwald viscometer. It describes how the viscosity of an unknown liquid can be calculated by measuring the time it takes to flow through the viscometer and comparing it to the time for a reference liquid (water). The procedure involves measuring the density of the unknown liquid using a specific gravity bottle, then using the measured time, density, and known properties of water in an equation to calculate the absolute, relative, and kinematic viscosity values. Key measurements are recorded in an observation table.

Uploaded by

Aditya Thakkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aim: To determine the viscosity of pure liquids by Ostwald

Viscometer at room temperature.


Requirements: Ostwald viscometer, Burette stand, RD bottle, Pipette,
unknown liquid
Theory : Viscosity is an important physicochemical property of liquid.
Viscosity is an index of resistance of a liquid to flow.
The higher the viscosity of liquid, the greater the resistance to
flow.
For ex., groundnut oil, honey, syrup, all resist the flow more,
when compared to water or alcohol.
The unit of viscosity is poise.
It is also expressed in centi(milli) poise.
Poise is defined as the force required to produce viscosity
of 1 cm/sec between two parallel planes of a liquid each 1
cm2 in area and separated by a distance of 1 cm.
Principle: Viscosity of liquid such as benzene, toluene and alcohol are
experimentally determined by using the capillary viscometer,
i.e. Ostwald Viscometer.
When a liquid flows through the capillary tube, the time
required for the liquid to pass between two marks (upper
mark and lower mark in figure) is determined.
The time of flow of liquid under test is compared with the
time required for the reference sample of known viscosity
(normally water is used).

Viscosity of an unknown liquid (η1) may be determined using


the equation:
η1 = η2

ƿ1 = density of unknown liquid , g/cc


ƿ2 = density of known liquid (water), g/cc
t1= time of flow of unknown liquid , sec
t2 = time of flow of known liquid (water), sec
η2= viscosity of known liquid (water) millipoise

Relative viscosity =

Kinematic Viscosity =

Procedure: Determination of time of flow of liquid:


1. Take Ostwald viscometer, clean with water and then
acetone, allow it to dry completely.
2. Transfer a known quantity of water (8/10/15 ml
according to capacity of viscometer) with the help of a
pipette through the wide limb.
3. Now, suck the water through the other limb up to a
level higher than the upper mark.
4. Allow water to flow. Start the stop clock when the
water level just passes the upper mark. When the water
passes the lower mark, stop the clock. Note the time
required for the flow of the water between upper and
lower mark.
5. Repeat the steps 3 and 4 thrice and calculate the
average time of flow.
6. Similarly find out the time required for unknown liquid
to pass from upper to lower mark.
Determination of density:
1. Select a specific gravity bottle having a capacity of 20
ml/ 25 ml. clean the SG bottle with distilled water.
Rinse the bottle with little (5 ml) acetone.
2. Weigh the empty specific gravity bottle. Let the weight
be W1.
3. Fill the SG bottle with distilled water to its brim. Place
the lid and wipe the outer surface of the bottle with
blotting/tissue paper.
4. Weigh the SG bottle filled with water. Let the weight
be W2.
5. Remove the distilled water from the bottle. Rinse the
empty bottle with little acetone.
6. Now transfer sample liquid into the SG bottle upto its
brim. Then, keep the lid in place. Dry the outer surface
of the bottle with blotting paper.
7. Weigh the SG bottle filled with sample liquid. Let the
weight be W3.
Observations: 1. Weight of empty SG bottle (W1) = _________ gm.
2. Weight of water in the SG bottle = W2 – W1 = _______
gm.
3. Weight of sample liquid in SG bottle = W3 – W1 =
________________ gm.
4. Density of sample liquid = X density
of water (0.986g/cc)

Observation Name Time of flow Density Absolute Relative Kinematic


of viscosity viscosity viscosity
table: sample I II Ave.

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