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Techniques and
Strategies in
Teaching
Mathematics
 02
“Teacher, can you spare a sign?”
My worst experience with a teacher was
during our Math class. I loved math and really
thought I knew and understood math. But my math
teacher sent me home crying everyday because
she marked my homework and test wrong since I
used to get my positive and negative signs wrong. I
knew how to do the problems, but I always got my
answers with wrong sign.
 03

Reflect: The scenario

illustrates the difficulties experienced
by some unfortunate learners. But can
we afford to let such kind of teachers?
They affect the way our learners feel
about math. Let’s hope not.
 04
• Therefore, it depends upon every
teacher to strive to improve her/his
teaching style to increase the number
of children liking, and even loving
Mathematics. Such should start as
early as in the elementary grades.
Furthermore, the use of varied and
appropriate teaching approaches can
entice more learners to like and love
math.
Discovery
Approach
 05
A. DISCOVERY APPROACH
The ultimate goal of this approach is that
learners learn how to learn rather than what
to learn.
•for developing their higher-order thinking
skills.
•This approach refers to an “Inductive Method”
of guiding learners to discuss and use ideas
already acquired as a means of discovering
new ideas.
 01
It is "International Learning”,
both the teacher and the
learner play active roles in
discovery learning.
 Inquiry
Teaching
 02
A. INQUIRY TEACHING
-providing learners with content-related
problems that serve as the foci for class
research activities.
-The teacher provides/presents a
problem then the learners identify the
problem.
-Such problem provides the focus which
lead to the formulation of the hypothesis
by the learners
DEMONSTRATIO
N
APPROACH
 B. DEMONSTRATION
APPROACH
03
-providing learners with content-related problems
that serve as the foci for class research activities.
-The teacher provides/presents a problem then the
learners identify the problem.
-Such problem provides the focus which lead to
the formulation of the hypothesis by the learners.
-Once the hypotheses have been formulated, the
learners’ task is to gather data to test hypotheses.
-The gathered data are being organized then data
analysis follow to arrive to
conclusion/generalization.
 B. DEMONSTRATION 03
APPROACH
The teacher provides/presents
a problem then the learners
identify the problem.
Such problem provides the
focus which lead to the
formulation of the hypothesis by
the learners.
 B. DEMONSTRATION 03
APPROACH
Once the hypotheses have
been formulated, the learners’
task is to gather data to test
hypotheses.
The gathered data are being
organized then data analysis
follow to arrive to
conclusion/generalization.
 MATH-LAB
APPROACH
C. MATH-LAB APPROACH 04
•children in small groups
work through an
assignment/task card, learn
and discover mathematics
for themselves.
C. MATH-LAB APPROACH 04
•The children work in an
informal manner, move
around, discuss and choose
their materials and method of
attacking a problem,
assignment or task.
D. PRACTICAL WORK
APPROACH (PWA) 05
-The learners in this approach, manipulate
concrete objects and/or perform activities to
arrive at a conceptual understanding of
phenomena, situation, or concept. The
environment is a laboratory where the natural
events/phenomena can be subjects of
mathematical or scientific investigations.
Activities can be done in the garden, in the
yard, in the field, in the school grounds, or
anywhere as long as the safety of the learners
is assured. That’s why elementary schools are
encouraged to put up a Math park.
D. PRACTICAL WORK
APPROACH (PWA) 05
-The learners in this approach, manipulate
concrete objects and/or perform activities to
arrive at a conceptual understanding of
phenomena, situation, or concept. The
environment is a laboratory where the natural
events/phenomena can be subjects of
mathematical or scientific investigations.
Activities can be done in the garden, in the
yard, in the field, in the school grounds, or
anywhere as long as the safety of the learners
is assured. That’s why elementary schools are
encouraged to put up a Math park.
D. PRACTICAL WORK
APPROACH (PWA)
05
The environment is a laboratory where
the natural events/phenomena can be subjects
of mathematical or scientific investigations.

Activities can be done in the garden, in the

yard, in the field, in the school grounds, or
anywhere as long as the safety of the learners
is assured. That’s why elementary schools are
encouraged to put up a Math park.
INDIVIDUALIZED
INSTRUCTION
USING MODULES
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WINTER
INDIVIDUALIZED INSTRUCTION
Templa te
USING MODULES
• This permits the learners to
progress by mastering steps
through the curriculum at his/her
own rate and independently of
the progress of other pupils.
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INDIVIDUALIZED INSTRUCTION
Te te
USING MODULES
• Individualizing instruction does not imply
that every pupil in the class must be
involved in an activity separates and distinct
from that of every other child. There are
many ways of individualizing instruction:
grouping, modules- self-learning
kits/materials, programmed materials, daily
prescriptions, contracts, etc.
 BRAIN
STORMING
 02
BRAINSTORMING
• teacher elicits from the learners as many
ideas as possible but refrains from
evaluating them until all possible ideas
have been generated.
• It is an excellent strategy for stimulating
creativity among learners.
PROBLEM
SOLVING
 03
PROBLEM-SOLVING
• a learner-directed strategy in which
learners “think patiently and
analytically about complex situations in
order to find answers to questions”.
 PROBLEM-SOLVING04
When using problem-solving for the first time:
select a simple problem that can be
completed in a short amount of time.
Consider learners’ interest, ability level, and
maturation level.
Make sure resources (materials or
equipment) are available.
Make sure that learners are familiar with
brainstorming before you implement problem-
solving.
COOPERATIVE
Learning
 05
COOPERATIVE LEARNING
•eliminates competition among learners.
It encourages them to work together
towards common goals.
•It fosters positive intergroup attitudes in
the classroom. It encourages learners
to work in small groups to learn.
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COOPERATIVE LEARNING
•The group learns a particular
Template
content/concept and every member
is expected to participate actively in
the discussion, with the fast
learners helping the slower ones
learn the lesson.
 Inquiry
Teaching
 02
B. INQUIRY TEACHING
-providing learners with content-related problems
that serve as the foci for class research activities.
The teacher provides/presents a problem then
the learners identify the problem.
Such problem provides the focus which lead to
the formulation of the hypothesis by the learners.
Once the hypotheses have been formulated, the
learners’ task is to gather data to test hypotheses.
The gathered data are being organized then
data analysis follow to arrive to
conclusion/generalization.
INTEGRATIVE
Technique
 03
INTEGRATIVE TECHNIQUE
-The Integrated Curriculum Mode
(Integrative teaching to some) is
both a “method of teaching and a
way of organizing the instructional
program so that many subject areas
and skills provided in the curriculum
can be linked to one another”.
Modes of Integration: 04
Content-Based: The
content of Science and
Health can be integrated in
the teaching of language
skills in English.
Modes of Integration: 04
Some topics/content in
Sibika at Kultura and
Heograpiya/ Kasaysayan/
Sibika were used as vehicle
for the language skills
development in Filipino.
Modes of Integration: 04
Using Thematic
Teaching: Some themes
can center on celebrations,
current issues, learner’s
interests/hobbies, priority
 05
Ten Creative
Ways to
Teach Math
1. Use dramatizations
• Invite children pretend to be in a ball
(sphere) or box (rectangular prism),
feeling the faces, edges, and corners
and to dramatize simple arithmetic
problems such as: Three frogs
jumped in the pond, then one more,
how many are there in all?
 2. Use children's
bodies
• Suggest that children show how many feet,
mouths, and so on they have. Invite children to
show numbers with fingers, starting with the
familiar, "How old are you?" to showing numbers
you say, to showing numbers in different ways
(for example, five as three on one hand and two
on the other).
3. Use children's play
• Engage children in block play that
allows them to do mathematics in
numerous ways, including sorting,
creating symmetric designs and
buildings, making patterns, and
so forth
4. Use children's toys
• Encourage children to use
"scenes" and toys to act out
situations such as three cars on
the road, or, later in the year, two
monkeys in the trees and two on
the ground.
5. Use children's stories
• Share books with children
that address Mathematics
but are also good stories.
Later, help children see
Mathematics in any book.
6. Use children's natural
creativity
• Children's ideas about
mathematics should be
discussed with all
children.
7. Use children's problem-
solving abilities
• Ask children to describe how they would
figure out problems such as getting just
enough scissors for their table or how
many snacks they would need if a guest
were joining the group. Encourage them to
use their own fingers or manipulatives or
whatever else might be handy for problem
solving.
8. Use a variety of
strategies
• Bring mathematics everywhere you go in
your classroom, from counting children at
morning meeting to setting the table, to
asking children to clean up a given
number or shape of items. Also, use a
research-based curriculum to incorporate
a sequenced series of learning activities
into your program.
 9. Use technology
• Try digital cameras to record children's
mathematical work, in their play and in planned
activities, and then use the photographs to aid
discussions and reflections with children,
curriculum planning, and communication with
parents. Use computers wisely to mathematize
situations and provide individualized instruction.
 10. Use assessments to measure
children's mathematics learning
• Use observations, discussions with
children, and small-group activities to
learn about children's mathematical
thinking and to make informed decisions
about what each child might be able to
learn from future experiences.
 REFLECTION:
• Choose the best strategy
suited to you and your
students. Explain how will
you employ it in your
class.