10.494 mm i Wk Width of key, = Wy= 11 mm Consider key in crushing T= Axtx$xo, Gy = 27=2%60= 120 N/mm’ 800 x 1100 = 65 xx Bx 120 t, = 10.4949 thickness, t, = 11mm from above calculation of key, the key is square key. 2.5 Design of Two Arm Levers (Bell Crank Lever) (MSBTE : S-16, S-19, W-19) The bell crank lever is a two arm lever which are tight angle to each other. The bell crank lever is used in railway signalling, hartnell and Wilson hartnell governor, etc. The design of bell crank lever include to find dimension of, : : @) fulcrum pin Gi) boss of the lever - iii) cross sectional dimension of lever.Fig. 2.5.1 The design procedure for bell crank lever is as follows (1) Determination of effort / load as per problem. Let W be the load and P is the effort at the load arm of length 1,, and effort arm J, respectively. Final load/effort by taking moment about fulcrum Wxl, = Px (2) Determination of resultant fulcrum reaction (Ry) The fulcrum R, = VW+P (3). Design of pin (fulcrum) The fulcrum pin is. supports the lever and allows to oscillate. Due to relative motion of lever on pin, fulcrum pin is subjected to (@ _ Bearing pressure (P,) Gi). Direct shear stress ()) Fulcrum pin is designed by considering under. bearing pressure R, R= Ee $ dy 1 Assume -2 = 1.25 » Find the diameter of pin (d,) Where, 1, = length of pin d, = diameter of fulcrum pinpesign of Joints, Levers & Off80t Lin, 8 42. a) Direct shear stros' ected to double shear Rye Be Tig 2A” axFd, Fulcrum pin is subj ar stress (f,) should be Hess than permis, le afety of fulcrum pin- of the lever (do) 10 bending stress dye Check, She: shear stress for s! (4) Diameter of boss ‘phe boss of the lever is subjected ( to bending moment lever outer diameter of the boss of the lever Let, d, 4, =. inner diameter of the boss of the lever J, = hy = length of the boss i “mere is a relative motion between the fuleram pin ang fever, a brass bush of 3 mm or 2 mm insert in the boss of that renewal became the boss of a I thickness should be (press fit) fulcrum lever as a bearing © simple when wear occur. U7 | Fig, 2.5.2 4, = d,+2X3—> if bush of 2 or 3 mm is used 4, = 4, if bush is not used 4, = 24, ‘The maximum bending stress induced in the boss of the lever. ee ged b Pe Zale 3 eS hese ee co y 12%4 [4-4] «, = —SMa 5 [4-4] Where bending moment, M = W x 1, =P x1 Ww=Pxi, From abov. i e Equation, (d,) outer diameter of boss 4? 2e obtained OR check o, < o, allowable:(5) Design of lever to fing dimensions The Iever is subjected to bending moment The maximum bending moment acts near the boss d, m= Pali $) re wu 8 The maximum bending stress induced M KRZ Where, Z = Section modulus of,cross section of lever (i) Consider the rectangular C/S of the lever Assume,h = 2bto 4b where, h = depth of the lever b = thickness of the lever (i) For elliptical sections Z= Fig. 2.5.4 = Elliptical section for lever arm Where, b = Thickness of the lever i.e. minor axis of the ellipse h = Depth or height of the lever i.e. major axis of the ellipse, mm h = 2bto2.5b (MSBTE : S-17)and can be easily rephar®S™ Ex.2.5.1 Sd A right angle bell crank lever having one arm, 700 mm and other 400 mm long. The load of 4.75 KN is to be raised acting he end of 700 mm arm and effort is applied at the on apin at tl si of a steel forgings, end of 400 mm arm. The lever consi: icrum. The permissible stresses turning on a point at the ful for the pin and lever are in tension and compression is. 80 N/mm’ and in shear 60 N/mm®, The bearing pressure on the pin is not to exceed 6 N/mm’. Find (i) Diameter and length of fulcrum pin (ii). Thickness (t) and depth (b) of rectangular cross section ‘of the lever (Assume b = 31) : Soin. : P 700mm Fig. P. 2.5.1 o,=0, = 80N/mm? for lever and pin 1, = 60N/mm* Pp, = 6N/mm* ‘Taking moment about fulcrum pin B Px 400 = 700% 1.75 P = 3,0625 KN The effort required to lift a load P = 3.0625 kN Resultant reaction on fulcrum pin (R) R= lw +P = V(L75) +6 0625) = 3.5272 KNse OMS OF Machine Design (So ee — Design of fulcrum pin (B) Let d, be the diameter of fulcrum pin and J, be the length of the fulcrum pin I, assume B= 1:25 1, 1.25 d, crushing) Consider fulcrum pin under bearing pressure (en R= 6= " dy 21.68 = 22mm length of pint, = 1.25 xd, = 1,.25x22=27.5 = 28mm Check the pin under double shear : The pin is subjected to double shear due to resultant for reaction R. R R 2xA~ 1, q2 axGd, 3.5272 x 10° x2 mx (28) = 2.864 N/mm? <.60 N/mm’ i.c. 75 stowabie As shear stress in pin is less than permissible shear stress, hence pin is safe Diameter of the boss of the lever (d,) Let, d, = outside diameter of the boss , = 2d,=2%28=56mm o 0 |, = inside diameter of the boss of lever = d)+(3X2) = 2846=34mm 28 mm Design of lever The lever is subjected to bending moment near the boss Consider the weakest section near the boss “ The bending moment, M 3 4, 4, m= Px(1.-5) or(1,-$)* ‘ 1.75% 10" (700 ) 1176000 Noinm Given rectangular C/S Given b = Z= " b 31 I y I. vis|= N ~ s N xx (31) =2 NIZ AM ale _ _ 76000 1.5t 21.399 = 22 mm | r=15se 3t= 3x22=66mm ~. Thickness of lever = t = 22mm -. depth of the lever b= 66mm