LIST OF

EXPERIMENTS
COMMUNICATIONS
LAB

S.No EXPERIMENT NAME

1. AM modulation with various values of modulation index using
MATLAB.
2 AM modulation using MATLAB.
3 Program for modulation and demodulation of DSBSC and SSB
using MATLAB.
4 Amplitude modulation Frequency spectrum using MATLAB.
5 Program for modulation and demodulation of DSBSC and SSB
using MATLAB.
6 Program for FM modulation and demodulation using MATLAB.
7 Phase modulation and demodulation using MATLAB.
 AMPLITUDE MODULATION AND DEMODULATION
AIM:
AM modulation with various values of modulation index

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
• Computer
• MATLAB Software ver.2014
THEORY: AM was the earliest modulation method used to transmit voice by
radio. It remains in use today in many forms of communication; for example it is
used in portable .

PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
f=1000;
fc=100000;
fs=10*fc;
t=0:1/fs:((2/f)-(1/fs));
x=cos(2*pi*f*t);
m=0.5;
opt=-1/m;
y=modulate(x,fc,fs,'amdsb-tc',opt);
subplot(221);plot(x);title('modulating signal')
subplot(222);plot(y);title('DSB-C signal - time domain,m=0.5')
m=1;
opt=-1/m;
y=modulate(x,fc,fs,'amdsb-tc',opt);
subplot(223);plot(y);title('DSB-C signal - time domain,m=1')
m=1.5;
opt=-1/m;
y=modulate(x,fc,fs,'amdsb-tc',opt);
subplot(224);plot(y);title('DSB-C signal - time domain,m=1.5')
Result: For various Modulation Index the Amplitude Modulation is Verified.

EXPT. NO: 2

• APPLICATIONS: DSB-SC transmission is a special case of

double-sideband reduced HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-
sideband_reduced_carrier_transmission" HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-
sideband_reduced_carrier_transmission"carrier HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-
sideband_reduced_carrier_transmission" HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-
sideband_reduced_carrier_transmission"transmission. It is used for radio
HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Data_System"
HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Data_System"data
HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Data_System"
HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Data_System"systems

EXPERIMENT NO: 2
DSB-SC MODULATION & DETECTION

AIM:

AM Modulation using MATLAB Software.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

• Computer

• MATLAB software

PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
fm=1000;
fc=100000;
fs=10*fc;
t=0:1/fs:((2/fm)-(1/fs));
a=1;
x=cos(2*pi*fm*t);
x1=sin(2*pi*fm*t);
c=a*cos(2*pi*fc*t);
c1=a*sin(2*pi*fc*t);
y1=a*(1+x).*c;%DSB-C
y2=x.*c;%DSBSC
y3=y2+x1.*c1; %SSB
subplot(221);plot(x);title('modulating signal-time domain')
subplot(222);plot(y1);title('DSB-C signal - time domain')
subplot(223);plot(y2);title('DSBSC signal - time domain')
subplot(224);plot(y3);title('SSB signal - time domain')

• APPLICATIONS:
In radio communications, single-sideband modulation
(SSB) or single- sideband suppressed-carrier modulation
(SSB-SC) is a refinement
of amplitude HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_modulation"modulation
HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_modulation"
which
uses transmitter HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power"power HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power" and bandwidth
HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)" more
efficiently.
 AIM:
Matlab program for modulation and demodulation of DSBSC and SSB using
MATLAB Software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
• Computer
• MATLAB
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
f=200;
fc=2000;
fs=10000;
t=0:1/fs:((2/f)-(1/fs));
%t1=0:1/fs:((4/f)-(1/fs));
a=1;
x=cos(2*pi*f*t);
x1=sin(2*pi*f*t);
c=a*cos(2*pi*fc*t);
c1=a*sin(2*pi*fc*t);
y2=x.*c; %DSBSC
y3=y2+x1.*c1; %SSB
x01=demod(y2,fc,fs,'amdsb-sc');
x02=demod(y3,fc,fs,'amssb');
subplot(511);plot(x);title('modulating signal')
subplot(512);plot(y3);title('SSB signal - time domain')
subplot(513);plot(y2);title('DSBSC signal - time domain')
subplot(514);plot(x01);title('recovery from DSBSC - time domain')
subplot(515);plot(x02);title('recovery from SSB - time domain')

.
 APPLICATIONS:
Frequency modulation is widely used for FM H Y P E R L I N K
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcast
ing" HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcasting"radio
HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcasting"
HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting"broadcasting. It
is also used in telemetry, radar, seismic prospecting,
and monitoring newborns HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newborn" for seizures

via EEG, two-way H Y P E R L I N K

"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-way_radio"
HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-way_radio"radio
HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-way_radio" systems,
music H Y P E R L I N K
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_synthesis"
HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_synthesis"synthesis,
magnetic tape-recording systems and some video-transmission systems

EXPERIMENT NO: 4
FREQUENCY MODULATION & DEMODULATION

AIM:
Matlab program for modulation and demodulation of DSBSC and SSBusing MATLAB
Software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
• Computer
• MATLAB
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
f=200;
fc=2000;
fs=10000;
t=0:1/fs:((2/f)-(1/fs));
%t1=0:1/fs:((4/f)-(1/fs));
a=1;
x=cos(2*pi*f*t);
x1=sin(2*pi*f*t);
c=a*cos(2*pi*fc*t);
c1=a*sin(2*pi*fc*t);
y2=x.*c; %DSBSC
y3=y2+x1.*c1; %SSB
x01=demod(y2,fc,fs,'amdsb-sc');
x02=demod(y3,fc,fs,'amssb');
subplot(511);plot(x);title('modulating signal')
subplot(512);plot(y3);title('SSB signal - time domain')
subplot(513);plot(y2);title('DSBSC signal - time domain')
subplot(514);plot(x01);title('recovery from DSBSC - time domain')
subplot(515);plot(x02);title('recovery from SSB - time domain')

AIM:
Matlab program for modulation and demodulation of DSBSC and SSBusing a
MATLAB Software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
• Computer
• MATLAB
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
f=200;
fc=2000;
fs=10000;
t=0:1/fs:((2/f)-(1/fs));
%t1=0:1/fs:((4/f)-(1/fs));
a=1;
x=cos(2*pi*f*t);
x1=sin(2*pi*f*t);
c=a*cos(2*pi*fc*t);
c1=a*sin(2*pi*fc*t);
y2=x.*c; %DSBSC
 y3=y2+x1.*c1; %SSB
x01=demod(y2,fc,fs,'amdsb-sc');
x02=demod(y3,fc,fs,'amssb');
subplot(511);plot(x);title('modulating signal')
subplot(512);plot(y3);title('SSB signal - time domain')
subplot(513);plot(y2);title('DSBSC signal - time domain')
subplot(514);plot(x01);title('recovery from DSBSC - time domain')
subplot(515);plot(x02);title('recovery from SSB - time domain')

EXPERIMENT NO: 7
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING

AIM:
Program for FM modulation and demodulation using MATLAB Software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
• Computer
• MATLAB
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
fm=200;
fc=10000;
fs=10*fc;
t=0:(1/fs):((2/fm)-(1/fs));
x1=cos(2*pi*fm*t);
kf=2*pi*(fc/fs)*(1/max(max(x1)));
kf=kf*(fm/fc);
opt=10*kf;
y1=modulate(x1,fc,fs,'fm',opt);
x1_recover=demod(y1,fc,fs,'fm',opt);
subplot(311);plot(x1);title('message signal in time domain-fs=10fc')
subplot(312);plot(y1);title('FM signal in time domain-fm=200,fc=10000,dev=10fm')
subplot(313);plot(x1_recover);title('recovered message signal in time domain-dev=10fm')
 AIM: Phase modulation and demodulation.

APPARATUS/SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
• Pc with windows (95/98/XP/NT/2000)
• MATLAB Software

PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
fm=200;
fc=10000;
n=input('enter the value of n');
fs=10*fc;
t=0:(1/fs):((2/fm)-(1/fs));
x1=cos(2*pi*fm*t);
kp=pi/max(max(x1));
opt =kp/n;
y1=modulate(x1,fc,fs,'pm',opt);
x1_recovered=demod(y1,fc,fs,'pm',opt);
subplot(311);plot(x1);title('message signal in time domain')
subplot(312);plot(y1);title('PM signal in time domain, fc=10000,dev=pi/6')
subplot(313);plot(x1_recovered);title('recovered message signal in time domain, fc=10000,dev=pi/6')