Theme 2: IoT-Based Smart Parking System

The world population is frequently migrating from rural to urban areas, increasing the population
density of large cities than ever before. According to the United Nations Population Division, two-thirds
of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050. On a practical level, the global urban
infrastructure required to advance technology to meet the smart city’s demands. In this regard, the
advancement in sensors technology and sensors networks technology presents anew governance model
to build, deploy, and promote sustainable development systems to address escalating urbanization
challenges [1]. Sustainable Urban Mobility and reducing traffic congestion are some of the most critical
challenges of urban development especially in case of limited availability of parking space [2]. With the
growth of technology, the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) and deep learning can be used in the
planning of Smart cities which can gradually tackle urban mobility problems and can also help to provide
a sustainable infrastructure economically, ecologically, and socially to the citizens [3]. At present, many
intelligent systems mostly in the form of mobile applications help drivers by reporting traffic jams, road
conditions, accidents, and alternative routes. However, due to a large number of vehicles active on
roads, parking is still a tedious task. As indicated by [4], drivers waste liters of gas simply trying to find
parking. Normally, 30% of traffic congestion is caused while searching for an available parking space. As
conferred in [5], on average drivers waste 3.5 to 14 min to find a free parking spot. Besides, it also
causes driver frustration, traffic congestion, fuel consumption, and air pollution, and all these factors act
as challenges for sustainable development. In this specific circumstance, knowing ahead of time about
the available parking spots can mitigate this issue. The use of deep learning techniques with the
integration of IoT can ameliorate this problem by predicting the parking occupancy and availability with
great precision [6].

Different techniques have been proposed by various researchers for different types of data collected in
the literature to solve this problem. In existing works mostly researchers used machine learning
techniques and time-series models to calculate the occupancy of parking places and time duration from
the data collected from sensors [7]. Due to the continuous increase in sensor data, the traditional
decision support systems cannot provide the performance like the deep neural networks, because deep
neural networks can estimate any non-linear and linear functions with copious samples. Relatively, the
traditional decision support systems require the selection of the right features or kernel [8].
Subsequently, deep learning techniques can be utilized for the prediction of occupancy, especially for
feed-forward networks. Nevertheless, any simple deep feed-forward networks cannot integrate
temporal domain information, which is essential for parking prediction especially in case of duration
problems [9]. A recurrent neural network (RNN) [10] is a type of neural network that utilizes the
sequential nature of its input. RNN is generally applied to many time-dependent tasks such as text
prediction, point of sale tagging, and electricity consumption. All of these problems have time-
dependent input. That is, the estimation of an event relies upon the events which show up previously.
Parking occupancy and duration of occupancy both are time-series problems [12]. The occurrence of
every parking event is highly dependent on the time of the day, the end time of the last event [13] and
crowed sensing [14]. Hence, RNN can be used for the prediction of the occupancy of parking space and
time duration.

In this paper, it propose a framework that aims to predict the availability of parking for the given city
parking. Our proposed system uses a deep long short term memory (DLSTM) network [15], a deep
learning model, and also integrates the data gathered from different sources of information through the
internet of things. To train our model, the main dataset we used is the Birmingham Parking dataset. To
validate our model, different performance evaluation techniques were used to estimate the availability
of parking space at a given time at parking slot [16]. The proposed smart parking systems will save the
searching time to locate a free parking space. It helps to save energy consumption by reducing the
searching time of free parking space availability [17]. It also reduces traffic congestion by efficiently
providing the information about the availability of parking space. The day-wise, parking lot, and hour-
wise prediction of parking space availability will facilitate the drivers to schedule their drive while
considering the availability of parking slots at a particular parking location on a certain day and specific
time [18]. For over all this paper presents the impact of IoT-Based Smart Parking System, this paper
aimed to support some establishments to possess a good parking system, through the use of Internet of
things (IoT) that will probably help some establishments enhance on the services they offer, in terms of
improving their customer’s parking lot, in that way it could make the processing time shorter, and more
efficient for the people [19]. By the use of smart phones and computers with the help of data
connection or Wi-Fi. By doing so, some parking spaces will be more organized and fast. In that way, it
can lessen some challenges that the vehicle owners struggle every time they park [20].

Elmer R Magsino (2020)

Centralized smart parking and insurance applications for intelligent vehicles in a smart city utilizing the
cloud computing paradigm

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=Iot-
based+smart+parking+system+in+Philippines+&hl=tl&as_sdt=0,5&as_ylo=2014&as_yhi=2024#d=gs_qab
s&t=1707716988123&u=%23p%3DbycqTQaEr94J

Abdul Ghaffar U Tagolanao, Hashim Monir M Ambia, Cristina P Dadula. (et al. 2021)

Development of an Automatic Data-centered Parking Space Occupancy Detection with Vehicle License
Plate Web-Based Monitoring
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=Iot-
based+smart+parking+system+in+Philippines+&hl=tl&as_sdt=0,5&as_ylo=2014&as_yhi=2024#d=gs_qab
s&t=1707717074270&u=%23p%3Dt0iVMRsa2UMJ

Jerome Daniel P Navarro, Radyn Matthew H Punla, Luisito L Agustin. (et al. 2023)

Implementation of an IoT-Based Car Park Availability Monitoring System

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=Iot-
based+smart+parking+system+in+Philippines+&hl=tl&as_sdt=0,5&as_ylo=2014&as_yhi=2024#d=gs_qab
s&t=1707717131452&u=%23p%3D55EYCKXn8r4J

Mathias Gabriel Diaz Ogás, Ramon Fabregat, Silvana Aciar. (et al. 2020)

Survey of smart parking systems

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tl&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2014&as_yhi=2024&q=Iot-
based+smart+parking+system+in+Philippines+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1707711058147&u=%23p
%3DfVrDFe7jKX8J

Cheska C Abarro, Angela C Caliwag, Erick C Valverde, Wansu Lim, Martin Maier. (et al 2022)

Implementation of IoT-Based Low-Delay Smart Streetlight Monitoring System

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tl&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2014&as_yhi=2024&q=Iot-
based+smart+parking+system+in+Philippines+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1707711028435&u=%23p
%3DrWlu1CYdUAIJ

Mohd Azlan Abu, Muhamad Farhan Mohamad Jalil, Aizat Faiz Ramli, Hafiz Basarudin, Mohamad Ismail
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Smart parking systems by using espresso lite 2.0

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tl&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2014&as_yhi=2024&q=Iot-
based+smart+parking+system+in+Philippines+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1707711003830&u=%23p
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tl&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2014&as_yhi=2024&q=Iot-
based+smart+parking+system+in+Philippines+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1707710976537&u=%23p
%3D4AWnyERaaMUJ

John Rovic M Brillantes, Jerome V Francisco, Donato Gaddiel P Veluz, Lemmuel M Villaruel. (et al. 2021)

PARKING BOY: A MOBILE-BASED PARKING BOOKING SYSTEM

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tl&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2014&as_yhi=2024&q=Iot-
based+smart+parking+system+in+Philippines+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1707717470033&u=%23p
%3DghNxuSVhgUEJ

Clifford T Bascon, Ervin M Sampang, Bryan O Asmad. (et al. 2021)

Systemizing Parking Area Using loT

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tl&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2014&as_yhi=2024&q=Iot-
based+smart+parking+system+in+Philippines+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1707717558016&u=%23p
%3DoWLLbOuNwfwJ

Carl Benedict G Tan, Joshua Kyle B Paragas, Jan Ronin P Lozano, Charles G Juarizo, Carlos Dale G
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IoT-Based Smart Parking Management System

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tl&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2014&as_yhi=2024&q=Iot-
based+smart+parking+system+in+Philippines+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1707717696432&u=%23p
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Ghulam Ali, Tariq Ali, Muhammad Irfan,Umar Draz, Muhammad Sohail, Adam Glowacz, Maciej Sulowicz,
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loT Based Smart Parking System Using Deep Long Short Memory Network

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/10/1696
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(et al. 2017)

PSPS: An IoT based predictive smart parking system

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=Iot-
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An IoT based smart parking system using LoRa

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=Iot-
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SS Thorat, M Ashwini, Akanksha Kelshikar, Sneha Londhe, Mamta Choudhary. (et al. 2017)

IoT based smart parking system using rfid

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=Iot-
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Mohd Mustari Syafiq Ismail, Muzammil Jusoh, Thennarasan Sabapathy, Mohamed Nasrun Osman,
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IoT-based smart parking system for sporting event management

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Saidur Rahman, Poly Bhoumik. (2019)

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