IELTS Vocabulary pdf

Posted on May 13, 2023 by ieltsworldly

Academic Word List for IELTS Exam

Preparation
IELTS Vocabulary pdf

The Academic Word List (AWL) was released in the year 2000 by
Averil Coxhead from the School of Linguistics and Applied Language
Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. The list
contains 570 word families which were selected by analysing a
corpus of millions of words from over 400 academic texts . Words
were taken from 28 different academic subject areas within the
disciplines of Arts, Commerce, Law and Science, so they are relevant
for all areas of academic study ( IELTS Academic and IELTS General
Training ).

Study the following vocabulary words for

IELTS to achieve your desired score ( IELTS
band score 7 to 8+ ):
N0. Word Meaning
1 abandon to give up, discontinue, or desert
2 access the ability to enter, use, or retrieve information
3 accumulate to gather or collect over time
4 acknowledge to recognize or admit the existence or truth of
5 adequate sufficient, satisfactory, or suitable
6 administrate to manage or oversee
7 affect to influence or have an impact on
8 albeit although, even though
9 alternative an option or choice other than the usual one
10 analogy a comparison between two things for clarification
11 anticipate to expect or foresee
:
 12 appreciate to value or recognize the worth of something
13 approximate roughly estimate or be close in value or character
14 abstract not concrete or specific; theoretical or conceptual
15 accommodate to provide space or lodging for
16 accurate precise, correct, or exact
17 acquire to gain or obtain
18 adjacent neighboring or next to
19 adult a person who is fully grown or mature
20 aggregate to gather or collect into a whole

21 allocate to distribute or assign

22 ambiguous having multiple possible meanings or interpretations
23 analyse to examine or study in detail
24 apparent clearly visible or obvious
25 approach a method or way of doing something
26 arbitrary based on random choice or personal whim
27 academy an educational institution or learned society
28 accompany to go along with or be associated with
29 achieve to successfully accomplish or reach a goal
30 adapt to adjust or modify for a different purpose or use
31 adjust to alter or change for better fit or function
32 advocate to support or argue for
33 aid assistance or help provided
34 alter to change or modify
to make revisions or corrections
35 amend

36 annual happening once a year

37 append to add or attach
38 appropriate suitable or fitting
39 area a particular region or space
40 abandon to give up, relinquish, or discontinue
41 spect to look or observe
42 assign to allocate or designate
43 assure to guarantee or provide confidence
44 attitude a person’s outlook or perspective
45 authority power or control over others
46 aware conscious or cognizant of something
47 bias a tendency or inclination towards a particular viewpoint
:
 48 bulk the majority or main portion
49 category a classification or grouping
50 channel a medium or pathway for communication or distribution
51 chemical relating to substances and their properties
52 civil related to citizens or civil matters
53 clause a distinct provision or section in a legal document
54 coincide to happen at the same time or occupy the same position
55 commence to begin or start
56 commit to pledge or dedicate oneself to something
57 community a group of people with common interests or characteristics
58 compile to gather or collect information or data
59 component a part or element that makes up a whole
60 comprise to consist of or include
61 concentrate to focus or direct one’s attention
62 concurrent happening or existing at the same time
63 confine to limit or restrict within boundaries
64 conform to comply with or adhere to
65 considerable significant or noteworthy
66 constitute to form or make up
67 consult to seek advice or guidance
68 contemporary modern or current
69 abandon to give up or discontinue
70 contradict to express the opposite or deny the truth of
71 contribute to give or provide something as a part of a whole
72 assemble to gather or fit together
73 assist to help or support
74 attach to connect or fasten
75 attribute to ascribe or assign a characteristic or quality to

76 automate to make a process or task automatic

77 behalf representing or acting in the interest of

78 bond a connection or link
79 capable having the ability or skill to do something
80 cease to stop or come to an end
81 chapter a section or division of a larger work
82 circumstance a condition or fact that affects a situation
83 clarify to make clear or understandable
84 code a system of rules or principles
:
 85 collapse to fall down or fail
86 comment an expression of opinion or remark
87 commodity a product or item that is bought or sold
88 compatible able to exist or work together harmoniously
89 complement something that completes or enhances
90 compound a mixture or combination of elements
91 compute to calculate or determine
92 concept an abstract idea or general notion

93 conduct to carry out or perform

94 confirm to verify or establish the truth of
95 consent permission or agreement
96 consist to be composed or made up of
97 constrain to restrict or limit
98 consume to use up or devour
99 context the circumstances or setting surrounding something
100 constrain to limit or restrict
101 consume to use up or devour
102 context the circumstances or setting in which something exists or occurs
103 contrary opposite or contradictory
104 controversy a heated argument or disagreement
105 assess to evaluate or examine
106 assume to suppose or take on
107 attain to achieve or reach
108 author a writer or creator of a work
109 available accessible or obtainable

110 benefit an advantage or positive outcome

111 brief concise or short in duration

112 capacity the ability to hold or contain
113 challenge a difficult task or problem
114 chart a visual representation of data or information
115 cite to quote or reference
116 classic traditional or exemplary
117 coherent logically connected or consistent
118 colleague a coworker or associate
119 commission a formal request or assignment
120 communicate to convey or exchange information
121 compensate to make up for or offset
:
 122 complex intricate or complicated
123 comprehensive complete or inclusive
124 conceive to imagine or form a concept
125 conclude to reach a decision or inference
126 confer to consult or discuss
127 conflict a disagreement or clash
128 consequent resulting or following as a consequence
129 constant unchanging or consistent
130 construct to build or create
131 contact to get in touch with or communicate with
132 contract a formal agreement or legal document
133 contrast a difference or distinction
134 convene to assemble or gather
135 assess Evaluate or appraise something systematically
136 assume Take on a belief or supposition without evidence
137 attain Achieve or reach a goal or objective
138 author The writer or creator of a literary work or document
139 available Accessible or obtainable; able to be used or obtained
140 benefit An advantage or positive outcome
141 brief Concise or short in duration; give instructions or information
142 capacity
The maximum amount that something can hold or produce

143 challenge A difficult task or problem that requires effort to overcome

144 chart A visual representation of data or information
145 cite Quote or refer to a source of information or evidence
146 classic Something that is considered of enduring significance
147 coherent Clear and logical in expression or organization
148 colleague A person with whom one works, typically in a professional setting
149 commission A group of people appointed to perform a specific task
150 communicate Share or exchange information or ideas
151 compensate Make up for a loss or offset a disadvantage
152 complex Consisting of many interconnected parts; intricate
153 comprehensive Thorough and complete; covering all aspects
154 conceive Formulate or develop an idea or concept
155 conclude Arrive at a judgment or decision based on evidence or reasoning
156 confer Grant or bestow something, often as an honor or privilege
157 conflict A disagreement or clash between opposing forces or ideas
158 consequent Following as a result or outcome of something
:
 159 constant Unchanging or remaining the same over time
160 construct Build or create something systematically or with care
161 contact Get in touch or communicate with someone
162 contract A legally binding agreement between parties
163 contrast Highlight the differences between two or more things
164 convene Bring people or things together for a meeting or assembly

165 converse To engage in conversation or discussion

166 cooperate To work together or collaborate
167 corporate Relating to a corporation or business entity
168 create To bring into existence or make
169 crucial Extremely important or essential
170 cycle A series of events or actions that repeat
171 decade A period of ten years
172 define To explain the meaning of something
173 denote To indicate or be a sign of
174 derive To obtain or receive from a source
175 detect To discover or identify
176 devote To dedicate or commit to a purpose
177 diminish To decrease or make smaller
178 displace To take the place of or replace
179 distinct Clearly different or separate
180 diverse Varied or showing a range of differences
181 domestic Relating to the home or one’s own country
182 drama A genre of literature or performance
183 economy The system or management of resources
184 eliminate To remove or get rid of
185 empirical Based on observation or experience
186 energy The capacity for doing work or producing heat
187 enormous Very large or huge
188 environment The surroundings or conditions
189 equivalent Equal or having the same value
190 establish To set up or create
191 ethic Moral principles or values
192 eventual Ultimately or happening at a later time

193 exceed To go beyond or surpass

194 expand To increase in size or scope
195 coordinate to organize or arrange in a harmonious way
:
 196 correspond to be in agreement or match
197 credit recognition or acknowledgement of something
198 culture the customs, beliefs, and practices of a group or society
199 data facts, statistics, or information
200 decline to decrease or diminish in quantity or quality
201 definite clear, certain, or unambiguous
202 deny to declare something to be untrue or false
203 design to plan or create with a specific purpose
204 deviate to depart from a set course or standard
205 differentiate to distinguish or recognize differences
206 discrete individually separate or distinct
207 display to show or exhibit
208 distort to alter or misrepresent
209 document to record or provide written evidence
210 dominate to have control or influence over
211 duration the length or period of time something lasts
212 edit to make changes or corrections to
213 emerge to come forth or become visible
214 enable to make possible or facilitate
215 enforce to compel or ensure compliance
216 ensure to make certain or guarantee
217 equate to consider as equal or equivalent
218 erode to gradually wear away or deteriorate
219 estate a large area of land or property
220 ethnic relating to a particular cultural group or nationality
221 evident clear or obvious
222 exclude to keep out or not include
223 expert a person with extensive knowledge or skill
224 couple a pair or two items that are similar or related
225 criteria standards or principles used to evaluate or make judgments
226 currency the money used in a particular country or region

227 debate a discussion or argument on a particular topic

228 deduce to reach a conclusion through logical reasoning
229 demonstrate to show or prove something with evidence or examples
230 depress to make someone feel sad or down
231 despite in spite of; without being affected by
232 device a tool or instrument used for a specific purpose
:
 233 dimension a particular aspect or element of something
234 discriminate to make distinctions or treat people unfairly based on biases
235 dispose to get rid of or throw away something
236 distribute to give out or spread something among different people or places
237 domain an area of knowledge, activity, or control
238 draft a preliminary version or plan of something
239 dynamic characterized by constant change, activity, or progress
240 element a component or part of a larger whole
241 emphasis special importance or significance placed on something
242 encounter to come across or experience something unexpectedly
243 enhance to improve or increase the quality, value, or effectiveness of something
244 entity a distinct or independent being, organization, or concept
245 equip to provide with necessary resources or skills
246 error a mistake or incorrectness
247 estimate an approximate calculation or judgment
248 evaluate to assess or judge the value, quality, or significance of something
249 evolve to develop or change gradually over time
250 exhibit to display or show something publicly
251 explicit clear, specific, and leaving no room for doubt or confusion
252 External Relating to or coming from outside
253 Factor A contributing element or cause
254 Fee A payment for services or membership
255 Finance The management of money and investments
256 Fluctuate To change or vary irregularly
257 Formula A set of mathematical or scientific rules
258 Found To establish or create
259 Fund Money set aside for a specific purpose
260 Gender The classification of being male or female
261 Globe The Earth or a spherical object
262 Grant A sum of money given for a specific purpose
263 Hence Therefore or as a result
264 Hypothesis An assumption or theory to be tested
265 Ideology A system of beliefs or ideas
266 Image A visual representation or perception
267 Implement To put into effect or action
268 Imply To suggest or indicate indirectly
269 Incidence The frequency or occurrence of something
:
 270 Incorporate To include or combine as part of a whole
271 Individual Relating to a single person or thing
272 Infer To deduce or conclude from evidence
273 Inhibit To hinder or restrain

274 Injure To cause harm or injury

275 Insert To put or place something inside

276 Instance An occurrence or example
277 Integral Essential or necessary for completeness
278 Intelligence The ability to learn and understand
279 Intermediate In between or in the middle
280 Interval A period of time or space between events
281 export To send goods or services to another country
282 extract To remove or obtain from a source
283 feature A characteristic or prominent aspect
284 file A collection of documents or data
285 finite Having limits or bounds
286 focus To concentrate or direct attention
287 forthcoming Upcoming or about to happen
288 framework A structure or basic concept
289 fundamental Essential or central
290 generate To produce or create
291 goal An aim or objective
292 guarantee To assure or promise
293 hierarchy A system of ranking or organizing
294 identical Exactly the same or indistinguishable
295 ignorance Lack of knowledge or awareness
296 immigrate To move to a new country for residence
297 implicate To show involvement or connection
298 impose To establish or enforce
299 incline To have a tendency or preference
300 index A list or guide for reference
301 induce To bring about or cause
302 infrastructure Basic physical or organizational structures
303 initial First or beginning
304 innovate To introduce new ideas or methods
305 insight A deep understanding or realization
306 institute An organization or establishment
:
 307 integrate To combine or merge
308 intense Extremely strong or focused
309 internal Located within or relating to the inside
310 intervene To come between or interfere
311 expose To make something visible or known
312 facilitate To make an action or process easier or smoother
313 federal Relating to a central government or national authority
314 final Last or ultimate
315 flexible Able to change or adapt easily
316 format The arrangement or structure of something
317 foundation The basis or underlying principle
318 function Purpose or role
319 furthermore In addition; moreover
320 generation A group of individuals born and living around the same time
321 grade A level of quality or proficiency
322 guideline An instruction or principle that serves as a recommendation
323 highlight To emphasize or draw attention to
324 identify To recognize or establish the identity of something
325 illustrate To clarify or exemplify with examples
326 impact Influence or effect
327 implicit Implied or understood without being directly stated
328 incentive A motivating factor or reward
329 income Money earned or received from various sources
330 indicate To point out or suggest
331 inevitable Certain to happen; unavoidable
332 inherent Existing as a natural or essential quality
333 initiate To begin or introduce something
334 input Information or resources provided
335 inspect To examine closely or critically
336 instruct To give directions or commands
337 integrity The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles
338 interact To communicate or engage with others
339 interpret To explain or understand the meaning of
Belonging naturally; essential or inherent
340 intrinsic

341 invest to put money, time, or resources into something

342 involve to include or engage someone or something in an activity
343 item an individual thing or component within a larger group
:
 344 justify to provide a valid reason or explanation for something
345 layer a single thickness or level of something
346 legislate to make or enact laws
347 licence an official permission or authorization to do something
348 locate to find or discover the position or place of something
349 major significant or important in size, extent, or influence
350 margin the outer edge or boundary of something
351 mechanism a system or process designed to achieve a particular result
352 medical related to the field of medicine
353 method a systematic approach or procedure for doing something

354 minimal of the least possible amount, degree, or extent

355 ministry a department or organization responsible for a specific area
356 modify to make changes or alterations to something
357 mutual shared or experienced by two or more parties
358 neutral not favoring any side or position
359 norm a standard or typical pattern of behavior or outcome
360 notwithstanding despite or in spite of something
361 occur to happen or take place
362 obtain to acquire or get possession of something
363 ongoing continuing or in progress
364 outcome the result or consequence of an action or event
365 overlap to extend over or cover part of something
366 paradigm a typical example or model of something
367 parameter a factor or variable that determines the characteristics
368 passive not actively participating or taking action
369 period a length or duration of time
370 phase a distinct stage or step in a process
371 investigate To carry out a systematic examination or study
372 isolate To separate or set apart from others
373 job A piece of work or task
374 label A descriptive word or phrase used to identify something
375 lecture A formal talk or presentation on a specific topic
376 levy To impose or collect a tax or fee
377 likewise In the same way or manner
378 logic Reasoning or sound judgment based on principles
379 manipulate To handle or control in a skillful manner
380 mature Fully developed or grown-up
:
 381 media Means of mass communication, such as newspapers or TV
382 medium A means or channel of communication
383 migrate To move from one place to another
384 minimise To reduce or make as small as possible
385 minor Lesser in importance, size, or degree
386 monitor To observe, check, or keep track of something
387 negate To deny or nullify the effect of something
388 nevertheless In spite of that; however
389 normal Conforming to the usual or typical pattern
390 nuclear Relating to or involving atomic energy or weapons
391 obvious Easily seen, recognized, or understood
392 odd Unusual or strange
393 option A choice or alternative
394 output The amount or quantity produced or provided
395 overseas In or to a foreign country or place
396 paragraph A distinct section of a piece of writing
397 participate To take part in or be involved in something
398 perceive To become aware of or understand something
399 persist To continue firmly or obstinately in an action or belief
400 phenomenon A remarkable or significant occurrence or fact
401 invoke To cite or refer to as an authority or justification
402 issue A topic or problem under discussion or debate
403 journal A periodical publication containing research articles
404 labour Work, especially physical work done for wages
405 legal Relating to the law or governed by law
406 liberal Open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values
407 link To connect or bring together
408 maintain To keep in an existing state or condition
409 manual A book of instructions or guidelines
410 maximise To make as large or great as possible
411 mediate To intervene in a dispute to bring about a resolution
412 mental Relating to the mind or intellect
413 military Relating to the armed forces or warfare
414 minimum The least or smallest amount or quantity
415 mode A way or manner in which something occurs or is experienced
416 motive A reason or intention for doing something
417 network An interconnected system or group of people or organizations
:
 418 nonetheless However, nevertheless
419 notion A conception or belief about something
420 objective A goal or aim
421 occupy To take control or possession of
422 offset To counterbalance or compensate for
423 orient To align or position towards a particular direction
424 overall Considering or including everything
425 panel A group of people gathered for a specific purpose
426 parallel Occurring or existing at the same time or in a similar way
427 partner A person or organization that shares or is associated with another
428 percent A proportion or part per hundred
429 perspective A particular way of viewing things or a mental outlook
The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values,
430 philosophy
reason, etc.
431 physical relating to the body or material things
432 portion a part or share of something
433 potential having the capacity to develop or become something
434 precise exact, accurate, or clearly defined
435 preliminary introductory or preparatory
436 primary main, most important, or principal
437 principle a fundamental truth or law
438 proceed to continue or carry on with an action or process

439 prohibit to forbid or prevent something

440 proportion a comparative relationship between parts or quantities

441 psychology the study of the mind and behavior
442 purchase to buy or acquire something
443 quote to repeat or cite someone’s words or a price estimation
444 range a variety or extent of something
445 react to respond or behave in a particular way
446 regime a system of government or rule
447 regulate to control or direct by a set of rules or principles
448 relax to become less tense or anxious
449 reluctance unwillingness or hesitation to do something
450 require to need or demand something
451 resolve to find a solution or make a firm decision
452 restore to bring back to a previous condition or state
453 retain to keep or hold onto something
:
 454 reverse to change to the opposite or contrary direction
455 rigid stiff, inflexible, or strict
456 scenario a possible sequence or course of events
457 scope the extent or range of something
458 secure safe, protected, or free from danger or risk
459 sequence a particular order in which related events, facts, or objects occur
460 shift a change in position or direction
461 practitioner a person engaged in a specific profession
462 predict to foretell or estimate future events
463 presume to assume or suppose
464 prime main, principal, or of the highest importance
465 prior existing or occurring before something else
466 process a series of actions or steps
467 project a planned undertaking or task
468 prospect the possibility or likelihood of future success
469 publication the act of making information publicly available
470 pursue to actively follow or seek
471 radical extreme or drastic
472 ratio the quantitative relationship between two numbers or amounts
473 recover to regain or get back
474 region a particular area or part of a country
475 reinforce to strengthen or make more effective
476 release to set free or make available
477 rely to depend on or trust in
478 research systematic investigation to discover new knowledge or information
479 resource a source or supply that can be used to achieve a purpose
480 restrain to hold back or keep under control
481 reveal to make known or disclose
482 revise to review and make changes or improvements
483 role a part or function played by someone or something
484 schedule a plan or timetable
485 section a distinct part or division of something
486 seek to search for or try to obtain
487 series a number of things that are similar or related and come one after another
488 significant important or meaningful
489 pose to present or create
490 plus in addition to
:
 491 positive having a favorable or constructive attitude or outlook

492 policy a course of action adopted or pursued by an organization or government

493 precede to come before something in time, order, or position
494 predominant having greater strength, influence, or importance
495 previous existing or occurring before in time or order
496 principal most important or influential
497 priority a thing that is regarded as more important than others
498 professional relating to a particular profession or occupation
499 promote to further the progress or development of something
500 protocol a set of rules or guidelines for correct conduct or behavior
501 publish to make information available to the public

502 qualitative relating to the characteristics or qualities of something

503 random happening or chosen without any specific pattern or method

504 rational based on or in accordance with reason or logic
505 refine to improve or enhance by making small changes
506 register to officially record or enroll
507 reject to refuse to accept, believe, or consider
508 relevant closely connected or appropriate to the matter at hand
509 remove to take away or eliminate
510 reside to have one’s permanent home or place of abode
511 respond to react or answer in response to something
512 restrict to limit or control the actions or movement of something
513 revenue income, especially when of a company or organization
514 revolution a dramatic and wide-reaching change in conditions or structure
515 route a way or course taken in getting from one place to another
516 scheme a plan or program of action
517 sector a specific area or division within a larger system
518 select to carefully choose or pick out
519 sex the biological characteristics that distinguish male and female
520 similar having a resemblance in appearance or nature
521 simulate to imitate or reproduce
522 sole only or single
523 specific precise or particular
524 stable steady or unchanging
525 straightforward clear or direct
526 structure organization or arrangement
527 subordinate lower in rank or importance
:
 528 substitute replacement or alternative
529 sum total or amount
530 survey study or examination
531 sustain maintain or support
532 target goal or objective
533 technical relating to a specific field or subject
534 temporary not permanent or lasting
535 text written or printed material
536 thereby as a result or by that means
537 trace mark or evidence of something
538 transform change or convert
539 transport move or carry
540 ultimate final or eventual
541 undertake take on or assume
542 unique one of a kind or distinct

543 vary change or differ

544 via by way of or through

545 visible able to be seen or noticed
546 volume quantity or amount
547 whereas in contrast to or while
548 somewhat to some degree or extent
549 specify to clearly indicate or define
550 statistic numerical data or information
551 strategy a plan or approach to achieve a goal
552 style a particular manner or way of doing something
553 subsequent happening or coming after something else
554 successor a person or thing that follows or replaces another
555 summary a brief statement or overview
556 survive to continue to exist or live despite challenges or difficulties
557 symbol a visual representation or sign
558 task a piece of work or job to be done
559 technique a method or approach to accomplish something
560 tense a grammatical category indicating time
561 theme a central idea or subject
a statement or theory put forward as a premise to be proved or
562 thesis
maintained
563 tradition a long-established custom or belief
:
 564 transit the act or process of moving from one place to another
565 trend a general direction or pattern of change
566 undergo to experience or go through
567 uniform consistent in form, manner, or quality
568 utilise to make practical or effective use of
569 vehicle a means of conveying or transporting
570 violate to break or fail to comply with
571 vision the ability to see or imagine
572 voluntary done, given, or acting of one’s own free will
573 whereby by which; through which
574 so-called commonly referred to as
575 source origin or point of origin
576 sphere a particular field or area
577 status position or condition
578 stress pressure or strain
579 submit present or hand in
580 subsidy financial aid or support
581 sufficient enough or satisfactory
582 supplement addition or extra
583 suspend temporarily stop or delay
584 tape adhesive strip or ribbon
585 team group working together
586 technology scientific knowledge or tools
587 terminate bring to an end

588 theory explanation or principle

589 topic subject or theme

590 transfer move or convey
591 transmit send or communicate
592 trigger cause or initiate
593 underlie form the basis of
594 unify bring together or integrate
595 valid acceptable or legitimate
596 version edition or variation
597 virtual simulated or online
598 visual relating to sight or vision
599 welfare well-being or social support
600 widespread widely distributed or common
: