SUBJECT: DENTAL MATERIALS

Brought to you by Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College T.M.C.P. Unit

Basic Nature & Properties of Dental Materials:

Short Notes:
• Galvanic Corrosion. (2017) • Setting & Working time. (2008s)
• Type of Corrosion. (2018,16) • Spreadibility. (2012s)
• Hardness. (2019,2012,08,05s) • Adhesion & Cohesion. (2007,05, 08s) Surface
• Compressive Strength. (2012) tension. (2008s)
• Contact Angle(2012,13s,06) & Wettability • Self-life of dental materials.
(2006,14s) • Impact resistance.
• Tarnish & Corrosion. • Flexural Strength. (2012,12s)
(2015,14,08,12F,05s,06,13s,IA 14‘) How you can • Ductility & Malleability.(2015)
prevent it. (2003) • Dimensions of Color (Hue, Chroma & Value).
• Rheology. (2011) (2019,2014s,13s)
• Stress & Strain. (2019,2011,13s,2016) • Fluorescence & Metamerism
• Yield Strength. (2007) • Thermal conductivity & thermal
• Elastic & Visco-elastic. (2006,2016) diffusivity.(2003)
• Elastic limit & modulus of Elasticity. (2017,05,04) • Glass transition temperature. (2014,2016)
• Proportional limit. (2004,2016) • Flow. (2005s) how does it influence
• Flexibility & elasticity. (IA) manipulation of impression compound.
• Different type of Stress. (2002)
Long Question:
❖ Define tarnish & corrosion.Classify corrosion & discuss different types of corrosion &their relevance in
dentistry.(2019)
❖ Describe different types, mechanical properties related to dental materials. Enumerate different hardness testing
methods. [8+2] (2014)
❖ Define Adhesion. Describe different mechanism of Adhesion. (2014)

Introduction to Restoration, Luting & Pulp Therapy & Cavity Liner & Varnish:
Long Question:
❖ Enumerate different luting cements. Write in detail about anyone luting cement which has got adhesive properties.
(2016)
Short Notes:
• Cavity Liner & Base materials. (2018,06) • Cavity Varnishes. (IA)
• Difference: Cavity Liners & Cavity Varnish. • Pulp capping.
• Soft liners. (2008)
Dental Cements:
Short Notes:

• Pit & Fissure Sealants. (2018) • Advantages if GIC. (2005s)

• Classification of GIC. (2018) • Bonding mechanism of GIC. (2007)
• GIC – Type I. (2017) • Calcium Hydroxide Cement.
• Anti-caries cement. (2005,12F) • Poly acrylic acid. (IA)
• ASPA Cement/GIC. (2007,13s) • Esthetic filling materials. (IA)
• ZnOE Cement. (2019,2004) • Zn phosphate cement: Composition, properties,
• Luting Cement. (2008s) manipulation & setting reaction.

Long Questions :

2nd Year Q.B. by Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College T.M.C.P. Unit Page 1
 SUBJECT: DENTAL MATERIALS
Brought to you by Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College T.M.C.P. Unit

❖ Classify dental cements.Discuss in brief about composition,setting reaction,properties,and uses of resin modified
GIC.(2019)
❖ Classify dental cements according to functions. Write about setting reaction, composition, physical properties [2]
(2011), bonding mechanism [2] (2006) & manipulation of GIC. What are its merits & demerits. [2+4+4] (2013,07)
❖ Discuss the composition, setting reaction & manipulation of Zn-polycarboxylate cement. [3+7] (2012F)
❖ Enumerate different cements used in Dentistry. What are the indications of ZnOE cements? [3+3] (2007,05)
❖ Enumerate the bio-compatible dental cements with indication. Discuss the composition & properties of most
esthetically improved Dental cements. [3+6] (2008s)
❖ Define dental cement. Enumerate different types of cement & their uses. Describe setting reaction of GIC. [10]
(2012s)
❖ Enumerate various cements used in dentistry mentioning their specific uses. Discuss the composition & setting
reaction of Zn-phosphate cement. [6+4] (2005s)
❖ Enlist the cements used in dentistry stating their functions and uses. Which cement you consider best and why? [10]
(2005)
❖ State the various uses & setting mechanism of GIC. What is bonding mechanism with tooth structure? Name the
various modified GICs.
Dental Amalgam:
Short Notes:
• Mercury toxicity in dental practice. (2019) • Admixed Alloy. (2007)
• High copper amalgam. (2019) • Role of Silver & Tin in dental amalgam. (2005)
• Condensation procedure for dental amalgam. • Micro leakage. (2014s)
(2018) • Barnishing. (2014s)
• Trituration. (2014,12,13s) & Condensation. • Setting of Amalgam. (2002,13s,05s)
(2006) • Delayed expansion. (2013,2016)
• Creep. (2012) • Various requirements of dental amalgam alloy.
• Expansion of Amalgam. (2012F) (2003)
• Gamma-2 phase. (2011)
Long Question:
❖ Write the composition & setting reaction of silver amalgam. What are the advantage & disadvantage of silver
amalgam? [3+3+2+2] (2017)
❖ Classify Amalgam alloy. Describe function & each ingredient of Amalgam powders. Write in detail about high copper
alloy. [2+3+5] (2013)
❖ Difference between high and low copper alloys. [5] (2008)
❖ What is dental amalgam? What is mercury poisoning? What pre-cautions are necessary while handling mercury?
[2+2+4] (2012F) Advantages & Disadvantages of Amalgam. [6] (2012s)
❖ How Gamma-2 phase is form? How it is eliminated? [3+2+3] (2011)
❖ Classify amalgam powder. Elaborate the advantage of each of them. Write down a note on Polishing & finishing of
amalgam restoration. [3+3+4] (2018,11F)
❖ Write down the composition of a typical dental amalgam alloy stating briefly the role playing by each constituent.
What are the consequences of insufficient & excessive mercury on the amalgam restoration? [1+3+6] (2004)
Impression Materials:
1. Rigid Impression Materials:
Short Note:
• Green Stick Compound. (2016) • List rigid & flexible impression
• Fusion Temperature. (2013,07) materials. (2006)
• Kneading (wet). (2008,13) • Describe ideal properties & setting
• Glass transition temperature. reaction of Zinc oxide eugenol paste.
(2012,2016) (2011)
• Zinc oxide eugenol paste. (2013s) • Hysteresis. (2005)
• Water powder ratio. (2004)
• Co-efficient of thermal expansion. (IA)

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 SUBJECT: DENTAL MATERIALS
Brought to you by Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College T.M.C.P. Unit

Long Question:
❖ Describe the composition mechanism, setting, use & limitation of Zinc oxide eugenol paste. [3+5] (2005)
❖ Discuss in brief the composition, manipulation, ideal properties & uses of impression compound. [7] (2004)
❖ What is impression? Classification of impression. What is the commonly used secondary impression
material for complete denture with its limitations? [1+4+5] (2008s)
2. Elastic Impression Materials- Agar & Alginate:
Short Note:
• Duplicating Material. (2018,16) • What is colloid? Why agar is termed as
• Hydrocolloid. (2012,06,11feb, 08s) hydrocolloid? (2005s)
• Elastic & Visco-elastic. (2006) • Sol-gel transformation.
• Manipulation of Agar agar. (2012feb) • Handling & storage of alginate. (2005s)
• Duplicating Materials. (2011feb,08) • Ideal properties & setting reaction of
• Agar agar. (2011,12s) irreversible hydrocolloid. (2011)
• Syneresis & Imbibition. (2017,08s) • Describe the difference in setting of
agar & alginate. (2006)
Long Question:
❖ Discuss in brief the composition, setting reaction and uses of irreversible hydrocolloid impression
material. Write down different modifications of alginate impression materials with their justifications.
❖ Classify impression materials. Write the composition, setting reaction, use, types, advantages &
disadvantages of irreversible hydrocolloid. [3+7] (2013)
3. Elastomeric Impression Materials:
Short Note:
• Addition silicone. (2017,11) • What are elastomers? Use & main
• Rubber base impression materials. disadvantages of elastomers. [2+3]
(2006,11feb) (2003)
• Write in detail about elastomeric
impression materials. [7] (2015)
Long Question:
❖ Classify impression materials (2015). Mention the ideal requirement of impression materials. Discuss the
composition, setting reaction, advantages & disadvantages of Addition silicone. [3+3+5] (2008)
❖ Enumerate elastomeric impression materials. Composition, setting reaction, advantage & disadvantages of
addition silicone. [2+8] (2005s)
Gypsum:
Short Notes:
• Porosity in Gypsum. (2016) • Dry strength & wet strength of Plaster of Paris.
• Working time & setting time. (2016) (2002)
• Hygroscopic Expansion. (2017,15,12,06,13s,08s) • Impression plaster. (2014s)
• Classification of Gypsum products used in • Modification of Gypsum products. (2008s)
dentistry. (2005)
Long Question:
❖ What is Gypsum? Describe the calcination of Gypsum. What are the different types of Gypsum products used in
dentistry? What is the difference between alpha & beta hemihydrate particles? [1+3+3+3] (2011feb)
❖ Classify Gypsum products. What are their uses? [10] (2012)
❖ What are the factors controlling setting time of Gypsum products? How is the initial & final setting time measured in
Gypsum products? [3+4] (2013s) Role of modifiers in Gypsum products. (2014)
Model Cast & Die Materials:
Short Note:
• Die materials. (2019,2008,14s) • Electroformed die. (2011Feb.)
Long Question:

2nd Year Q.B. by Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College T.M.C.P. Unit Page 3
 SUBJECT: DENTAL MATERIALS
Brought to you by Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College T.M.C.P. Unit

❖ Enumerate different types of die materials with desirable properties. Discuss electroplated die. [2+3+5] (2012Feb,
12s)
❖ What is the difference between Model & Die? What are the different Model & die materials. Mention their
advantages & disadvantages. [2+4+4] (2005)
❖ What is Die? Ideal properties of Die materials. Mention the advantages & disadvantages. [1+4+5] (2008s)
Waxes in Dentistry:
Short Note:
• Difference between Base Plate wax & Sticky • Baseplate wax/ Modeling wax. (2011feb, 12feb,
Wax. (2018) 05,08s)
• Inlay wax. (2012feb,11,08) • Various sources of dental waxes. (2005)
• Sticky wax. (IA ’14)
Long Question:
❖ Enumerate different types of dental waxes and mention their uses. Discuss the components and role of individual
ingredients present in inlay wax.Write in brief about different types of inlay wax.(2019)
❖ Classify dental wax. Describe the composition, properties, manipulation & uses of Inlay Wax. [2+8] (2017)
❖ Classify dental wax. Discuss uses advantages & disadvantages of commonly used dental waxes. [10] (2012)
❖ Discuss the components & role of individual ingredients present in inlay wax. What are the thermal properties of inlay
wax? How will you prevent the distortion of inlay wax? [4+3+3] (2011feb)
❖ Write a note on dental waxes. [10] (2007)
❖ Discuss Inlay wax. (2005)
❖ Classify dental waxes according to their uses. What must be ideal properties of inlay wax? Discuss the manipulation of
inlay wax in direct & indirect technique. [3+7] (2004,13s)
Dental casting Investments:
Short Note:
• Casting Defect. (2017) • Setting & thermal expansion of Investment
• Phosphate Bonded investment materials. (2013) materials. (2004)
• Heat investment. (2013) • What are the uses of Investment materials?
• Investment materials. (2012) What is the role of Investment materials in
• Hygroscopic expansion with factors. compensating casting shrinkage of Gold alloy?
(2005s)
Long Question:
❖ Classify cast gold alloy. Write about the composition, properties and use of different cast gold alloy. (2018)
❖ Classify investment materials. Describe phosphate bonded investment materials. Discuss different types of expansion
in investment materials to compensate casting shrinkage. [2+3+3+2] (2016)
❖ Classify investment materials. Give an account of Gypsum bonded investment materials. [4+6] (2006)
❖ What do you mean by dental investment? Describe different types of Investment materials. What is sprue? [2+7+1]
(2008,14s)
Abrasion & Polishing:
Short Note:
• Abrasive & Polishing Agent. (2017,08,04) • Pumice Powder.
• Dental Abrasives. (2014s) • Rotary Cutting Instruments. (2006)
• Finishing & Polishing. (2013,06) • Dental cutting instrumentation. (2014)
• Dentifrices. (2007)
Casting Procedures:
Short Note:
• Annealing. (2019,2017,11,12,08,12Feb,2016) • Casting ring liner. (2013)
• Suck-back porosity. (2014s) • Zone of casting flame. (2008s)
• Pickling. (2014s) • Brumfield’s method of prevent casting
• Sprue. (2015,13,12s,12Feb) porosities. (IA)
• Porosity in dental casting. (2008,08s) • Casting Shrinkage. (2014)

2nd Year Q.B. by Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College T.M.C.P. Unit Page 4
 SUBJECT: DENTAL MATERIALS
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Long Question:
❖ What are the different types of Porosities seen in casting? How they are formed? How do you prevent such
porosities? [2+2+6] (2007)
Dental Casting Alloys:
Short Note:
• Casting Alloys. (2006) • Compare the properties of Nobel & Base metal
• Compare Cobalt Chromium Alloy with Gold Alloy. alloy.
(IA) • Grain Growth. (2007)
• Solid solution
Long Question:
❖ Classification of Dental Casting Alloy. Discuss the alloys for PFM (Porcelain fused to metal) restoration. [4+6] (2008)
❖ Classify dental casting Gold Alloys mentioning their composition, function of each component & use of each type.
[6+4] (2005)
❖ Write the composition of typical Gold alloy used in Dentistry. Enumerate briefly the role of each constituent? [4+6]
(2007,04)
❖ Give an account of direct filling gold. [10] (2006)
❖ Define casting. Describe different types of casting Gold Alloys. [2+8] (2014s)
❖ Enumerate various uses of Cast metal in Dentistry. Classify gold alloy for casting & discuss the properties of each type.
Heat treatment of Gold Alloy.
❖ Classify dental casting alloy. What are their desirable properties? Discuss the role of individual constituents of a
typical Gold Alloy in dental casting. [2+3+5] (2011)
❖ How metal ceramic bonding is done. Uses of different gold alloy. [4+3] (12s,13s)
Direct filling Gold:
Short Note:
• Dental Gold. (2012) • Cohesive & non-cohesive gold. (2005s)
Long Question:
❖ Give an account of direct filling gold. [10] (2008s)
Ceramics:
Short Note:
• Strength hardening of ceramics (2019) • Glazing. (2008s)
• Bonding of porcelain to metal. (2005) • Alumina core porcelain.
• Cermet. (2013,2016) • Mention various types of esthetic veneering
• All ceramic material. (2013s) materials.
• Ceramic bonding with metal. (2011 Feb,04)
Long Question:
❖ Classify ceramics used in dentistry. What are the common methods of strengthening dental porcelain? [4+3+3] (2018)
❖ Classify dental porcelain. Mention their uses, advantages & disadvantages. [10] (2012)
❖ Enumerate the different ceramics for all ceramic restoration. Describe the composition of feldspathic porcelain. What
factors contribute to the failure of the metal ceramic bond? [3+3+4] (2006)
❖ Discuss composition of conventional porcelain. Compare advantages & disadvantages of all ceramic & metal ceramic
restoration. [3+5] (2008s) Classify dental ceramics & state their uses.
Composite Resin & Bonding Agents:
Short Note:
• Acid etching. (2012,12Feb,11) • Coupling agents. (2007)
• Dentin bonding agent. (2017,13,08,11Feb,2016) • Composition of composite resin. (IA)
• Bonding of composite resin to tooth surface. • Mention the use of 37% H3PO4.
(2005) • Flowable composite resin. (2018,13s)
• Curing of Dental composite resin. (2004) • Space lattice. (2008s)
• Bonding agents. (2008) • HEMA. (2014)
• What are the esthetic filling materials? (2004)

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 SUBJECT: DENTAL MATERIALS
Brought to you by Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College T.M.C.P. Unit

• What is filled direct esthetic resin restorative (2005s)

materials? Describe acid etching technique. • Types of composite resin. (IA)
Long Question:
❖ Classify Composite resin. Describe the composition properties & uses of hybrid composite. Why acid etching is done.
[3+4+3] (2017)
❖ Define dental composite. Discussed its composition & polymerization mechanism. Write briefly on hybrid composite.
[2+4+4] (2011)
❖ Classify resin based on composite. According to particle size & write their uses accordingly. [5+5] (2007)
❖ What do you mean by composite? Write down the composition & functions of each ingredients present in composite
resin cement. What is fifth generation bonding agent? [2+6+2] (2014s)
❖ What are different esthetic materials? Classify composite resins. Describe the composite resin bond to tooth. (2013s)
Wrought Alloys:
Long Questions:
❖ Define alloy. What are the desirable properties of dental casting alloys? Write the composition & function of each
constituent of dental casting gold alloy. (2016)
Short Notes:
• Wrought metal alloys. (2013s)
• Stabilized stainless steel. (2011)
• 18-8 Stainless Steel. (2017,05s)

Brazing & Welding:

Short Note:
• Flux & Anti-flux. (2017,13) • Brazing. (2018,08)
• Soldering (2019,2015,11,13s, 12Feb) & Welding. • Soldering Flux. (2006)
(2019,2012)
Denture Resin & Polymers:
Short Note:
• Curing cycle of denture base resin (2019) • Porosity in acrylic resin & its prevention
• Denture liners (2019) (2012s,05s)
• Curing of Acrylic Denture. (2018) • Different types of denture base & uses. (2003)
• Special Tray Materials. (2018) • Co-polymer & its use. (2003)
• Polymerization Cycle. (2012feb) • Difference between cold & heat cure acrylic
• Polymerization reaction. (2011,12) resin. (2004)
• Auto-polymerization acrylic resin. (2008) • Dual cure. (2012s)
• Stages of monomer & polymer mixing. (2008) • Curing cycle of heat activated resin. (IA ’14)
• Polymers. (2007) • Separating media. (2013s)
• Crazing & Warpage & Distortion.
(2014,06,13s,2016)
Long Question:
❖ Enumerate the different types of denture base materials. Write the composition & polymerization reaction of heat
activated acrylic resin. Discuss the processing errors of heat activated resin. [2+4+4] (2017)
❖ What do you mean by PMNA based denture base resin? Mention the steps and stages of polymerization reaction of
dental resins. What is polymerization? [2+3+4+1] (2016)
❖ Define polymerization. Describe the polymerization reaction of heat activated denture base resins. Describe the
processing errors with heat activated resin. [2+4+4] (2013)
❖ Define polymerization. Describe the chemical stage of addition polymerization reaction. Mention the factor which
inhibits the reaction. [1+6+3] (2006,08s)

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 SUBJECT: DENTAL MATERIALS
Brought to you by Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College T.M.C.P. Unit

❖ Mention the different denture base materials. Describe the curing technique of acrylic resin denture base. [2+8]
(2005)
❖ Discuss the steps of addition polymerization. (2007)
❖ Processing errors encountered in heat activated acrylic resins. [10] (2008s)
Implant Materials:
Short Note:
• Titanium and titanium alloys in dentistry (2019) • Composition of Implant Material. (IA ’11)
• Implant materials. (2017,14s,13s) • Graft materials. (2014s)
Long Question:
❖ What is implant materials? What are different implant materials used in dentistry? Describe in detail most commonly
used dental material in dentistry. (2018)
❖ Enumerate the materials use for dental implant. Which material is most commonly use & why?
Miscellaneous:
Short Note:
• Surface treatments (2019) • Plastisols. (2007)
• Zirconia. (2018,17,16) • Plastomers. (2013)
• Gutta Percha. (2018,13,12s) • Chelation & Gelation. (2018,13)
• Periodontal pack. (2014s) • IRM. (2007)
• Bio-active & Bio-inert. (2008s) • Dentifrices. (2015)
• Bon-dong agitates. (2012s)

2nd Year Q.B. by Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College T.M.C.P. Unit Page 7