12.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
SOME BASICPRINCIPLES
AND TECHNIQUES

Chemistry Smart Booklet

Theory + NCERT MCQs + Topic Wise Practice
MCQs + NEET PYQs

1
2
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY SOME BASICPRINCIPLES AND
TECHNIQUES

Introduction

In this chapter, we shall discuss some basic principles and techniques of analysis needed
for understanding the formation and properties of organic compounds. Organic
compounds are essential for existence and maintenance of life on earth. These include
complex molecules like (DNA) which carry genetic information and proteins which is
building blocks of life. Organic compounds also play an important role in material used
in daily life such as cloths, fuel, dyes, and medicines etc.

Structural Representations of Organic Compounds

Structural Formulas

The Lewis structures can be simplified by representing the two electron covalent bonds
by a dash (–). In this representation, a single bond is represented by a single dash (–), a
double bond by a double dash (=) and a triple bond by a triple dash (≡). The lone pair on
an atom may or may not be shown. This representation is called structural formula.

Condensed Formulas

In this formula, the arrangement of atoms are shown but the bonds between may be
omitted and the number of identical groups attached to an atom are indicated by a
subscript.

3
Condensed Formulas

In this representation, the carbon and hydrogen atoms are not shown and the lines
between carbon-carbon bonds are shown in a zig-zag manner.

In cyclic compounds, the bond-line formulas may be given as follows:

Three-dimensional representation of organic molecules

The three-dimensional (3-D) structure of organic molecules can be represented on paper

by using certain conventions. In these formulae, the thick solid (or heavy) line or the
solid wedge indicates a bond lying above the plane of the paper and projecting towards
the observer while a dashed wedge is used to represent a bond lying below the plane of
the paper and projecting away from the observer.

4
Classification of Organic Compounds
On the basis of their structures, organic compounds are broadly classified as follows:

Open Chain Compounds

These compounds contain open chains of carbon atoms in their molecules. The carbon
chains may be either straight chains or branched chains. They are also called aliphatic
compounds.

Closed Chain or Ring Compounds

These compounds contain chains or rings of atoms in their molecules.

5
Alicyclic Compounds: These compounds contain a ring of three or more carbon atoms
in them. They resemble aliphatic compounds in many of their properties.

Aromatic Compounds: These have a cyclic system containing at last one benzene ring.
The parent member of the family is called benzene. Benzene has a homocyclic hexagonal
ring of six carbon atoms with three double bonds in the alternate positions.

Heterocyclic Compounds: In these compounds, the ring contains one or more atoms of
either nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur in addition to carbon atoms. The atom other than
carbon (such as N, O, S) present in the ring is called hetero atoms.

Functional Groups: An atom or group of atoms which largely determines the properties
of the organic compounds particularly the chemical properties.

Homologous Series: Homologous series may be defined as “a series of similarly

constituted compounds in which the members possess the same functional group and
have similar chemical characteristics”. The two consecutive members differ in their
molecular formula by –CH2– group.

6
 1. CH3OH - Methyl alcohol
2. C2H5OH - Ethyl alcohol
3. C3H7OH - Propyl alcohol
4. C4H9OH - Butyl alcohol
5. C5H11OH - Pentyl alcohol
6. C6H13OH - Hexyl alcohol

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

The term ‘nomenclature’ means the system of naming of organic compounds. There are
two systems of nomenclature:

1. Trivial or Common System

In this nomenclature, the names of organic compounds were assigned based on their
source of origin or certain properties. For instance, citric acid got its name from the source
(citrus fruits) from which it was first isolated. Formic acid was named so as it was first
obtained from red ant. In Latin ant word is formica.

2. IUPAC System of Nomenclature

A systematic method of naming has been developed and is known as the IUPAC
(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) system of nomenclature. In this
systematic nomenclature, the names are correlated with the structure such that the
reader or listener can deduce the structure from the name.

7
Summary-
1. Condensed Structural Formula: The structural formulae obtained by omitting some
or all the covalent bonds and by indicating the number of identical groups attached
to an atom by subscript is called condensed structural formula.
2. Bond-line Structural Formula: In this formula of organic compounds, carbon and
hydrogen atoms are not shown and line representing C –C bonds and drawn in zig-
zag fashion. The only atoms specifically written are those that are neither nor
hydrogen bonded to carbon.
3. Cyclic Compounds: These are compounds in which carbon atoms are joined in rings
i.e., they are closed chain compounds.
4. Aromatic Compounds: Benzene and its derivatives are called aromatic compounds.
5. Functional group: Functional group is an atom or group of atoms or reactive part of
the compound which determines physical and chemical properties of compounds.
6. Homologous Series: Homologous series is a series of compounds which has same
functional group same general formula and show gradation in physical and chemical
properties of compounds.
7. Isomerism: The phenomenon of existence of two or more compounds possessing the
same formula but different structural formula and different physical and chemical
properties are called isomerism.
8. Structural Isomerism: Compounds having the same molecular formula but different
structures are classified as structural isomers. Chain Isomerism: The isomers, which
differ in carbon atom chain, are called chain isomers and this phenomenon is called
chain isomerisms.
9. Position Isomerism: The isomers, which differ in position of substituent or functional
groups are called position isomers and this phenomenon is called position isomerism.
10. Functional Isomerism: Those isomers, which differ in functional groups are called
functional isomers and this phenomenon is called functional isomerism.
11. Metamerism: Those isomers, which differ in alkyl group attached with the di or tri
valent atom of functional group. These are called metamers and this phenomenon is
called metamerism.
12. Stereoisomerism: Those compounds that have the same composition and sequence
of covalent bond but differ in relative positions of their atoms or groups in space.
13. Free Radical: An atom or group of atoms containing odd unpaired electrons in
excited state is known as free radical.

8
 NCERT LINE BY LINE QUESTIONS
(1.) How many  and  bonds are present in the following molecule respectively? [Page: 335]
CH 2 = C = CHCH 3
(a.) 2, 9 (b.) 7, 3
(c.) 9, 2 (d.) 8, 2
(2.) Consider the following four compounds: [Page: 348]
(a.) I and II (b.) II and IV
(c.) II and III (d.) III and IV

(3.) Benzene and aniline both are liquids. Their mixture can be separated by [Page: 359]
(a.) using a funnel (b.) simple distillation
(c.) vacuum distillation (d.) none of these.

(4.) Which of the following statements is not correct for a nucleophile? [NEET‐2O15, Page: 351]
(a.) Ammonia is a nucleophile. (b.) Nucleophiles attack on lower e− density
sites.
(c.) Nucleophiles are not electron seeking. (d.) Nucleophile is a Lewis Acid.


(5.) Which of the following groups contains only electrophiles ? [Page: 351] (I) AIC13 ,SO3 , N O2 (II)
  •
N O, CH3 , CH3 − C = 0 (III) C2 H5− , C2 H5 , C2H 5 (IV) BF3 , NH3 ,H 2O
(a.) I, II and IV (b.) II and IV
(c.) I only (d.) I and II

(6.) Which of following statements is not correct? [Page: 352]

(a.) Carbocation posses sextet of electrons. (b.) The order of carbocation stability
  
CH3  ( CH3 )2 CH  ( CH3 )3 C
(c.) Carbocation has trigonal planar in shape (d.) Carbocation is formed by heterolytic
cleavage

(7.) The IUPAC name of the compound is [Page: 345]

(a.) 5‐amino‐2‐heptenoic acid (b.) 5‐amino hex‐2‐enecarboxylic acid
(c.) 3‐amino‐5‐heptenoic acid (d.) None of the above

(8.) Assertion (A): Sliver salt method is used to determine molecular mass of esters. Reason (R):
Silver salt of the organic acid on ignition gives Ag metal and thus from the weights of silver salt
taken and silver method, molecular mass of organic acid can be determined.
(a.) Both A and R are true and R is the correct (b.) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
(c.) A is true but R is false. (d.) Both A and R are false.

9
(9.) Which of the following carbocations is most stable ? [Page: 349]
 
(a.) CH3 C H 2 (b.) CH 2 = C H

C6H5

(c.) CH  C (d.)

(10.) In Duma’s method for estimation of nitrogen, 0.25 g of an organic compound gave 40 ml of
nitrogen collected at 300 K temperature and 725 mm pressure. If the aqueous tension at 300 K
is 25 mm, the percentage of nitrogen in the compound is [Page: 364]
(a.) 16.76 (b.) 15.76
(c.) 17.36 (d.) 18.20

(11.) The ascending order of stability of the carbanion CH3 ( P ) ,C6H5 CH 2 , ( Q ) , ( CH3 )2 CH ( R ) , and

CH 2 = CHCH 2 (S) is [HOT, Page: 35O]

(a.) P R SQ (b.) R  PSQ
(c.) R PQS (d.) PR QS

(12.) The IUPAC name of [Page: 344]

(a.) 2‐trichloromethyl propan‐2‐01 (b.) 2‐hydroxyl‐2‐trichloromethyl propane
(c.) 1, 1, 1‐trichloro‐2‐methy1 propane (d.) 2‐hydroxyl‐l, 1, 1‐trichloro‐2‐
methylpropane Practice Questions Framed
from IMCERT Text

(13.) Which of the following is a heterocyclic compound ? [Page: 339]

(a.) (b.)

(c.)
(d.)

(14.) The total number of contributing structures showing hyperconjugation (involving C‐H) bonds

for the following carbocation is [Page: 356]

(a.) 5 (b.) 6
(c.) 7 (d.) 8

(15.) The IUPAC name of the compound having the formula HC  C − CH = CH 2 is [Page: 346]
(a.) 1‐buty n‐3‐ene (b.) but‐l‐yne‐3‐ene

10
(c.) 1‐buten‐3‐yne (d.) 3‐buten‐l‐yne

(16.) In Lassainge’s test the sulphur present in organic compound is changed into [Page: 363]
(a.) Na 2SO3 (b.) CS2
(c.) Na 2SO 4 (d.) Na 2S

(17.) Which of the following is used for the detection of carbon and hydrogen ? [Page: 362]
(a.) CuO (b.) NaOH
(c.) CaCO3 (d.) CuCO3

(18.) The IUPAC name of the compound [NEET‐2017, Page: 343]

(a.) 5‐formylhex‐2‐en‐3‐one (b.) 5‐methyl‐4‐oxohex‐2‐en‐5‐al

(c.) 3‐keto‐2‐merhylhex‐5‐enal (d.) 3‐keto‐2‐methylhex‐4‐enal

(19.) 2‐bromobutane represents by which of the following formula? [Page: 342]

(a.) (b.)
(c.) H3C − CH 2CH 2CH 2Br

(d.)

(20.) The number of structural isomers possible from the molecular formula C3H 9 N is [Page: 348]
(a.) 2 (b.) 3
(c.) 4 (d.) 5

(21.) Assertion : During test for nitrogen with Lassaigne’s extract on adding FeC13 solution
sometimes a red ppt. is obtained. Reason: Sulphur is also present. [Page: 363]
(a.) Both A and R are true and R is the correct (b.) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
(c.) A is true but R is false. (d.) Both A and R are false.

(22.) Which of the following is not an electrophile} [Page: 351]

(a.) Cl + (b.) BH 3
(c.) NO+2 (d.) C2H5O−

(23.) Electronegativity of carbon atoms depends upon their state of hybridisation. In which of the
following compounds, the carbon mark with the star (*) is most electronegative? [NCERT

11
 * *
Exemplar, Page: 335] (i) CH3 − CH 2 − C H 2 − CH3 (ii) CH3 − C H = CH − CH3 (iii)
* *
CH3 − CH 2 − C  C H (iv) CH3 − CH 2 − CH = C H 2
(a.) Only (i) (b.) Only (iii)
(c.) (ii) and (iii) (d.) Only (iv)

(24.) The most suitable method for the separation of 1:1 mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols is
[NEET-2017]
(a.) Sublimation (b.) Chromatography
(c.) Crystallisation (d.) Steam distillation

(25.) Column I Column II [page: 349]

Column I Column II
( A ) Nucleophile only (P) R4 N


( B) Electrophile only (Q) R − N  C

( C ) Neither nucleophile nor electrophile ( R ) SO3
( D ) Both nucleophile and electrophile ( S) CH 2 = O
(a.) A →S, B →Q, C → P, D →R (b.) A → R, B →P, C →S, D → Q
(c.) A →P, B →S, C →R, D →Q (d.) A →Q, B →R,C →P, D →S

(26.) Which of following is an aromatic heterocyclic compound ? [Page: 340]

(a.) (b.)

(c.)

(d.)

(27.) Which compound was synthesised by F . Wohler from an inorganic compound ? [Page: 334]
(a.) Methane (b.) Urea
(c.) Ethanoic Acid (d.) Chloroform

(28.) Which statement is correct in paper chromatography ? . [Page: 361]

(a.) Moving phase is liquid and stationary (b.) Moving phase is liquid and stationary
phase is solid phase is liquid
(c.) Moving phase is solid and stationary (d.) Moving phase is solid and stationary
phase is solid phase is liquid

(29.) Assertion (A): Lassaigne’s test is not shown by diazonium salts. Reason (R): Diazonium salts
lose N 2 on hearing much before they have a choice to react with fused Na metal. [Page: 362]
(a.) Both A and R are true and R is the correct (b.) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
(c.) A is true but R is false. (d.) Both A and R are false.

12
(30.) Match Column I with Column II [Page: 341]
Column I Column II
Alkyl group Name
( A ) H 2C = CH — ( P ) Prop − 2 − enyl
( B ) HC  C — ( Q ) Prop − 1 − enyl
( C ) CH 2 = CHCH 2 — ( R ) Ethynyl
( D ) CH3CH = CH — (S) Ethenyl
(a.) A → P, B → S, C →R, D → Q (b.) A → S, B →P, C →R, D → Q
(c.) A → S, B →R, C → Q D → P (d.) A → S, B →R, C → P, D → Q

(31.) Kjeldahl’s method is not applicable to which of the following compounds ? [Page: 365]
(a.) Azo compounds (b.) Nitro compounds
(c.) Pyridine (d.) All of the above

(32.) How many chain isomers could be obtained from the alkane ? C6 H14 [Page: 348]
(a.) 4 (b.) 5
(c.) 6 (d.) 7

(33.) Assertion (A): The stability of alkyl carbocation decreases in the order of 3  2  1 Reason (R):
The ( + I) effect decreases as the distance between the alkyl group and the reaction site
increases. [Page: 352]
(a.) Both A and R are true and R is the correct (b.) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
(c.) A is true but R is false. (d.) Both A and R are false.

(34.) Purification of petroleum is carried out by [Page: 358]

(a.) Fractional distillation (b.) Simple distillation
(c.) Steam distillation (d.) None of the above

(35.) What is the shape of carbon in H 2C = O? [Page: 335]

(a.) Tetrahedral (b.) Trigonal planar
(c.) Bipyramidal (d.) None of these

(36.) The most stable species among the following is [Page: 349]
 
(a.) C H3 (b.) C H 2Br
 
(c.) C HBr2 (d.) C Br3

(37.) In the Lassaigne’s test for nitrogen in an organic compound, the Prussian Blue colour is
obtained due to the formation of [Page: 363]
(a.) Fe 4  Fe ( CN )6 
3
(b.) Na 4  Fe ( CN )6 

(c.) Fe 2  Fe ( CN )6  (d.) Fe3  Fe ( CN )6 

4

13
(38.) Which of the following does not represent 2‐chloropentane ? [Page: 336]

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)
(a.) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (b.) Only (ii)
(c.) (ii) and (iii) (d.) (iii) and (iv)

(39.) The violet colour is due to the formation of?

+
(a.)  Fe ( CN )5 NO  (b.)  Fe ( NO )5 CN 
3

(c.)  Fe ( CN )5 NOS (d.)  Fe ( CN )5 NOS

3 4

(40.) Which of the following compounds the carbon marked with star (*) is expected to have
greatest positive charge ? . [NCERT Exemplar, Page: 352]
* + *
(a.) C H3 − CH 2 − Mg C1− (b.) C H3 − CH 2 − Br
* *
(c.) C H3 − CH 2 − Cl (d.) C H3 − CH 2 − CH3

 
(41.) Assertion (A): The carbocation CF3 − C H 2 is less stable than C F3 . Reason (R): In case of
−CF3 group intensifies the + ve charge but in

CF3 − C H 2 the strongly electron withdrawing

case of C F3 , the lone pair of electrons on each of the three F‐atoms overlap with empty P‐orbital
of carbocation carbon thereby dispersing the ( + ve) charge. [Page: 355]
(a.) Both A and R are true and R is the correct (b.) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
(c.) A is true but R is false. (d.) Both A and R are false.

(42.) The total number of secondary hydrogen present in 3,3‐diethylpentane is [Page: 349]
(a.) 8 (b.) 9
(c.) 10 (d.) 12

(43.) Assertion (A): The IUPAC name of the compound C6H5COOCH 2CH 2COOH is 3‐
benzyloxypropionic acid. Reason (R): C6 H 5CH 2O group is called benzyloxy group. [Page: 334]
(a.) Both A and R are true and R is the correct (b.) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
(c.) A is true but R is false. (d.) Both A and R are false. Practice Questions
Framed from IMCERT Text

(44.) The most stable carbocation, among the following is [Odisha NEET‐2019, Page: 349]
 

(a.) ( CH3 )3 C − CH − CH3 (b.) CH3 − CH 2 − C H − CH 2 − CH3

14
  
(c.) CH3 − C H − CH 2 − CH 2 − CH3 (d.) CH3 − CH 2 − C H 2

(45.) The total number of position isomers in the formula C3H 6 Br2 is [Page: 348]
(a.) 3 (b.) 4
(c.) 5 (d.) 6

(46.) On complete combustion, 0.246 g of an organic compound gave 0.198 g of carbon dioxide and
0.1014 g of water. What is the % composition of carbon in the compound ? [Page: 364]
(a.) 44% (b.) 29.15%
(c.) 40% (d.) 21.95%

CH3 − CH = CH − CH 2 − C  CH
(47.) In the hydrocarbon the state of hybridisation of carbons 1, 3 and
6 5 4 3 2 1
5 is respectively ? . [QR code, Page: 335]
(a.) sp 2 ,sp,sp3 (b.) sp,sp3 ,sp 2
(c.) sp,sp 2 ,sp3 (d.) sp3 ,sp 2 ,sp

(48.) The number of isomers in C 4 H10O will be [Page: 348]

(a.) 7 (b.) 8
(c.) 5 (d.) 6

Column I Column II
( A ) Free radical ( P ) Trigonal planar
(49.) [NCERT Exemplar, Page: 350] ( B ) Carbocation ( Q ) pyramidal
( C ) Carbanion ( R ) Linear
( D) H − C  N (S) Trigonal bipyramidal
(a.) A →R, B → R, C →P, D →P (b.) A →P, B → P, C → Q, D → R
(c.) A → Q, B → Q, C → P, D → S (d.) A → P, B → Q C → R, D →S

(50.) Write the IUPAC name for CH 3CH 2 COOH. [Page: 345]
(a.) Ethyl Formic Acid (b.) Ethyl Carboxylic Acid
(c.) Ethane Methanoic Acid (d.) Propanoic Acid

15
 TOPIC WISE PRACTICE QUESTIONS
TOPIC 1: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
1. IUPAC name of following compound is:

(a) 2 - cyclohexylbutane (b) 2 - phenylbutane

(c) 3 - cyclohexylbutane (d) 3 - phenylbutane
2. IUPAC name of (CH3)3 CCl is
1) 1-butyl chloride 2) 3-chloro butane
3) 2-chloro-2-methylpropane 4) 2-butyl chloride
3. IUPAC name of the following compound

1) N, N-dimethylcyclopropane carboxamide 2) N-methylcyclopropanamide'

3) cyclopropionamide 4) None of these

4. Which of the following is a 3-methylbutyl group?

1) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2– 2) (CH3CH2)2CH–
3) (CH3)3CCH2– 4) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2–
5. The IUPAC name of the compound CH3 — CH(CH3) — CO – CH3, is
1) 3-methyl 2-butanone 2) 2-methyl 3-butanone
3) isopropyl methyl ketone 4) methyl isopropyl ketone

6. The IUPAC name of is”

1) 3-(Methylethyl) penetan-2-one 2) 3-(Methylethyl) penetan-4-one
3) 3-Ethyl-4-methylpentan-2-one 4) 3-Ethyl-2-methylpentan-4-one

7. The IUPAC name of is

1) 2-phenylpropan-3-al 2) formylethylbenzene
3) 2-phenylpropanal 4) ethylformylbenzene
8. The IUPAC name of HOOC—CH CH—COOH is:
1) But-2-ene-4-dicarboxylic acid 2) But-2-ene-1, 4-dioc acid
3) Ethene dicarboxylic acid 4) Ethene dioic acid
9. The IUPAC name for

16
 1) 1-Chloro-2-nitro-4-methyl benzene 2) 1-Chloro-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzene
3) 2-Chloro-1-nitro-5-methyl benzene 4) m-Nitro-p-chlorotoluene
10. What is the IUPAC name of the following compound ?

1) 6 – bromo – 4 – ethylbenzene carboxylic acid

2) 2 – bromo – 4 – ethylbenzene carboxylic acid
3) Ortho – bromo – paraethyl benzoic acid
4) 4 – bromo – 3 – ethyl benzoic acid
11. The correct IUPAC name of the following compound

is
1) 4 - methyl - 3 – ethylhexane 2) 3 - ethyl - 4 - methylhexane
3) 3, 4 – ethylmethylhexane 4) 4 - ethyl - 3 – methylhexane
12. Cyclohexadiene contains ___vinylic and ___ allylic hydrogen atoms?

1) 2 and 2 2) 4 and 4 3) 2 and 4 4) 4 and 2

13. Match Column-I (organic compound) with Column-II (common name of the compound) and choose the
correct option.
Column-I Column-II
(Organic compound) (Common name of compound)

14. The C – H bond distance is longest in

1) C2H6 2) C2H2 3) C2H2Br2 4) C2H4
15. The IUPAC name of the following compound is

17
 1) N – phenyl ethanamide 2) N – phenyl ethanone
3) N – phenyl methanamide 4) None of these
16. The IUPAC name of the compound CH3OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH3 is
1) 3-ethoxy-1-methoxypropane 2) 1-ethoxy-3-methoxypropane
3) 2, 5-dioxyhexane 4) ethoxypropane oxymethane
17. The IUPAC name of CH3COCH(CH3)2 is
1) 2-methyl-3-butanone 2) 4-methylisopropyl ketone
3) 3-methyl-2-butanone 4) isopropylmethyl ketone

18. IUPAC name of

1) But – 2–ene – 2, 3– diol 2) Pent – 2–ene – 2, 3 – diol
3) 2–methylbut –2– ene – 2, 3 – diol 4) Hex – 2– ene – 2, 3 – diol
19. IUPAC name of CH3 - CH = CH - C  CH is :
1) pent-2-ene-4-yne 2) pent-1-yne-3-ene 3) pent-3-ene-1-yne 4) none of these
20. The number of secondary hydrogens in 2, 2-dimethylbutaneis :
1) 8 2) 6 3) 4 4) 2
21. The general formula CnH2nO2 could be for open chain
1) carboxylic acids 2) diols 3) dialdehydes 4) diketones
22. The compound named trichloroethene is –
1) westron 2) perclene 3) westrosol 4) orlon
TOPIC 2: Isomerism in Organic Compounds
23. C6H5C  N and C6H5N = C are which type of isomers?
1) Position 2) Functional 3) Tautomerism 4) Linkage
24. Maleic acid and fumaric acids are
1) chain isomers 2) functional isomers 3) tautomers 4) geometrical isomers
25. During debromination of meso - dibromobutane,the major compound formed is
1) n - butane 2) 1 – butane 3) cis - 2 - butene 4) trans - 2 - butene
26. Which of the following is optically active?
1) n - Propanol 2) 2 – Chlorobutane 3) n - Butanol 4) 3 - Hydroxy pentane
27. Only two isomeric monochloro derivatives are possible for
a) n – butane 2) 2, 4 – dimethylpentane 3) benzene 4) 2 - methylbutane

28. The number of possible open chain (acyclic) isomeric compounds for molecular formula C5H10 would
be
1) 8 2) 7 3) 6 4) 5
29. The process of separation of a racemic modification into d and l-enantiomers is called
1) resolution 2) dehydration 3) revolution 4) dehydrohalogenation
30.

1) resonating structures 2) tautomers 3) geometrical isomers 4) optical isomers

31. Geometrical isomers differ in

18
 1) position of functional group. 2) position of atoms.
3) spatial arrangement of atoms. 4) length of carbon chain.
32. Number of chiral carbons in  − D − (+) − glucose is
1) five 2) six 3) three 4) four
33. Which one of the following pairs represents stereoisomerism?
1) Structural isomerism and geometrical isomerism
2) Optical isomerism and geometrical isomerism
3) Chain isomerism and rotational isomerism.
4) Linkage isomerism and geometrical isomerism
34. Which of the following will have a meso-isomer also?
1) 2, 3- Dichloropentane 2) 2, 3-Dichlorobutane
3) 2-Chlorobutane 4) 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
35. An aromatic compound of formula C7H7Cl has in all ....isomers :
1) 5 2) 2 3) 4 4) 3
36. How many optically active stereoisomers are possible for lactic acid ?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) 3
37. Keto-enol tautomerism is observed in :

38. The compound C4H10O can show

1) metamerism 2) functional isomerism
3) position isomerism 4) All of these
39. Which one of the following conformations of cyclohexane is chiral?
1) Boat 2) Twist boat 3) Rigid 4) Chair

TOPIC 3: Concepts of Reaction Mechanism in Organic Compounds and

Purification
40. Homolytic fission of C–C bond in ethane gives an intermediate in which carbon is
1) sp3-hybridised 2) sp2-hybridised 3) sp-hybridised 4) sp2d-hybridised
41. Among the following, the true property about

1) it is non-planar 2) its C+ is sp2-hybridized

3) an electrophile can attack on its C+ 4) it does not undergo hydrolysis
42. Hyperconjugation is most useful for stabilizing which of the following carbocations ?
1) neo-Pentyl 2) tert-Butyl 3) iso-Propyl 4) Ethyl
43. The order of stability of the following carbocations :

19
 1) III > II > I 2) II > III > I 3) I > II > III 4) III > I > II
44. In the following groups
-OAc -OMe
(I) (II)
-OSO2Me -OSO2CF3
(III) (IV)
the order of leaving group ability is
1) I > II > III > IV 2) IV > III > I > II 3) III > II > I > IV 4) II > III > IV > I
45. Most stable carbocation is
1) p—NO2—C6H4—CH2 2) C6 H5CH 2+
3) p − Cl − C6 H4 − CH+2 4) p − CH3O − C6 H4 − CH2+
46. The decreasing order of nucleophilicity among the nucleophiles

1) C, B, A, D 2) B, C, A, D 3) D, C, B, A 4) A, B, C, D
47. Decreasing order of reactivity towards nucleophilic addition to carbonyl group among cyclopentanone,
3-pentanone and n-pentanal is
1) 3-pentanone, cyclopentanone, n-pentanal. 2) n-pentanal, 3-pentanone, cyclopentanone.
3) n-pentanal, cyclopentanone, 3-pentanone. 4) cyclopentanone, 3-pentanone, n-pentanal.
48. Select the appropriate relation with respect to acidity of X, Y, Z for the given compound, with increasing
order.

1) Z > X > Y 2) Y > Z > X 3) Z < X > Y 4) X > Y > Z

49.
the reaction is not possible because

1) Nu- faces steric hinderance on attacking the leaving group.

2) electrons are delocalised in the benzene ring.
3) reaction is thermodynamically controlled.
4) C – X bond possesses a double bond character.

20
50. Select the most stable carbocation amongst the following

51. In which of the following pairs A is more stable than B?

52.

53. The increasing order of the boiling points for the following compounds is :
C 2 H 5OH C 2 H 5Cl C2 H5CH 3 C2 H 5OCH 3
( I) ( II ) ( III ) ( IV )
1) (III) < (IV) < (II) < (I) 2) (IV) < (III) < (I) < (II)
3) (II) < (III) < (IV) < (I) 4) (III) < (II) < (I) < (IV)
54. Which of the following compounds has most acidic hydrogen?

21
55. The increasing order of stability of the following free radicals is

56.

Identify most acidic hydrogen present in the above compound:

1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d
57. Out of the following compounds, which will have a zero dipole moment?
1) 1, 1-Dichloroethylene 2) cis-1, 2-Dichloroethylene
3) trans-1, 2-Dichloroethylene 4) None of these compounds

58.
Which statement is incorrect in respect of the above reaction?
1) Product is aromatic. 2) Product has high dipole moment.
3) Product has less resonance energy. 4) Product is soluble in polar solvent.
59. Which of the following represents a set of nucleophiles?
1) BF3, H2O, NH2– 2) AlCl3, BF3, NH3 3) CN–, RCH2–, ROH 4) All of these

60. The structure of H2C = C = CH2 is

1) linear 2) planar 3) non-planar 4) has several resonance structures
61. Which of the following will show aromatic behaviour ?

62. Which of the following reactions cannot proceed by SN1 mechanism ?

22
63. Ketene, CH2 = C = O , has
1) only sp2 hybridized carbon atom. 2) only sp hybridized carbon atom.
2
3) sp and sp hybridized carbon atoms. 4) sp2, sp and sp3 hybridized carbon atoms.
64. Which one of the following does not have sp2 hybridized carbon ?
1) Acetonitrile 2) Acetic acid 3) Acetone 4) Acetamide
65. How many p-bonds are present in naphthalene?
1) 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) 7
66. The shape of methyl carbanion is similar to that of –
1) BF3 2) NH3 3) methyl free radical 4) methyl carbocation
67. Which of the following represents the correct order of stability of the given carbocations ?

68. Which one of the following is most reactive towards electrophilic reagent?

69.

The correct order of heats of combustion of above compounds is:

1) I > II > III 2) II > I > III 3) III > II > I 4) III > I > II

23
 NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following carbocations is expected to be most stable? [2018]

2. Which of the following is correct with respect to – I effect of the substituents? (R = alkyl) [2018]
1) – NH2 < – OR < – F 2) – NR2 < – OR < – F 3) – NR2 > – OR > – F 4) – NH2 > – OR > – F
3. Which one is the most acidic compound? [2017]

4. The most suitable method of separation of 1 : 1 mixture of ortho and para-nitrophenols is : [2017]
1) Chromatography 2) Crystallisation 3) Steam distillation 4) Sublimation
5. The IUPAC name of the compound [2017]

1) 5-formylhex-2-en-3-one 2) 5-methyl-4-oxohex-2-en-5-al
3) 3-keto-2-methylhex-5-enal 4) 3-keto-2-methylhex-4-enal
6. The correct statement regarding electrophile is - [2017]
1) Electrophile is a negatively charged species and can form a bond by accepting a pair of electrons
from another electrophile
2) Electrophiles are generally neutral species and can form a bond by accepting a pair of electrons from
a nucleophile
c) Electrophile can be either neutral or positively charged species and can form a bond by accepting a
pair of electrons from a nucleophile
4) Electrophile is a negatively charged species and can form a bond by accepting a pair of electrons
from a nucleophile
7. The pair of electron in the given carbanion, CH3C = C- , is present in which of the following orbitals?
[2016]
1) 2p 2) sp3 3) sp2 4) sp
8. Which of the following statements is not correct for a nucleophile? [2015]
1) Nucleophile is a Lewis acid 2) Ammonia is a nucleophile
3) Nucleophiles attack low e– density sites 4) Nucleophiles are not electron seeking.

24
9. In Duma's method for estimation of nitrogen, 0.25 g of an organic compound gave 40 mL of nitrogen
collected at 300K temperature and 725 mm pressure. If the aqueous tension at 300 K is 25 mm, the
percentage of nitrogen in the compound is : [2015]
1) 18.20 2) 16.76 3) 15.76 4) 17.36

10. Which of the following is the most correct electron displacement for a nucleophilic reaction to take
place? [2015]

11. Consider the following compounds

Hyperconjugation occurs in : [2015]

(a) II only 2) III only 3) I and III 4) I only
12. Given

Which of the given compounds can exhibit tautomerism? [2015]

1) I and III 2) II and III 3) I, II and III 4) I and II
13. In which of the following compounds, the C – Cl bond ionisation shall give most stable carbonium ion?
[2015]

14. In the Kjeldahl’s method for estimation of nitrogen present in a soil sample, ammonia evolved from 0.75
g of sample neutralized 10 mL of 1 MH2SO4. The percentage of nitrogen in the soil is : [2014]
1) 37.33 2) 45.33 3) 35.33 4) 43.33
15. The compound that is most difficult to protonate is:- [2019]

25
 (1) (2) (3) (4)
16. The most stable carbocation, among the following is:- [2019-ODISSA]
 
(1) ( CH3 )3 C − C H − CH3 (2) CH3 − CH 2 − C H − CH 2 − CH3
 
(3) CH3 − C H − CH 2 − CH 2 − CH3 (4) CH3 − CH 2 − C H 2
17. A liquid compound (x) can be purified by steam distillation only if it is [2020-covid-19]
(1) Steam volatile, immiscible with water (2) Not steam volatile, miscible with water
(3) Steam volatile, miscible with water (4) Not steam volatile, immiscible with water
18. How many (i) sp2 hybridised carbon atoms and (ii)  bonds are present in the following compound?
[2020-covid-19]

(1) 7, 5 (2) 8, 6 (3) 7, 6 (4) 8, 5

19. A tertiary butyl carbocation is more stable than a secondary butyl carbocation because of which of the
following
[2020]
1) Hyperconjugation 2) –I effect of –CH3 groups 3) +R effect of –CH3 groups 4) –R effect of –CH3
group
20. Paper chromatography is an example of : [2020]
1. Column chromatography 2. Adsorption chromatography
3. partition chromatography 4. Thin layer chromatography
21. Which one of the following methods can be used to obtain highly pure metal which is liquid at room
temperature? [NEET-2021]
1) Chromatography 2) Distillation 3) Zone refining 4) Electrolysis
22. The compound which shows metamerism is [NEET-2021]
CHO CHO CH O CH
1) 3 8 2) 3 6 3) 4 10 4) 5 12
23. The correct structure of 2,6-Dimethyl-dec-4-ene is: [NEET-2021]

24. The Kjeldahl’s method for the estimation of nitrogen can be used to estimate the amount of
nitrogen in which one of the following compounds? [NEET-2022]

1) 2) 3) 4)

26
 NCERT LINE BY LINE QUESTIONS – ANSWERS
(1.) c (2.) b (3.) b (4.) d (5.) d
(6.) b (7.) c (8.) d (9.) a (10.) a
(11.) b (12.) c (13.) c (14.) b (15.) c
(16.) d (17.) a (18.) d (19.) b (20.) a
(21.) a (22.) d (23.) b (24.) d (25.) d
(26.) a (27.) b (28.) b (29.) a (30.) d
(31.) d (32.) b (33.) b (34.) a (35.) b
(36.) a (37.) a (38.) c (39.) d (40.) c
(41.) a (42.) a (43.) b (44.) c (45.) b
(46.) d (47.) b (48.) a (49.) b (50.) d
TOPIC WISE PRACTICE QUESTIONS - ANSWERS
1) 2 2) 3 3) 1 4) 4 5) 1 6) 3 7) 3 8) 2 9) 2 10) 2
11) 2 12) 2 13) 3 14) 1 15) 1 16) 1 17) 3 18) 2 19) 3 20) 4
21) 1 22) 3 23) 2 24) 4 25) 4 26) 2 27) 1 28) 3 29) 1 30) 1
31) 3 32) 1 33) 2 34) 2 35) 3 36) 2 37) 4 38) 4 39) 2 40) 2
41) 2 42) 2 43) 4 44) 2 45) 4 46) 2 47) 3 48) 2 49) 4 50) 2
51) 4 52) 2 53) 1 54) 2 55) 2 56) 1 57) 3 58) 3 59) 3 60) 3
61) 2 62) 4 63) 3 64) 1 65) 2 66) 2 67) 2 68) 2 69) 3 70) 1

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-ANSWERS

1) 4 2) 1 3) 3 4) 3 5) 4 6) 3 7) 4 8) 1 9) 2 10) 2
11) 2 12) 3 13) 1 14) 1 15) 4 16) 3 17) 1 18) 3 19) 1 20) 3
21) 2 22) 3 23) 4 24) 3

NCERT LINE BY LINE QUESTIONS – SOLUTIONS

(1.) (c) 9, 2 CH 2 = C = CH − CH 3

(2.) (b) Alkyl halides. Functional isomers have same molecular formula but different functional groups.
Alcohols are functional isomers of ethers. Aldehydes are functional isomers of ketones. Cyanides are
the functional isomers of isocyanides. Only alkyl halides do not show functional isomers.
(3.) (b) Simple distillation. The b.p. of benzene (bp 353 K) and aniline (457 K) differs by 104 K and hence
can be separated by simple distillation.
(4.) (d) Nucleophiles aree rich species, so they are Lewis base.
(5.) (d) Electrophiles are positive charge ande deficient species. They are Lewis acid. AlCl3 , SO3 are Lewis
+ +
acid. NO2 ,CH3 ,CH3 − C = O are

+ vely charged species.
  
(6.) (b) The stability of carbocation is ( CH3 )3 C  ( CH3 )2 CH  CH3

27
(7.) (c) 3‐amino‐5‐heptenoic acid
(8.) (d) Correct Assertion: Silver salt method is used to determine the molecular mass of organic acid.
(a) CH3 C H 2 The heterolytic bond dissociation energy ( i.e. R − H → R + + H − ) in gas phase depends

(9.)
upon the strength of the C—H bond since the strength of C — H bond decreases in the order of
HC  C − H  C6H5 − H  H 2C = CH − H  CH 3CH 2 − H So, CH 3CH 3 has the least heterolytic bond

dissociation energy and hence CH3CH2 is the most stable carbocation.
(10.) (a) 16.76% Mass of organic compound = 0.25 g Experimental values at STP V1 = 40ml T1 = 300K
P1V1 P2 V2
V2 = ? T2 = 273K P1 = 725 − 25 = 700mm P2 = 760mm =
T1 T2
P1V1T2 700  40  273
V2 = = = 33.52ml 22400 ml of N 2 at STP weighs = 28 g 33.52 ml of N 2 at STP
T1P2 300  760
28  33.52 Mass of Nitrogen at STP
weighs = = 0.0419g %N = 100
22400 Mass of organic compound taken
0.0.419
= 100 = 16.76oo %
025
(11.) both CH 2 = CH C H 2 and C6H5 C H 2 are stabilised by resonance but delocalisation of  ‐electrons over
the C6 H 5 ring makes C6H5 C H 2 ( ) more stable than CH 2 = CH C H 2 (S). Further, + I effect of the
alkyl group decreases the stability of carbocations. So, ( CH3 )2 CH (R) is less stable than CH3 ( P ) group.
−

So, overall stability order increases. ( CH3 )2 CH ( R )  CH3 ( P )  CH 2 = CHCH 2 (S)  C6H5 CH 2 ( Q )

(12.) (c)
(13.) (c) Oxirane is a heterocyclic compound
(14.) (b) There are 6  ‐hydrogen’s and hence six hyperconjugation structures are possible for the carbocation

given

(15.) (c) 1‐buten‐3‐yne (double bond give preference over triple bond.)
(16.) (d) The sulphur of organic compound gives Na 2S.

28
(17.) (a) CuO. Carbon and hydrogen are detected by hearing the compound with copper (II) oxide. Carbon
present in the compound is oxidised to CO 2 and hydrogen to H 2O.

(18.) (d) 3‐keto‐2‐methylehex‐4‐enal

(19.) (b)

(20.)

(21.) (a) On adding FeC13 solution to sodium extract during testing for nitrogen, a red precipitate is obtained.
It is due to the presence of sulphur. 3NaCNS + FeCl3 → Fe ( CNS)3 + 3NaCl
(22.) (d) C2H5 O is not an electrophile, C2H5 O is a Nucleophile.
(23.)
*
(b) CH3 − CH 2 − C  C H Electronegativity of carbon atom depends on its hybridised state and % s‐
character. E. N  % S. Character. sp3 ( 25%S)  sp2 ( 33% S)  sp (50% S) and Carbon linked through
two  bonds are sp‐hybridised.
(24.) (d) Steam distillation. The 0‐ and p‐nitrophenols are separated by steam distillation. Since o‐isomer is
steam volatile due to intramolecular H‐bonding while p‐isomer is not steam volatile. due to association
of molecules by the intermolecular H‐bonding.
(25.) (d) A → Q B → R C → P D → S

(26.) (a) Pyrrole is an aromatic heterocyclic compound.

(27.) (b) P. Wohler synthesised urea from an inorganic compound ammonium cyanate.
(28.) (b) Conceptual.
(29.) (a) Reason in the correct explanation of Assertion.
A →S C →P
(30.)
B→R D →Q
(31.) (d) Kjeldahl’s method is not applicable to any of the given compounds. As nitrogen of these compounds
does not change to ammonium sulphate on hearing with conc. H 2SO 4 .
(32.) (b) 5 Chain isomers Hexane (n‐hexane) 2‐methyl penrane (isohexane) 3‐methyl pentane 2,3‐dimethyl
butane 2,2‐dimethyl butane (neohexane)
(33.) (b) Correct explanation: More the number of alkyl groups, greater the dispersal of + ve charge and
hence greater is the stability.

29
(34.) (a) Fractional distillation is used for the distillation Of petroleum. This method is used for separating a
mixture of two or more miscible, volatile liquids having close (less than 40oC) boiling points. For
example, a mixture of acetone (bp 56oc) and methanol (bp 65oC).
(35.) (b) CH 2 = O is sp ‐hybridised and Trigonal Planar in Shape.
2

(36.)

(a) C H3 is most stable because replacement of H‐atom by Br increases + ve charge on carbon atom and
destabilises the species.

(37.) (a) Fe4  Fe ( CN )6  Ferri‐ferro cyanide Na + C + N ⎯⎯ → NaCN
3

2NaCN + FeSO4 → Fe ( CN )2 + Na 2SO4 Fe ( CN )2 + 4NaCN → Na 4  Fe ( CN )6 

3Na 4  Fe ( CN )6  + 4Fe3+ → Fe 4  Fe ( CN )6  + 12Na +
3

(38.) (c) 2‐Chloropentane, correct structure is

(39.)
4−
(d)  Fe ( CN )5 NOS
(40.)
*
(c) C H3 − CH 2 − Cl order of electronegativity of the attached group is Cl  Br  C  Mg More
electronegative group attached to the carbon will give more positive charge. So, (c) has greatest ( + ve)
charge.
(41.) (a) Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
(42.) (a) 3,3‐diethylpentane ( CH3CH 2 )4 C has 4 − CH 2 groups so 4  2 = 8 Secondary H‐atoms.
(43.) (b) Correctexplanation:‐ C6 H 5COO is called benzoyloxy group & hence the name is correct.
(44.) (c) due to + H Effect of alkyl group (More  Hydrogen)
BrCH 2CH 2CH 2Br
BrCH 2 − CHBr − CH 3
(45.) (b) Four
Br2CHCH 2CH 3
CH 3CBr2CH 3
12  0.198 100 2  0.1014 100
(46.) (d) % of Carbon = = 21.95% % of H = = 4.58%
44  0.246 18  0.246
CH3 − CH = CH − CH 2 − C  CH
(47.) (b)
6 5 4 3 2 1
C − 1  sp
C − 3  sp3
C − 5  sp 2
sp,sp3 ,sp 2
CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2OH 
CH 3CHOHCH 2CH 3 
(48.) (a) 7 isomers 4 are alcohols and 3 are ethers Alcohols
( CH3 )2 CHCH 2OH 

( CH3 )3 COH 
CH 3OCH 2CH 2CH 3 

CH 3OCH ( CH3 )2  ethers
CH 3CH 2OCH 2CH 3 
(49.) (b) A → P B → P C → Q D → R

30
(50.) (d) Propanoic acid

TOPIC WISE PRACTICE QUESTIONS - SOLUTIONS

1. (2) The compound is a derivative of butane.
2. 3)

3. 1)
4. 4)

5. 1)

6. 3) 7. 3) 8. 2) 9. 2)
10. 2) The compound is a derivative of benzoic acid. The positions of substituents attached to benzene
nucleus are represented by number of C-atoms and not by ortho, meta and para.
11. 2) 12. 2) 13. 3) 14. 1)
15. 1) It is derivative of ethanamide having N-phenyl group
16. 1)

17. 3)
18. 2) The compound contains longest chain of 5C – atoms and e of ene is retained as the suffix name starts
with constant
19. 3)
20. 4)

21. 1) Cn H 2n O 2 is general formula for carboxylic acids.

22. 3) Trichloroethene is Westrosol

23. 2)
24. 4) Maleic acid and fumaric acids are geometrical isomers.

31
25. (4) It gives trans - 2 - butene.

26. 2)

27. 1)
28. 3)C5H10 has 1º degree of unsaturation since the isomers are acyclic, all of these are alkenes. For writing
the isomers, first introduce the double bond at different possible positions, and then consider the
possibility of branching in the alkyl group.

29. 1) Resolution

30. 1)
31. 3)
32. 1)
33. 2) Optical and geometrical isomerism pair up to exhibit stereoisomerism. This is because the isomers
differ only in their orientation in space.
34. 2) The compound has two similar asymmetric C-atoms. It has plane of symmetry and exists in meso
form.

35. 3)
36. 2) No. of optical isomers = 2n (where n = No. of chiral atoms)

 No. of optical isomers of lactic acid = (2)1 = 2

37. (4) Keto-enol tautomerism is shown by carbonyl compounds having a-hydrogen atom.
38. (4)
39. (2) Chiral conformation will not have plane of symmetry. Since twist boat does not have plane of
symmetry it is chiral.

32
40. (2) Homolytic fission of the C – C bond gives free radicals in which carbon is sp2- hybridised.
41. (2) In carbocations, carbon bearing positive charge is always sp2-hybridised
42. (2) Stability order of different alkyl carbocations on the basis of hyperconjugation is :
3° > 2° > 1° > methyl
In t-butyl cation, the C-atom bearing the positive charge is attached to three methyl groups therefore it
possess nine a-hydrogens. It will give maximum nine hyperconjugative structures leading to maximum
stability.
43. (4) Higher stability of allyl and aryl substituted methyl carbocation is due to dispersal of positive charge
due to resonance

whereas in alkyl carbocations dispersal of positive charge on different hydrogen atoms is due to
hyperconjugation hence the correct order of stability will be

44. 2) The more the electrons withdrawing groups attached to - O atom, the more is the ease of leaving
45. 4)
46. 2) The stronger the base the more is the nucleophilic character and vice versa. Basic character

47. More is the electron - deficiency on the carbonyl carbon, greater will be the reactivity of the carbonyl
compounds towards nucleophilic addition.

+
48. (2) Carboxylic acids are stronger acids than − N H3 because the corresponding conjugate base (–COO–)
is more stable than –NH2. Hence Y is the strongest acid. Since – COOH has – I effect which decreases
with distance, therefore, effect is more pronounced in Z than in X. As a result, Z is more acidic than X.
Hence the true option is Y > Z > X.
49. (2) Lone pair present at X can enter in the ring. This gives rise to double bond character in C – X bond
attached to the ring .
50. (2) Structure 2) is a 3º carbocation, while 1) is 2º and 3) and 4) are 1º carbocations; thus 2) is the most
stable.
51. (4)
52. 2)

53. 1)

33
54. 2)
55. 2) The order of stability of free radicals
(C6 H5 )3 C> (C6 H5 )2 CH> (CH3 )3 C> (CH3 )2 CH
The stabilisation of first two is due to resonance and last two is due to inductive effect.
56. (1) active methylene has most acidic "H" atom.
57. 3)

[Note : dipole moment is a vector quantity].

58. 3)

59. 3)
60. 3) The hydrogen atoms on terminal C-atoms lie in perpendicular planes and hence the molecule as a
whole is non-planar.

61. (2)
62. (4) Aliphatic halides react by SN2 mechanism.
63. (3) Write the expanded structure of the compound and count the total number of  and  bonds with
each carbon atom and assign hybridization state of each carbon atom, accordingly.

64. (1)
65. (2)
66. (2) Methyl carbanion is sp3 hybridised, with three bond pairs and one lone pair, same is the case with
NH3.
67. (2) – I group destablises carbocation, and since inductive effect decreases with increasing length of
carbon chain. Therefore 2) is the correct option.
68. (2) Due to + M effect of – OH group and hyperconjugation of – CH3 group.
69. (3) More the no. of carbons more will be the heat of combustion.
70. (1)

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-EXPLANATIONS

1. 4)

34
2. (1) – I effect increases on increasing electronegativity of atom. So, correct order of – I effect is
–NH2 < – OR < – F.
*Most appropriate answer is option (1), however option (2) may also be correct answer.
3. (3) Electron withdrawing – NO2 group has very strong –I and –R effects so, compound 3 will be most
acidic.
4. (3) Steam distillation is the most suitable method of separation of 1 : 1 mixture of ortho and para
nitrophenols as there is intramolecular hydrogen bonding in o-nitrophenol.
5. 4)

3-keto-2-methylhex-4-enal ; Aldehydes get higher priority over ketone and alkene in numbering of
principal carbon chain.
6. 3)
7. 4)

8. 1) Nucleophile is a species that provide electron while species which are deficient of electrons termed as
lewis acid, hence nucleophiles are usually lewis bases.
9. (2) Wt. of organic substance = 0.25 g
V1 = 40 mL, T1 = 300 K ; P1 = 725 – 25 = 700 mm of Hg
P2 = 760 mm of Hg (at STP) ; T2 = 273 K
P1V1 P2 V2 273  700  40
= ; V2 = Volume of nitrogen at STP = = 33.52mL
T1 T2 300  760
28  volume of N 2 at STP 100 28  33.52 100
Percentage of nitrogen = = = 16.76%
22400  wt.of organic subs tan ce 22400  0.25
10. 2)  bond is transferred after leaving Cl −

11. (2) Only structure (III) has H in conjugation with free radical.
So, hyperconjugation is possible in III only.
12. (3) All of these compounds show tautomerism

35
13. (1) Tertiary butyl chloride will give the most stable tertiary carbonium ion among the other given
compounds
14. 1)

15. 4) In case of phenol lone pair of oxygen is delocalized in ring.

16. 3) Due to +H effect of alkyl group (more  H)

17. 1) Compounds purified by steam distillation which are immiscible in water but steam volatile.
18. 3)

7-sp2 carbons, 6  bonds

CH3
H3C-C
CH3
19. 1) has 9 hyper conjugative structure
CH3
H3C-H2C-C
H has 5 hyper conjugative structure.
20. 3)Paper chromatography is an example partition chromatography
21. 2)Distillation method is generally used for the purification of metals having low boiling point such
as Hg, Zn etc.
22. 3)Compounds with formula C4H10O can be ethers which may exhibit metamerism. For example

36
 and CH3—O—CH2—CH2—CH3 are metamers as structure of alkyl chains are different around the
functional group.

23. 4)

24. Nitro, Azo and compounds with nitrogen in ring system will not answer Kjeldahl’s method

37