TITLE OF THE PROJECT

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

M.ANITHA (92310133002)

N.NITHYA (92310133033)

R.RAJALAKSHMI (92310133040)

S.SARANYA (92310133044)

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

MNSK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUDUKKOTTAI

ANNA UNIVERSITY:: CHENNAI 600 025

APRIL 2014
 ANNA UNIVERSITY:: CHENNAI 600 025
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report”EMI REDUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR
LLC RESONANT DC/DC CONVERTER” is the bonafide work of
“M.ANITHA(92310133002)” who carried out the project work under my
supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Mr.G.SATHISH KUMAR, M.E., M.B.A., M.S.W., Ph.D.,* Mr.R.RAJESH.M.Tech.,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Assistant professor

Electronics and communication Engg, Electronics and communication Engg,

MNSK college of Engineering, MNSK college of Engineering,

Dhakshinapuram, Dhakshinapuram,

Vallathirakottai (P.O), Vallathirakottai (P.O),

Pudukkottai-622 305. Pudukkottai-622 305.

Examined on:

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I wish to express my deep fathomable feeling greeting and
indebtedness to institution of our “MNSK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING”,
providing us a chance for fulfilment of lone cherished of becoming Electronics
and Communication Engineers.

We wish to acknowledge with thanks for significant contributions given by the

management of our college Chairman “Mr.M.NAGARAJANB.Pharm.,” of
our college for their extensive support.

We express our respectful and heartilythanks to

“Dr.V.VALASAMUDRAM M.E., Ph.D.,” principal of our college for his
significant contribution and constant encouragement regarding our project
work.

We extend our thanks to the director “Mrs.N.HEMALATHA M.Tech.,”

for being a motivating force and source of inspiration

We are grateful to “Mr.G.SATHISHKUMAR, M.E.,Ph.D*.,” Head of

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department for his absolute and
acute decision delivered at all times required.

We express our sincere thanks to my faculty guide

“Miss.V.VAISHNAVI,M.E.,”for his/her valuable guidance.

We wish to express our respectful and heartily thanks to

“Mr.M.MATHIVANAN,M.E.,” co-ordinator of ECE Department for his
constant support in completing this project.

We would like to thank all the staff members of Electronics and

Communication Engineering Department, My friends and all the good hearts
who gave me immense encouragement in completing my project.
 ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a novel industrial wireless sen- sor network (IWSN) for
industrial machine condition monitor- ing and fault diagnosis. In this paper, the
induction motor is taken as an example of monitored industrial equipment due
to its wide use in industrial processes. Motor stator current and vibration signals
are measured for further processing and analysis. On-sensor node feature
extraction and on-sensor fault diagnosis using neural networks are then
investigated to address the ten- sion between the higher system requirements of
IWSNs and the resource-constrained characteristics of sensor nodes. A two-step
classifier fusion approach using Dempster–Shafer theory is also explored to
increase diagnosis result quality. Four motor operating conditions—normal
without load, normal with load, loose feet, and mass imbalance—are monitored
to evaluate the proposed system. Experimental results show that, compared with
raw data trans- mission, on-sensor fault diagnosis could reduce payload
transmis- sion data by 99%, decrease node energy consumption by 97%, and
prolong node lifetime from 106 to 150 h, an increase of 43%. The final fault
diagnosis results using the proposed classifier fusion approach give a result
certainty of at least 97.5%. To leverage the advantages of on-sensor fault
diagnosis, another system operating mode is explored, which only transmits the
fault diagnosis result when a fault happens or at a fixed interval. For this mode,
the node lifetime reaches 73 days if sensor nodes transmit diagnosis results once
per hour.
I

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE No

ABSTRACT v

LIST OF TABLE ix

LIST OF FIGURE x

LIST OF ABBREVIATION xi

I INTRODUCTION 1

II. WORKING CONCEPT

2.1 PROPOSED WORK 2
2.3 MICRO CONTROLLER 4
2.4 INTRODUCTION TO PIC 5

2.4.1 Pic (16f877)

52.4.2 SPECIAL FEATURE OF PIC MIROCONTROLLER

7

2.4.2.1 Core Feature 7

2 .4.2.2 Peripheral Feature 9

2.4.3 ARCHITECTURE OF PIC 10

2.5 I/O PORTS 14

 2.5.1 Porta and Trisb register 15

2.6 DIGITAL ENERGY METER 17

2.6.1 Explanation 17

2.7 GSM MODULE 19

2.8 HISTORY OF GSM 20

2.8.1 Structure Of Gsm 20

2.8.2 Subscriber Identify Module 21

2.9 INTROUDCTION TO GSM WIRELESS MODEM 22

2.10 GSM MODEM APPLICATION 23

2.10.2.1 Access Control Devices 25

2.10.2.2 Transaction Terminals 25

2.10.3.1short Data Size 26

2.10.3.3 Highly Uptime 26

2.11 PIC WITH MICRO CONTROLLER 30

2.11.1 Portb& Trisb Register 31

2.12 RELAY 33

2.12.1 Explanation 33

2.12.2 Circuit Description 35

2.12.3 Application 36

2.13 ALARM 37

2.13.1 Buzzer 37

2.13.2Circuit Description 38

2.14 RS232 COMMUNICATION 39

2.14.1 Explanation 39
 2.1 4.2scope Of The Standard 40

2.14.3 Circiut Description 41

2.15 REAL TIME CLOCK 42

2.15.1 Description 42
2.15.2 Features 43

2.16 SIGNAL CONDITIONING UNIT

44
2.17 .1 Application 44

III. SOFTWARE TOOLS

3.1 MP LAB 45
3.1.1 Mp Lab Simulator 46

3.1.2 Ic Prog 46

3.1.3 Compiler High Tech C 46

3.2 PIC START PLUS PROGRAMMER 47
3.3 POWER SUPPLY 48
3.3.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE 48

3.3.2.1 Transformer 48
3.3.2.2 Bridge Rectifier 49
3.3.2.3 Ic Voltage Regulator 51

3.4 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTAION 52

3.4.1 Algorithm 53

IV. PROGRAM 4.1Coding

54

V. CONCLUSION60

VI. REFERENCE61
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO TITLE PAGE NO

2.1PIC (16F877) specifications 10

2.2 Pin out description 12

2.3 Port A function 16

2.4 Summary of registers associated with port A 16

2.5 Port B and TRISB register 32

 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE NO

2.1Electricity control system 3

2.2Pin diagram of PIC16F877 11

2.3 Digital Energy Meter 17

2.4Interference of GSM modem with 24

PC embedded device

2.5 PIC with microcontroller 30

2.6 Relay 33

2.7 Alarm 37

2.8 RS232 Communication 39

3.1 Power supply 48

3.2 IC voltage regulators 51

 LIST OF ABBRIVIATIONS

PIC -Peripheral interface control

POR -Power-on Reset

PWRT - Power-up Timer

OST - Oscillator Start-up Timer

WDT - Watchdog Timer

CMOS - Complementary metal oxide semiconductor

ICSP - In-Circuit Serial Programming

SSP - Synchronous Serial Port

USART - Universal Synchronous Asynchronous ReceiverTransmitter

BOR - Brown-out Reset

LED - Light emitting diode

LCD - Liquid crystal display

GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications

SIM - Subscriber Identity Module

IMEI - International Mobile Equipment Identity

SPDT - Single Pole Double Through

DTE - Data terminal equipment

DCE - Data-terminating Equipment