2013.

06
在漫长的发展过程中，中国建筑逐渐形成了以木结构（ timberwork)结合石雕、夯土结构
（rammed earth construction)以及其他技巧为特色的风格。一般来讲，中国的传统建筑风格可
分为几个类别：皇家宫殿、宅居厅室、寺庙佛塔（pagoda)、墓园陵寝及园林建筑。然而，中国
不同地区和不同民族的建筑风格可能在特色和功能上有所不同。从中国北方到南方，从黄河
到长江，一路上你会被中国建筑师们的杰作所感动。勤劳的中国劳动人民创造了很多建筑奇
迹，如长城、故宫。
①During its long evolution process, Chinese architecture gradually developed a style which featured timberwork combining stone
carving， rammed earth construction， and many other techniques. ②Generally speaking, traditional Chinese architectural style can
be classified into several categories: royal palaces, residential houses, religious temples and pagodas, tombs, and garden
architectures. ③However, the architectural styles of different regions and ethnic groups in China may vary in characteristics and
functions. ④Travelling the way from the Northern China to the South, from the Yellow River down to the Yangtze River, you will be
moved by the works of Chinese architects. ⑤Industrious Chinese labouring people created many architectural miracles such as the
Great Wall and the Palace Museum.
明朝第三位皇帝朱棣在夺取（usurp)帝位后，从南京迁都北京，于 1406 年开始建造紫禁城
这座宫殿，至明永乐十八年（ 1420 年）落成。随着 1924 年清朝的最后一位皇帝溥仪退位
（abdication)后被驱逐出皇宫，它失去了原有的功能。在这五百余年中，共有 24 位皇帝曾
在此居住，统治全国。今天，紫禁城是一个博物院，也是世界上最受欢迎的旅游景点之 一。
游客们可以看到传统的宫殿建筑，可以欣赏保存在宫殿里的珍宝，还可以听到一些关于皇族
和朝廷的传说和轶事。
①The Forbidden City was built from 1406 to 1420 by the third Ming Emperor Zhu Di who, upon usurping
the throne, determined to move his capital north from Nanjing to Beijing. ②It lost its original function in the year
1924 when Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was expelled from this palace after his abdication. ③
During its 500-year span, twenty-four emperors lived and ruled from this palace. ④Today, the Forbidden City is a
public museum and has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. ⑤Visitors can see the
traditional palace architecture, enjoy the treasures kept in the palace, and learn of the legend and anecdotes about
the imperial family and the court.
中国是最早生产丝绸的国家。考古学家们认为，中国的桑蚕丝织技术，至少有 4000 多年的历
史。丝绸很早就成为了古代宫廷贵族的主要衣料和对外贸易的重要商品。中国古代丝绸品种
丰富多彩。西方人十分喜爱中国丝绸。据说，公元 1 世纪，一位古罗马皇帝曾穿着中国的丝绸
袍去看戏，顿时轰动了整个剧场。从此，人们都希望能穿上中国的丝绸衣服，中国也因此被
称为“丝国”。丝绸美化了人们的生活，也促进了中国和世界各国的友好往来。
①China is the earliest country to have produced silk. ②Archaeologists believe the technology of silk
weaving has at least a history of more than 4,000 years. ③Silk had been the main materials to make clothes
for the noblemen and their families as well as an important commodity for export since long ago. ④There are
various kinds of ancient Chinese silk. ⑤Westerners were very fond of Chinese silk. ⑥It is said that during
the first century AD, a Roman emperor went to the theatre wearing silk, which made a great stir in the audience.
⑦Since then, people wished to wear clothes made of Chinese silk. China, therefore, was called the “Silk
Country”.⑧Silk has made people’s life beautiful and promoted friendly exchanges between China and other
countries.
2013.12

1
闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸 6,000 多公里，得名于古代
中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要作用。
正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同
样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器(porcelain)也传遍全球。物质文化。
①The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. ②Extending more
than 6,000 kilometers, the Silk Road got its name from the silk trade of ancient China. ③The trade which was
carried out along this route played an important role in the civilization development of China, South Asia, Europe
and the Middle East. ④It was through the Silk Road that the four great inventions of ancient China, namely
papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing, were introduced to the world. ⑤Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and
porcelain were spread all over the world. ⑥As the exchange of material culture is a two-way process, various goods and plants were
also exported through the Silk Road from Europe to China to meet the needs of the Chinese market.
中国园林(the Chinese garden )是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观 (landscape ) 。
它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈
杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关
系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山 (rockwork)、树木、花草以及各
种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景
观犹如山水画卷（scroll) 一般展现在面前。
①After 3,000 years of evolution, the Chinese garden has become a unique landscape. ②It includes both
large gardens built as entertainment venues for royal family, and private gardens built as secluded retreats for
scholars, merchants and retired government officials. ③These gardens have constituted a miniature that is designed
in praise of the harmony between man and nature. ④A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various
buildings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockworks, trees and flowers scattered in it.
⑤Strolling in the garden, people may feel that a series of well-designed featoes come into sight just like landscape
painting scroll.
中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收。这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似。 过中秋
节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日:这天
夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006 年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008 年
又被定为公共假日。月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食。人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在
家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“麦（longevity) ”、“福”或“和”等字样。
①Since ancient times, the Chinese people have celebrated bumper harvest on the Mid-Autumn Festival. ②
This custom resembles that of Thanksgiving Day in the North America. ③The custom of celebrating the
Mid-Autumn Festival became popular all over China in the early Tang Dynasty. ④Celebrated on the 15th day of
the eighth lunar month, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a day for worshiping the moon. ⑤At night, family members
get together and enjoy the bright moon in the sky. ⑥In 2006, the Mid-Autumn Festival was listed as a Chinese
cultural heritage, and in 2008 designated as a public holiday.⑦⑧The mooncake, an indispensable food of the
Festival, is often used as a gift for relatives and friends or enjoyed at family gatherings. ⑨Traditional mooncakes
are imprinted with Chinese characters with such meanings as “longevity”, “happiness” or “harmony” etc.
2014.06
北京计划未来三年投资 7 600 亿元治理污染，从减少 PM2.5 排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨
在减少四种主要污染源，包括 500 多万辆机动车的尾气(exhaust)排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北
方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。另 850 亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水（sewage)处
理设施，加上 300 亿元投资未来三年的丝树造林（forestation)。

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市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更
严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。
Beijing is planning to invest 760 billion yuan to control pollution in the next three years, starting from
reducing the emission of PM2. 5. The newly announced plan is aimed at reducing four major sources of pollution,
including exhaust emissions of over 5 million motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from
the north and local construction dust. Another 85 billion yuan will be used to establish or upgrade the facilities for
municipal waste treatment and sewage treatment. Besides, 30 billion yuan will be invested in the forestation
program in the coming three years.
In order to improve the environment, the municipal government also plans to construct a number of
water-recycling plants and to ban illegal construction. In addition, Beijing will impose tougher punishments on
those who violate the emission-reduction regulations.
中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如,土豪（tuhao)和大
妈（dama)都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。
土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人。也就
是说，土豪有钱，但没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但现在特指不久前金价下跌时大
量购买黄金的中国妇女。
土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津(Oxford)英语词典。至今已有约 120 个中文词被加进了牛津
英语词典,成了英语语言的一部分。
Chinese hot words, some of which are increasingly popular with foreign media， usually reflect social changes
and culture. For instance, tuhao and dama are old words, but they have acquired new meanings.
In the past, the word tuhao referred to village landlords who oppressed peasants and servants, but now it is
used to describe people who spend money unwisely or like to show off their wealth. In other words, tuhaos are
wealthy but don’t have good taste. The word dama is used to call middle-aged women, but now it especially refers
to Chinese women who bought large amounts of gold when the price of gold fell not long ago.
The words tuhao and dama may be included in the next edition of Oxford English Dictionary. Until now,
about 120 Chinese words have been added to the dictionary, becoming a part of the English language.
最近，中国科学院（Chinese Academy of Sciences)出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展
望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分:科学发展报告、高技术发展报告、中国可持续发展战
略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与 H7N9 病毒研究的突破。
该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门
领域，如 3D 打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结
构性障碍，并促进节能减排。
Recently, the Chinese Academy of Sciences released a series of annual reports concerning its latest scientific
findings and the prospect of the next year. The reports consisted of three parts： scientific development , hi-tech
development and the sustainable development strategy of China, The first report included the latest findings of
Chinese scientists,such as the breakthrough in the research fields of new particles and H7N9 virus. The report also
highlighted some issues that we need to pay attention to in the coming years. The second report announced several
hot fields of the applied scientific research, such as the study of 3D printing and artificial organs. The third report
called on the improvement in top-level design so as to get rid of the structural barriers of industrial upgrading and
contribute to energy conservation and emission reduction.
2014.12

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反映在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家
（Taoist) 对自然的情感。传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题，一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景 ，
画中往往有老人在饮茶下棋，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一个
则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫 在湖上打渔，农夫在山上欲柴采药，或是书生坐在松
树下呤诗作画。这两个主题可以分别代表儒家 (Confucian)和道家的生活理想。
The ideal of rural life reflected in the arts and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization, which
to a large extent can be attributed to Taoist affection for nature. There are two favorite themes in traditional
Chinese paintings. One theme depicts various happy scenes of family life in which the seniors are drinking tea and
playing chess, men are sowing and reaping, women are weaving and sewing, and the children are playing outside.
The other theme depicts all kinds of joys of the country life. In the paintings, fishermen are fishing on the lake；
farmers are cutting firewood or gathering herbs in the mountains; or scholars are chanting poetry and painting
pictures under the pines. These two themes can respectively represent Confucian and Taoist ideals of life.
自从 1978 年启动改革以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，并经历了经济和
社会的快速发展。年均 10%的 GDP 增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的“千年(millennium)发展
目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。目前，中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决
环境及社会不平衡的问题。政府已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保
的机会，并扩大社会保障。中国现在 7%的经济年增长目标表明政府意在重视生活质量而不是
增长速度。
Since the very beginning of the reform in 1978, China has transformed its planned economy to an economy
based on the market and undergone a rapid development of economy and society. The average annual growth rate
of GDP is 10%, which has brought more than 500 million people out of poverty. “The Millennium Development
Goals” of the UN have been achieved or will be soon achieved in China. Currently, the twelfth Five-Year Plan of
China emphasizes the development of service industry, the solutions to environmental and social imbalance. The
government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, increase chances for education and
medical insurance and expand social security. The current annual economic growth target of 7% in China shows
the government attaches importance to the quality of life rather than the speed of economic growth.
中国将努力确保到 2015 年就业者接受过平均 13.3 年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大
部分进入劳动力市场的人都须获得大学文凭。
在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数；除了关注高等教育之外，还将寻找新的
突破以确保教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达地区
将获得更多的支持。教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提
供在城市接受教育的同等机会。
China will endeavour to make sure the employees will have received an average ~of13.3 years of education
by 2015. If we can achieve that, the majority of people entering the labor force market will be required to
have a college diploma in future. For the next few years, China will make the effort to increase the
enrollment of vocational colleges; and apart from putting emphasis on higher education, China will seek new
breakthroughs to ensure a more equal educational system. China is now trying to optimize the use of
educational resources.Hence the rural and underdeveloped areas will get more support. The Ministry of
Education has also decided to improve the nutrition for students from underdeveloped are as and provide
equal educational opportunities for children of migrant workers in cities.
2015.06

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中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的
一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的
除非已经上过各式海鮮。如今，中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛
排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴
席通常至少有一道汤，可以最先或最后上桌。甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。
The traditional Chinese hospitality requires that the foods served are so diverse that guests cannot eat up all
the dishes. A typical Chinese banquet menu includes cold dishes served at the beginning, followed by hot dishes,
such as meat, poultry, vegetables, and so on. At most banquets, the whole fish is considered to be essential, unless
various kinds of seafood have been served. Nowadays， Chinese people would like to combine Western specialties
with traditional Chinese dishes. Therefore, it is not rare to see steak being served? either. Salad has also been
catching on, although traditionally Chinese people generally do not eat any food without cooking. There is usually
at least a bowl of soup, served either at the beginning or in the end of the banquet. Desserts and fruit usually mark
the end of the banquet.
2011 年是中国城市化(urbanization)进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在
未来 20 年里，预计约有 3.5 亿农村人口将移居到城市。如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说
既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念，强调人们以公交而不是
私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源 节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城
市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。
The year of 2011 is a historic moment in the process of urbanization in China, when the urban population
exceeds the rural population for the first time. In the next 20 years, it is estimated that about 350 million rural
populations will migrate to cities. Such a scale of urban development is both a challenge and an opportunity for
urban transportation. The Chinese government has always been advocating the concept of “people-oriented”
development， stressing that people should travel by buses instead of private cars. It also calls for the construction
of“ resource-saving and environment-friendly society” . With this explicit goal, Chinese cities can make better
plans for their development, and turn a massive investment to the development of safe, clean and economical
transportation system.
汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一。汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它最先向其他文化
敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣 ，
涌现了很多文学、 历史、哲学巨著。公元 100 年中国第一部字典编撰完成，收入 9 000 个字，
提供释义并列举不同的写法。其间，科技方面也取得了很大进步，发明了纸张、水钟、日晷
（sundials)以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝历经 400 年，但统治者的腐败最终导致了它的灭亡。
The Han dynasty is one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history. There are lots of
remarkable achievements during the reign of the Han dynasty. Being the first dynasty to open the door to other
cultures, it excelled in foreign trade. The Silk Road opened in the Han dynasty led to Central and Western Asia，
even Rome. With all sorts of art schools flourishing, there appeared many great works in literary, history, and
philosophy. In 100 AD， China’s first dictionary was completed which included 9 000 characters, providing
definitions and different way to write the characters. During the period, the science and technology had also made
grade progress, with paper water clock, sundials and instruments used to measure earthquakes invented. Though
The Han dynasty had a history of 400 years, the corruption of its rulers finally contributed to its collapse.
2015.12
在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩手做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们
相信这样做是为孩子好。结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。如果父母决定为

5
孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定，即使
孩子根本不感兴趣。然而在美国，父母很可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们的
意见。中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞。然而，他们应向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如
何平衡父母与子女间的关系。
In China, parents always try every means to help their children, and even make important decisions for them.
They never care what their children really want, because they believe that it is good for them. As a result, children’s growth and
education tend to surrender to the wills of their parents. If parents decide to sign up for their children to take an extra class to increase
their chances of being admitted to a key school, they will stick to their decisions, even if their children are not interested in. While in
the United States, parents are likely to respect their children’s opinions ， and pay more attention to their opinions in making
decisions. It may be worthy of praise for the Chinese parents to attach great importance to education. When it comes to education,
however, they should learn how to balance the relationship between parents and their children from American parents.
最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。中国现在涉足建造高速列车、远洋船舶、机器人，甚至飞
机。不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚(Indonesia)建造一条高铁的合同；中国还与马来西亚
(Malaysia)签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。这证明人们信赖中国造产品。
中国造产品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界
各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你
所购商品的出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。
Recently, the Chinese government decided to upgrade its industry. China is now involved in the construction
of high-speed trains, ocean ships, robots, and even aircraft. Not long ago, China signed a contract to build a
high-speed rail in Indonesia. China also signed a contract with Malaysia to provide high-speed trains. These facts
prove that, people rely on Chinese-made products.
Products made in China are becoming more and more popular. China has paid a price for it, but it does help
to eliminate poverty. At the same time, it provides employment opportunities for people all over the world. This is
a good thing to be praised. The next time you go to the store, you may want to take a look at the home of your
purchase. Chances are that it is made in China.
在帮助国际社会于 2030 年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。自 20
世纪 70 年代末实施改革开放以来，中国已使多达四亿人摆脱了贫困。在未来五年中，中国将
向其他发展中国家在减少贫困、发展教育、农业现代化、环境保护和医疗保健等方面提供援助
中国在减少贫困方面取得了显著进步，并在促进经济增长方面做出了不懈努力，这将鼓励其
他贫困国家应对自身发展中的挑战。在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时，这些国家可以借鉴
中国的经验。
China is playing an increasingly important role in helping the international community to eliminate extreme
poverty by 2030. Since the implementation of the reform and opening up in the late 1970s, China has helped as many as four hundred
million people out of poverty. Over the next five years, China will provide assistance to other developing countries in poverty
reduction, education development, agricultural modernization, environmental protection and health care. China has made remarkable
progress in reducing poverty, and has made unremitting efforts to promote economic growth, which will encourage other poor
countries to respond to the challenges of their own developments. These countries can learn from the experience of China when they
seek paths of development with their own characteristics.
2016.06
中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国
近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究
覆盖了从大数据到生物化学、从新能源到机器人等高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作 ，

6
使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新
的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。
In China, innovation is flourishing in an unprecedented speed. In order to surpass the developed
countries in the world as fast as it can in science and technology, China has increased funds for
research and development substantially in recent years. Chinese universities and institutes are
actively carrying out innovation research, which cover high-technology fields such as big data,
biochemistry, new energy and robots, etc. They are also cooperating with science and technology
parks in different regions so as to commercialize the fruits of their innovation. Meanwhile, to adapt
to the constantly changing and increasing needs of foreign and domestic markets, Chinese
entrepreneurs are also competing to be pioneers in innovating both products and business models.
旗袍（qipao）是一种雅致的中国服装，源于中国的满族（Manchu Nationality） 。在清代，旗
袍是王室 女性穿着的宽松长袍。上世纪 20 年代，受西方服饰影响，旗袍发生了一些变化。袖
口（cuffs）变窄，袍 身变短。这些变化使女性美得以充分展现。 如今，旗袍经常出现在世界
级的时装秀上。中国女性出席重要社交聚会时，旗袍往往是她们的首选。 很多中国新娘也会
选择旗袍作为结婚礼服。一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰。
Qipao is a kind of elegant Chinese dress, which originated from Manchu Nationality in China. In
the Qing Dynasty, qipao was a loose robe worn by the royal women. In the 1920s, influenced by
western clothing, it has undergone some changes. For example, the cuffs became narrower, and the
robe became shorter. These changes enable qipao to fully bring out the feminine beauty. Today,
qipao often appears on the world-class fashion shows. It is usually the first choice for Chinese
women when they attend social parties. Meanwhile, many Chinese brides would choose it as their
wedding dress. Some influen- tial persons even suggested that qipao should be made the national
costume for Chinese women.
深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。在改革开放之前，深圳不过是一个渔村，仅有三万多
人。20 世纪 80 年代，中国政府创建了深圳经济特区，作为实施社会主义市场经济的试验田。
如今，深圳人口已经超过 1000 万，整个城市发生了巨大的变化。到 2014 年，深圳的人均
（per-capita）GDP 已达 25000 美元，相当于世界上一些发达国家的水平。就综合经济实力而
言，深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之
地。
Shenzhen is a newly-developed city of Guangdong Province, China. Shenzhen was just a fishing
village with over 30,000 residents before the Reform and Opening Up. In the 1980s, the Chinese
government established Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, which served as the experimental field
of the socialist market economy. Now, Shenzhen has undergone tremendous changes with a massive
population of over 10 million. In 2014, the per-capita GDP of Shenzhen has reached $25,000,
equivalent to the level of some developed countries in the world. In terms of overall economic
strength, Shenzhen ranks among the top cities in China. Shenzhen is also an ideal place to start
businesses for both domestic and foreign entrepreneurs due to its unique position.
2016.12
随着生活水平的提高，度假在中国人生活中的作用越来越重要。过去，中国人的时间主要花
在谋生上，很少有机会外出旅行。然而，近年来中国旅游业发展迅速。经济的繁荣和富裕中
产阶 级的出现，引发了一个前所未有的旅游热潮。中国人不仅在国内旅游，出国旅游也越来

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越普遍。2016 年国庆节假日期间，旅游消费总计超过 4000 亿元。据世界贸易组织估计，2020
年中国将成 为世界上最大的旅游国，在未来几年里将成为处境旅游支出增长最快的国家。

随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，学汉语的人数迅速增加，使汉语成了世界上人们最爱学的语言之
一。近年来，中国大学在国际上的排名也有了明显的提高。由于中国教育的巨大进步，中国
成为 最受海外学生欢迎的留学目的地之一就不足为奇了。2015 年，近四十万国际学生蜂拥来
到中国 学习。他们学习的科目不再限于中国语言和文化，而包括科学与工程。在全球教育市
场上，美国 和英国仍占主导地位，但中国正在迅速赶上。

农业是中国的一个重要产业，从业者超过 3 亿。中国农业产量全球第一，主要生产水稻、小
麦和豆类。虽然中国的农业用地仅占世界的百分之十，但为世界百分之二十的人提供了粮食。
中国 7700 年开始种植水稻。早在使用机械和化肥之前，勤劳和富有创造性的中国农民就已
经采 用各种各样的方法来增加农作物产量。中国农业最新的发展是推进有机农业。有机农业
可以同 时服务于多种目的，包括食品安全，大众健康和可持续发展。

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2017.06
明朝统治中国 276 年，被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。这
一时期，手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和丝绸，都在市场销售。
同时，还进口许多外国商品，如时钟和烟草。北京、南京、扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继
形成。也是在明代，由郑和率领的船队曾到印度洋进行了七次大规模探险航行。还值得一提
的是，中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写于明代。

宋朝始于 960 年，一直延续到 1279 年。这一时期，中国经济大幅增长，成为世界上最先进的

唐朝始于 618 年，终于 907 年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。经过近三百年的发展，唐代中

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2017.12
太湖是中国东部的一个淡水湖,占地面积 2250 平方公里,是中国第三大淡水湖,仅次于鄱阳和洞
庭。太湖约有 90 个岛屿,大小从几平方米到几平方公里不等。太湖以其独特的“太湖石”而闻
名,太湖石常用于装饰中国传统园林。太湖也以高产的捕鱼业闻名。自上世纪 70 年代后期以来,
捕捞鱼蟹对沿湖的居民来说极为重要,并对周边地区的经济作出了重大贡献。太湖地区是中国
陶瓷( ceramics)业基地之一,其中宜兴的陶瓷厂家生产举世闻名的宜兴紫砂壶( clay teapot)。
With an area of 2,250 square kilometers, Lake Tai in eastern China is the third largest freshwater lake after
Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake. The lake houses about 90 islands, ranging in size from a few square meters
to several square kilometers. The lake is renowned for its unique limestone formations, which are often
employed to decorate traditional Chinese gardens. The lake is also known for its productive fishing industry.
Since the late 1970s, Harvesting fish and crabs has been invaluable to people living along the lake and has
contributed significantly to the economy of the surrounding area. The lake is home to an extensive ceramics
industry, including the Yixing pottery factory, which produces the world-renowned Yixing clay teapots.
青海湖位于海拔 3,205 米、青海省省会西宁以西约 100 公里处,是中国最大的咸水湖,面积
4,317 平方公里,最深处 25.5 米,有 23 条河注入湖中,其中大部分是季节性的。百分之八十的湖
水源于五条主要河流。青海湖位于跨越亚洲的几条候鸟迁徙路线的交叉处。许多鸟类把青海
湖作为迁徙过程中的暂息地。湖的西侧是著名的“鸟岛”,吸引着来自世界各地的观鸟者。每
年夏天，游客们也来这里观看国际自行车比赛。
3, 205 meters above(the) sea level, Qinghai lake is located about 100 kilometers west of Xining, capital of
Qinghai province in western china.Qinghai lake, the largest saline lake in the country, has a surface area of 4.
317 square kilometers with a maximum depth of 25.5 meters. Most of the 23 rivers and streams that empty
into Qinghai lake are seasonal. Five major streams provide 80% of the lakes total influx. located at he
crossroads of several bird migration routes across Asia, Qinghai lake offers many species an intermediate
stop during their migration .On the western side of the lake are the well-known "Bird Islands which attract
birdwatchers from across the globe. every summer sees numerous visitors come here to watch the Qinghai
lake International Cycling Race.
洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。洞庭湖是长江的蓄洪池，湖的大校很大
程度上取决于季节变化。湖北和湖南两省因其与湖的相对位置而得名，湖北意为“湖的北
边”，而湖南则为“湖的南边”。洞庭湖作为龙舟赛的发源地，在中国文化中享有盛名。据
说龙舟赛始于洞庭湖东岸。为的是搜寻楚国爱国诗人屈原的遗体。龙舟赛与洞庭湖及周边的
美景，每年都吸引着成千上万来自全国和世界各地的游客。
Dongting lake is a large , shallow lake in northeastern hunan province, china. it is a flood basin of the yangtze River. Hence the lake's

size depends on the season . the provinces of hubei and hunan are named after their location relative to the lake: Hubei means" north

of the lake and Hunan means" south of the lake . dongting lake enjoys a good reputation in chinese culture as the place of origin of

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dragon boat racing . dragon boat racing is said to have begun on the eastern shores of Dongting lake as a search for the body of Qu

Yuan, the Chu patriotic poet. Dragon Boat racing and the beauty of Dongting Lake and the surrounding area attract thousands of

tourists at home and abroad each year.

2018.06
过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事。如今，私家车在中国随处可见。
汽车成了人们生活中不可或缺的一部分，他们不仅开车上下班，还经常驾车出游。有些城市
的汽车增长速度过快，以至于交通拥堵和停车位不足的问题日益严峻，这些城市的市政府不
得不出台新规，限制上路汽车的数量。由于空气污染日益严重，现在越来越多的人选择购买
新能源汽车，中国政府也采取了一些措施，支持新能源汽车的发展。
In the past, owning a private car at hand is a luxurious thing for most Chinese people.Nowadays, private cars
can be seen everywhere in China. The car has become an integral part of people’s life, as they not only drive
to and from work, but also travel around by car. The number of cars in some cities has been growing so
rapidly that traffic jams and the problem of insufficient parking spaces have become more and more serious.
The municipal governments of these ities have to develop some new rules to limit the number of cars on the
road. As air pollution gets more serious, now more and more people choose to buy new energy vehicles. The
Chinese government has also taken some measures to support the development of new energy vehicles
中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升，更多的城
市将 修建高铁站。高铁大大缩短了人们出行的时间。相对飞机而言，高铁列车的突出优势在
于准时，因为 基本不受天气或交通管制的影响。高铁极大地改变了中国人的生活方式。如今
它已经成了很多人商 务旅行的首选交通工具。越来越多的人也在假日乘高铁外出旅游。还有
不少年轻人选择在一个城市工 作而在邻近城市居住，每天乘高铁上下班。
China now has the largest and fastest high-speed rail network in the world. The speed of the CRH(China
Railway High-Speed) train will continue to increase and more cities will build high-speed rail stations. The
CRH train has greatly reduced people’s travel time. Compared with the airplane, the outstanding advantage
of the CRH train is punctuality, because it is basically not affected by weather or traffic control. The CRH
train has greatly changed the Chinese people’s way of life. Now, it has become the top transportation option
for business travel for many people. More and more people also travel by the CRH train during holidays.
Many young people choose to work in one city but live in a nearby one since they can commute by the CRH
train every day.
自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。如今，随着城
市交通拥堵和空气污染日益严重，骑自行车又开始起来。近来，中国企业家将移动互联网技
术与传统自行车结合在一起，发明了一种称为共享单车（shared bikes）的商业模式。共享单
车的出现使骑车出行更加方便，人们仅需一部手机就可以随时使用共享单车。为了鼓励人们
骑车出行，很多城市修建了自行车道。现在，越来越多的中国人也喜欢通过骑车健身。

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Bicycles used to be the leading means of transportation in China’s cities and villages, and China was once
called “the Kingdom of Bicycles”. nowadays, with traffic congestion and air pollution becoming more and
more serious in cities, riding a bicycle has started to become popular again. Recently, China’s entrepreneurs
have combined mobile Internet technologies ith bicycles and invented the business model of bike-sharing.
The appearance of shared bikes has made it more convenient for people to get around, and people can ride
shared bikes at any time only with the help of a mobile phone. To encourage people to travel by bike, many
cities have built bike lanes. Now, a growing number of Chinese people also like working out through ycling.
2018.12
近年来，中国越来越多的博物馆免费向公众开放。博物馆展览次数和参观人数都明显增长。
在一些广受欢迎的博物馆门前，排长队已很常见。这些博物馆必须采取措施限制参观人数。
如今，展览形式越来越多样。一些大型博物馆利用多媒体和虚拟现实等先进技术，使展览更
具吸引力。不少博物馆还举办在线展览，人们可在网上观赏珍稀展品。然而，现场观看展品
的体验对大多数参观者还是更具吸引力。

中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。新近公布的统计数字表明，中国的
公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建，为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的
环境。大型公共图书馆不仅提供种类繁多的参考资料，而且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。近年
来，也出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。一些图书馆还推出了自助
服务系统，使读者借书还书更加方便，进一步满足了读者的需求。

近年来，中国政府进一步加大体育馆建设投资，以更好地满足人们快速增长的健身需求。除
了新建体育馆外，许多城市换采取了改造旧工厂和商业建筑等措施，来增加当地体育馆的数
量。在政府资金的支持下，越来越多的体育馆向公众免费开放，或者只收取少量费用。许多
体育馆通过应用现代信息技术大大提高了服务质量。人民可以方便地在线预订场地和付费。
可以预见，随着运动设施的不断改善，愈来愈多的人将会去体育馆健身。

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