Name:_______________________________________ Class Period:____ Due Date:___/____/____

Guided Reading & Analysis: Becoming a World Power, 1898-1917

Chapter 20- Spanish American War, American Imperialism pp 380-391
Reading Assignment: Chapter 20 in AMSCO or other resource covering the
Spanish American War.

Mastery of the course and AP exam await all who choose to process the
information as they read/receive.
Deja vu
.

Pictured:. Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders, Wiki Commons, Public Domain

Directions:
1. Pre-Read: Read the prompts/questions within this guide before you read the chapter.
2. Skim: Flip through the chapter and note titles and subtitles. Look at images and read captions. Get a feel for the content you are about to read.
3. Read/Analyze: Read the chapter. If you have your own copy of AMSCO, Highlight key events and people as you read. Remember, the goal is not
to “fish” for a specific answer(s) to reading guide questions, but to consider questions in order to critically understand what you read!
4. Write Write (do not type) your notes and analysis in the spaces provided. Complete it in INK!

Key Concepts FOR PERIOD 7:

Key Concept 7.1: Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its
economic system.
Key Concept 7.2: Innovations in communications and technology contributed to the growth of mass culture, while significant
changes occurred in internal and international migration patterns.
Key Concept 7.3: Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while
renewing domestic debates over the nation’s proper role in the world.

This Guide has a slightly different format from the guides you completed last semester, FYI!
Some questions may require prior knowledge or researching sources such as your book, historical websites, or
prior class materials.

Learning Goals:
Trace the expansion of the United States political and economic power on the world stage at the turn of the 20 th century. Assess the role the
United States played in world affairs by the time WWI erupted in Europe.

Section 1 Period Overview, page 408

Overview Alternate View
Explain how this Period illustrates a turning point. Explain a different view… (a different turning point)
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Guided Reading, pp 409-410

1. Main Idea and Overarching Question: In the 1890s a number of economic and political forces sparked a spectacular burst of
imperialistic expansionism for the United States that culminated in the Spanish-American War—a war that began over freeing
Cuba and ended with the highly controversial acquisition of the Philippines and other territories. Analyze the causes and effects
of imperialism.

Main Events/Main Ideas Definitions/Explanations

(Consider this left column the answer or outline
to the main idea and overarching question above. (In this column, take notes as you read. These notes should define and explain the answer/outline in the left hand column.)
Your goal is to understand the questions and
answers after you read each section.)

As a new nation under the

Constitution, 1789, the United States
began a policy of expansion yet
determined to stay out of foreign
affairs.

a. Neutrality Policy
b. Louisiana Purchase
c. War of 1812
d. Monroe Doctrine
e. Mexican-American War
f. French occupation of Mexico
g. Seward’s Folly

The industrialization of the nation during the

Gilded Age created a need for foreign
entanglements in order to secure raw
materials and markets. This led to increased
government focus on international affairs, and
increased public interest in other countries.

a. Frederick Jackson Turner’s Frontier

Thesis, 1893
b. Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
overthrown by American settlers
c. Senator Alfred Beveridge, 1898:

“Today we are raising more than we can consume.

Today we are making more than we can use... Therefore
we must find new markets for our produce, new
occupation for our capital, new work for our labor... Ah!
As our commerce spreads, the flag of liberty will circle
the globe and the highway of the ocean - carrying trade
to all mankind -will be guarded by the guns of the
republic. And as their thunders salute the flag, benighted
(ignorant) peoples will know that the voice of liberty is
speaking, at last, for them... that civilization is dawning
at last, for them.”

d.. Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan

e International Darwinism
f. Josiah Strong
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…continued from previous page…
Main Idea and Overarching Question: In the 1890s a number of economic and political forces sparked a spectacular burst of
imperialistic expansionism for the United States that culminated in the Spanish-American War—a war that began over
freeing Cuba and ended with the highly controversial acquisition of the Philippines and other territories. Analyze the causes
and effects of imperialism.

Main Events/Main Ideas Definitions/Explanations

(Consider this left column the answer or
outline (In this column, take notes as you read. These notes should define and explain the answer/outline in the left hand column.)
to the main idea and overarching question
above. Your goal is to understand the
questions and answers after you read each
section.)
Securing the ideals of the Monroe
Doctrine became increasingly
important after the C ivil War.
The United States became
involved in international affairs
during the Gilded Age t o secure
that doctrine.

a. Big Sister Diplomacy

b. Pan-American Conference
of 1889

c. Venezuela and British

Guiana border dispute, 1895

d. Spanish-American War

2. What is the historical significance of the Ostend Manifesto in terms of American interest in Cuba and the Spanish-
American War in 1898? Why was there so much interest in Cuba both before and after the Civil War?
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3. Evaluate the causes and effects of the Spanish-American War. Your notes should include basic descriptions of
each cause and effect listed but also address the prompt with complex analysis.

Causes Effects
Jingoism, Cuban Revolt of 1895, Yellow Journalism, De Lome Treaty of Paris, 1898, Annexation of Hawaii, 1898, Filipino
Letter, 1898, Sinking of the USS Maine, 1898, McKinley’s Insurrection, 1899-1902, Insular Cases, Platt Amendment, The
ultimatum to Spain, McKinley’s call for war, Teller Great Rapprochement
Amendment

4. What role did Commodore George Dewey play in the Spanish American War?

5. What role did Theodore Roosevelt play in the Spanish American War?
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6. Compare and contrast the two sides of this debate.

Arguments of the Philippines Debate

Anti-Imperialists… Expansionists or Imperialists…

*Anti-Imperialist League:

7. Were the anti-imperialists successful in the election of 1900?

1900 Election
Republican
Candidate:

Platform:

Democratic
Opponent:

Opponent’s
Platform:

8. Why was Theodore Roosevelt selected to by McKinley’s running mate in 1900?

TR: Brandisher of the Big Stick

September 1901: Roosevelt became the youngest president of U.S. at the age of 42 after McKinley was assassinated.
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9. One effect of the Spanish-American War was increased interest in foreign trade. This led to the
building of the Panama Canal. Explain how Theodore Roosevelt led this mission to create a shortcut
through Latin America. Include in your explanation the following treaties: Hay- Pauncefote Treaty,
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty.

10. In what other ways did Theodore Roosevelt expand American influence abroad?
Main Events… Impact on American foreign policy and international relations…
Roosevelt Corollary

Russo-Japanese War

Gentlemen’s
Agreement

Great White Fleet

Root-Takahira
Agreement
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11. In what ways did President William Howard Taft differ from his predecessor, Theodore Roosevelt, in his approach to
American imperialism? (explain strategy/event while also comparing to TR)

Main Events Impact on American foreign policy and international relations and how it differed from Teddy

Dollar Diplomacy

Chinese Railroads

Nicaragua

Lodge Corollary

12. In what ways did President Woodrow Wilson differ from his predecessors, Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard
Taft, in his approach to American imperialism? (explain strategy/event while also comparing to TR & HT)

Main Events Impact on American foreign policy and international relations and how it differed from Teddy &
William
Moral Diplomacy

Jones Act

U.S. Citizenship for Puerto

Ricans

Panama Canal tolls

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…continued from previous page…
In what ways did President Woodrow Wilson differ from his predecessors, Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard
Taft, in his approach to American imperialism? (explain strategy/event while also comparing to TR & HT)

Conciliation treaties

Tampico Incident

Pancho Villa

Historical Perspectives: Did Economics Drive Imperialism? (page 424)

Explain and defend each position.
Yes, it was economically motivated: No, it had other causes:

Closing thoughts…
Consider the two questions below and ask yourself if you are prepared to answer them with evidence. These are the most
important thematic objectives you must be ready to address!

1. How did ideas about national identity change in the United States in response to involvement in the Spanish – American
War and the foreign policies that followed it?
2. What were the causes and effects of the Spanish-American war, Big Stick foreign policy, Dollar Diplomacy, and Moral
Diplomacy?
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One more thing….
Review the terms below and then summarize their historical significance in terms ofAmerican imperialism.
How is the White Man’s Burden a cause for imperialism?
What role did it play in later involvement in foreign affairs?

The “White Man’s Burden” is a poem by Rudyard Kipling expounding

the duty of the Western world to colonize and civilize “barbarians” in
Africa and other non-white places by forcing upon them religion and
Anglo-Saxon values. This was mostly used as an excuse to exploit their
underprivileged lessers under the guise of helping them.

What other territories did America acquire during this era? Why were they
desired?

Puerto Rico was neither a state nor a territory. However, the Foraker
Act of 1900 granted a limited degree of popular government to the
Puerto Ricans. Puerto Rico is still an American territory today.

How did the war impact relations between North and South?

John Philip Sousa wrote rousing military marching band music that
boosted patriotism and support for the Spanish-American War.
Patriotism continued to increase following the war.

What does Taft’s view of Filipinos reveal about American foreign policy?

William Howard Taft was so fond of the Filipino people that he called
them his “little brown brothers.” William Howard Taft became the civil
governor of the Philippines in 1901, and then president of the United
States in 1909.

What does the Open Door Policy reveal about American foreign policy?

In the summer of 1899, John Hay urged trading powers to announce

their leaseholds or spheres of influence in China with the Open Door
Note. This note also promoted the respect of certain Chinese rights and
the ideal of fair competition, but Hay did not consult the Chinese. All
trading powers agreed except for Russia.

What was the result of the Boxer Rebellion?

The “Boxers” were uber patriotic Chinese who did not approve of the
Open Door Policy. Their war cry was to “Kill foreign devils!” They killed
200 whites including many Christian missionaries. It is known as the
Boxer Rebellion.