PAPER

Basic Development of English Curriculum

Lecturer: Dr. Marhamah S.Pd., M.Ed

Compiled by:

WAN LATIFAAZZAHRA (226310253)

MELLY TRIRAHMI MUSRIDAYAT (226310291)

FEBIAN NABILA AZZAHRA LUBIS (226310753)

NAYA ALFASHA (226310056)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
RIAU ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
PEKANBARU
2024
 PREFACE

All puja and praise we are grateful to the presence of Allah SWT who is the most loving
again the most merciful, sholawat and salam we chant to our lord, prophet Muhammad SAW.
With His Taufiq Allah SWT gives us strength, health, and fortitude so that we can compile this
paper as well as possible to fulfill the assignment of academic curriculum development We
would like to thank the many parties who have helped us in the preparation of this paper. This
paper is not only made to fulfill the academic curriculum, but we hope that our paper can be used
as a guide for the campus in determining the next step.
We realize that nothing is perfect in this world except Allah SWT, as well as our paper.
Criticism and suggestions are very much expected to improve the quality of the content of this
paper. For all mistakes, we apologize profusely. Hopefully, this paper can be useful for all those
who read it. Thank you.

Pekanbaru, 27 February 2024

Writer
 CHARTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
The English curriculum refers to the structured plan and framework for teaching and
learning the English language, literature, writing, grammar, and communication skills within
an educational system. It outlines the objectives, content, teaching methods, assessment
strategies, and resources used to facilitate the development of language proficiency and
literacy among students. The English curriculum typically encompasses various aspects such
as reading comprehension, writing proficiency, speaking and listening skills, literary
analysis, vocabulary acquisition, and understanding of grammar rules. It aims to equip
students with the necessary linguistic and communicative competence to effectively engage
with English language texts, express themselves fluently and accurately, and critically
evaluate information and ideas presented in written and spoken forms. The specific content
and structure of an English curriculum may vary depending on factors such as educational
standards, grade levels, cultural contexts, and instructional philosophies.

1.2 Problem Solving

1. What is Historical background of English curriculum development?
2. What is Key components of a basic English curriculum?
3. What is Challenges and issues in English curriculum development?

1.3 Purpose of Discussion

1. To find Historical background of English curriculum development.
2. To find Key components of a basic English curriculum.
3. To find Challenges and issues in English curriculum development.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1 Historical background of English curriculum development
The historical development of English curriculum can be traced back to various
significant periods and movements in education. Here's a brief overview:

1. Early Education and Classical Influences: In ancient civilizations such as Greece and Rome,
education often focused on the study of classical languages like Greek and Latin. The curriculum
emphasized grammar, rhetoric, and literature, laying the foundation for the study of language and
literature that would influence English education in later centuries.

2. Medieval and Renaissance Periods: During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, education in
Europe was largely centered around religious institutions such as monasteries and cathedral
schools. The curriculum included the study of Latin, which was considered the language of
learning and scholarship. English education during this time primarily served the clergy and the
elite class.

3. The Enlightenment and Emergence of English Literature: The Enlightenment period saw a
shift towards humanism and the rise of vernacular languages. English gradually gained
importance as a language of literature and scholarship. The curriculum began to include the
study of English literature alongside Latin and Greek classics.

4. 19th Century and the Rise of National Education Systems: With the advent of compulsory
education in the 19th century, governments began to establish national education systems. The
curriculum became more standardized and structured, with an emphasis on basic literacy skills
including reading, writing, and arithmetic. English language instruction was formalized, focusing
on grammar, composition, and literature.

5. Progressive Education Movement: In the early 20th century, the progressive education
movement advocated for child-centered learning and a more holistic approach to education. This
influenced English curriculum development by emphasizing experiential learning, creative
expression, and the integration of literature across various subject areas.

6. Post-World War II Era and Language Teaching Methods: Following World War II,
advancements in linguistics and psychology led to the development of new language teaching
methods such as the Audio-Lingual Method and the Communicative Approach. These
approaches emphasized oral communication skills and real-life language use, shaping the way
English was taught in schools.

7. Contemporary Trends: In recent decades, English curriculum development has been

influenced by globalization, technology, multiculturalism, and the increasing importance of
English as a global lingua franca. Curricula have evolved to incorporate digital literacy,
multicultural literature, critical thinking skills, and intercultural communication competencies.

Throughout history, English curriculum development has reflected broader societal changes,
educational philosophies, and pedagogical trends, with a continual emphasis on equipping
students with the language skills and literacy competencies needed for academic, professional,
and personal success.

2.2 Key components of a basic English curriculum.

A basic English curriculum typically includes key components that aim to develop students'
language proficiency, literacy skills, and critical thinking abilities. Here are some essential
components:

1. Reading Comprehension: Activities and materials designed to improve students' ability

to understand and interpret various types of texts, including fiction, non-fiction, poetry,
and informational articles.

2. Writing Skills: Instruction and practice in different forms of writing, such as narrative,
descriptive, expository, and persuasive writing. This includes teaching grammar,
punctuation, sentence structure, and paragraph organization.

3. Vocabulary Development: Strategies for expanding students' vocabulary through direct

instruction of word meanings, context clues, word roots, prefixes, and suffixes.
Vocabulary instruction may also include activities like word games, context-based
exercises, and reading comprehension tasks.

4. Speaking and Listening Skills: Opportunities for students to develop effective oral
communication skills, including speaking clearly, listening actively, and participating in
discussions, debates, presentations, and oral presentations.

5. Literary Analysis: Exploration of literary elements such as plot, character, setting,

theme, symbolism, and figurative language through the study of literature. This
component may involve reading and analyzing a variety of literary genres, including
novels, short stories, plays, and poetry.

6. Critical Thinking and Analysis: Activities and discussions aimed at developing

students' ability to analyze, evaluate, and interpret texts critically. This includes
identifying author's purpose, bias, rhetorical devices, and making connections between
texts and real-world issues.
 7. Research Skills: Instruction in conducting research, evaluating sources, synthesizing
information, and citing sources accurately. This component may involve writing research
papers, conducting literature reviews, and using digital resources effectively.

8. Cultural Literacy and Diversity: Exposure to a diverse range of texts that reflect
different cultures, perspectives, and experiences. This component promotes empathy,
cultural understanding, and appreciation for diversity through literature and other media.

9. Digital Literacy: Integration of technology tools and resources to support language

learning, research, collaboration, and communication. This may include instruction in
internet research skills, digital writing platforms, multimedia presentations, and online
communication tools.

10. Assessment and Feedback: Ongoing assessment of students' progress in reading,

writing, speaking, and listening skills through a variety of formative and summative
assessments. Teachers provide feedback to students to guide their learning and growth in
English language proficiency.

These components are typically adapted and scaffolded according to students' developmental
levels, interests, and learning needs, and may vary depending on grade level, educational
standards, and curriculum guidelines.

2.3 Challenges and issues in English curriculum development.

English curriculum development faces various challenges and issues, which can arise from
factors such as educational policies, societal changes, linguistic diversity, and pedagogical
approaches. Some of the key challenges and issues include:

1. Standardization vs. Flexibility: Balancing the need for standardized learning outcomes
with the recognition of diverse student needs and learning contexts. Curriculum
developers must navigate between ensuring consistency in educational standards and
allowing for flexibility to accommodate individual differences in learning styles,
interests, and abilities.

2. Multilingualism and Language Diversity: Addressing the needs of students who speak
English as a second or additional language, as well as those who come from linguistically
diverse backgrounds. English curriculum development must consider how to support
language learners in developing English proficiency while valuing and preserving their
home languages and cultural identities.

3. Integration of Technology: Keeping pace with advancements in technology and

integrating digital tools and resources effectively into the English curriculum. This
 includes providing professional development for teachers to enhance their digital literacy
skills and ensuring equitable access to technology for all students.

4. Literacy in the Digital Age: Adapting the English curriculum to address the changing
literacy landscape in the digital age, including the prevalence of online reading materials,
social media, digital communication platforms, and multimedia texts. Curriculum
developers must consider how to teach critical literacy skills needed to navigate and
evaluate digital texts effectively.

5. Cultural Relevance and Representation: Ensuring that the English curriculum reflects
the cultural diversity of students and includes texts and topics that are relevant and
engaging to a wide range of learners. This involves selecting literature and other
materials that represent diverse voices, perspectives, and experiences, as well as
addressing issues of bias, stereotypes, and cultural appropriation in the curriculum.

6. Assessment Practices: Developing meaningful and authentic assessment practices that

accurately measure students' English language proficiency and literacy skills. This
includes moving beyond traditional standardized tests to incorporate performance-based
assessments, portfolios, project-based learning, and other forms of authentic assessment
that provide a more comprehensive understanding of students' abilities.

7. Equity and Access: Addressing disparities in access to quality English education and
resources, particularly for students from marginalized or underserved communities.
English curriculum development must consider how to provide equitable learning
opportunities for all students, regardless of socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity,
language background, or special needs.

8. Teacher Preparation and Professional Development: Providing teachers with the

necessary training, support, and resources to effectively implement the English
curriculum in their classrooms. This includes ongoing professional development
opportunities focused on pedagogical strategies, cultural competence, language
instruction, technology integration, and assessment practices.

Addressing these challenges and issues requires collaboration among stakeholders, including
educators, curriculum developers, policymakers, community members, and students themselves,
to ensure that the English curriculum meets the needs of diverse learners in today's globalized
world.
 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
3.1 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the development of a basic English curriculum is a complex and
multifaceted process that involves addressing various challenges and issues. To create an
effective English curriculum, curriculum developers must strike a balance between
standardization and flexibility, integrate technology and digital literacy skills, promote cultural
relevance and representation, and ensure equity and access for all students. Additionally, the
curriculum should focus on fostering essential language proficiency, literacy skills, critical
thinking abilities, and cultural awareness among learners.

Moreover, it is essential to provide teachers with the necessary training, support, and
resources to effectively implement the curriculum in diverse classroom settings. Ongoing
professional development opportunities are crucial for enhancing pedagogical strategies, cultural
competence, language instruction, technology integration, and assessment practices.

Ultimately, collaboration among stakeholders, including educators, curriculum

developers, policymakers, community members, and students, is essential to design and
implement an English curriculum that meets the needs of learners in today's globalized world. By
addressing these challenges and issues thoughtfully and inclusively, we can create a dynamic and
relevant English curriculum that prepares students for success in academic, professional, and
personal endeavors.

3.2 QUESTION

1. How does basic English curriculum development differ from more advanced or specialized
English curriculum development?
2. What are the core components that should be present in a basic English curriculum?

3. How can a basic English curriculum accommodate the needs of students who have diverse
linguistic or cultural backgrounds?

4. What is the role of digital technology in the development of a basic English curriculum?

5. How can the primary English curriculum promote inclusivity and appropriate cultural
representation?

6. How can primary English curriculum development consider the learning needs of students
with learning difficulties or disabilities?

7. What are the main challenges in evaluating and measuring the success of the primary English
curriculum?

8. How can English teachers continue to develop and update their teaching approaches in line
with the development of the primary English curriculum?

3.3 ANSWER

1. Basic English curriculum development is often more oriented towards learning basic
language, literacy and communication skills that are essential for all students, while
more advanced or specialized English curricula may be more specific in their focus,
such as English literature, creative writing or translation.
2. Core components in a primary English curriculum typically include learning reading,
writing, listening and speaking skills, vocabulary development, grammatical
understanding and text analysis.
3. The development of a primary English curriculum should take into account the needs
of students with diverse linguistic or cultural backgrounds by introducing culturally
relevant materials and supporting the progressive development of their English
language skills.
4. Digital technology can play an important role in the development of the primary
English curriculum by providing access to online learning resources, educational
software and interactive platforms that can increase student engagement and support
personalized learning.
5. The primary English curriculum should ensure appropriate cultural representation by
including a range of texts and materials that reflect the diverse cultures, experiences
and perspectives of students.

6. The primary English curriculum should consider the learning needs of students who
have learning difficulties or disabilities by providing adapted learning strategies,
additional support and inclusive assessment
7. Key challenges in evaluating and measuring the success of the primary English
curriculum include determining relevant performance indicators, developing valid
and reliable assessment instruments and ensuring that assessments reflect the
achievement of learning objectives.
8. English teachers can continue to develop and update their teaching approaches in line
with developments in the primary English curriculum by attending professional
training, collaborating with fellow educators and keeping abreast of developments in
the field of education and language.

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