Spoken English

Passive Voice
 Active Voice 2
Next

Subject Verb Object

(कता) does ( या) on (कम)

Eg:- I teach English

I wrote the book
You will help her
Students make notes
 3
Next

• Here 'Doer' (Subject) does the 'Verb' on the 'object'. (Here कता या को कम पर
करता है ।)
Now let us assume we want to
• Put 'object' at the beginning of the sentence or
This book has been written by me.
Eg:-
ये कताब मेरे वारा लखी गई है ।
• We don't know who the doer is or
He was killed.
Eg:- उसक ह या हो गई।
• The doer is not that important and we do not need to mention it, we
use Passive Voice.
He was declared dead.
Eg:- उसे मत घो षत कर दया गया।
ृ
(अगर हम object से वा य क शु आत करना चाहते हो या हम कता कौन है ये पता नह ं हो या फर कता
इतना मह वपूण नह ं हो क उसका उ लेख कया जाए तो हम Passive Voice का योग करते ह।)
 Passive Voice 4
Next

Verb does
on ( या)

Verb does
on ( या)
 Now let us see Passive Voice one by one. 5
(अब Passive Voice एक-एक कर के दे ख।) Next

Simple Present Tense

Active Voice Subject + V1 + object.

Passive Voice Object + is/ am/ are + V3 + by + Subject.

Examples
6. She needs help.
1. I teach English.
7. Mukesh sings classical songs.
2. I write books.
8. I watch television every night.
3. She helps all.
9. She plays Hockey.
4. Prashant understands her.
10. Soldiers follow commands.
5. We send messages
 6
Simple Present Tense Next

Translate into English

1. यहाँ English पढ़ाई जाती है ।

2. अं ेजी पूर द ु नया म बोल जाती है ।

3. UP म अपरा धय का encounter कर दया जाता है ।

4. गर बो को मु त राशन दया जाता है ।

5. हर साल सरकार के वारा कई schemes शु क जाती है ।

 7
Answers (Simple Present Tense) Next

1. English is taught by me.

2. Books are written by me.

Answers (Translate into English)
3. All are helped by her.

4. She is understood by Prashant. 1. English is taught here.

5. Messages are sent by us. 2. English is spoken all over the

world.
6. Help is needed by her.
3. Criminals are encountered in UP
2. Classical songs are sung by Mukesh.
4. Free ration is given to the poor.
3. Television is watched by me every night.

4. Hockey is played by her.

5. Every year several schemes are
launched by the government.
5. Commands are followed by soldiers.
 8
Change in Pronoun with Change of Voice
Next

Verb Explanation of 4 & 5

के पहले के बाद
Preceded by followed by
Subject Form Object Form

He लड़का के लए Him
Singular She लड़क के लए Her
It नज व व तु व जानवर के लए It
I म Me
We हम लोग Us
Plural
They वे (he, she, it का बहुवचन) Them
Singular
You आप, आप लोग You
Plural
 9
Simple Past Tense Next

Active Voice Subject + V2 + object.

Passive Voice Object + was/ were + V3 + by + Subject.

Examples
6. He bought a gun.
1. I helped them.
7. The man stole my purse.
2. Some Americans saw an alien.
8. The bird made a nest to lay eggs.
3. He made a plan.
9. My brother gifted a dress.
4. She shed tears.
10. Parul answered all the questions
5. Rashmi liked him. correctly.
 10
Simple Past Tense Next

Translate into English

1. वह नमम तर के से मारा गया।

2. उसे कानपूर ले जाया गया जहाँ उसे एक एनकाऊँटर म मार दया गया।

3. कल ह उसे UP पु लस को स प दया गया था।

4. उसे MP म गर तार कया गया था।

5. उसके सा थय को गर तार कया गया और उसके सभी ठकान पर रे ड क गई।

 11
Answers (Simple Past Tense) Next

1. They were helped by me.

Answers (Translate into English)
2. An alien was seen by some Americans.

3. A plan was made by him. 1. He was killed mercilessly.

4. Tears were shed by her. 2. He was taken to Kanpur where

he was killed in an encounter.
5. He was liked by Rashmi.
3. Yesterday only he was handed
6. A gun was bought by him. over to the UP Police.
7. My purse was stolen by the man.
4. He was arrested in MP.
8. A nest was made by the bird to lay eggs.
9. A dress was gifted by my brother. 5. His accomplices were arrested
10. All the questions were correctly answered by Parul. and all his premises were
raided.
 12
Simple Future Tense Next

I/ We — shall

Active Voice Subject + will/ shall/ could/ can/ should + Vb.f. + object.

Passive Voice Object + will/ shall/ can/ could/ should + be + V3 + by + Subject.

Examples
6. Your boss will question you.
1. I shall inform you.
7. Media will raise the issue of fake
2. She will sweep the floor. encounter.

3. She will spread the butter. 8. My mother will not punish me.

4. Rohan will post the letter. 9. Harish will pack the bags soon.

5. I will need a gun. 10. I will soon give the relieving letter.
 13
Simple Future Tense Next

Translate into English

1. अब द ु नया के वारा ऊँगुल उठाई जाएगी।

2. मानव अ धकार आयोग के वारा Notices भेजे जाएंगे।

3. यायपा लका के वारा Committee बठाई जाएगी।

4. सरकार को कोसा जाएगा।

5. अब सवाल ये उठता है क या अब से याय ऐसे कया जाएगा।

 14
Answers (Simple Future Tense) Next

Answers (Translate into English)

1. You will be informed by me.
2. The floor will be swept by her.
3. The butter will be spread by her. 1. Now finger will be raised by the
whole world.
4. The letter will be posted by Rohan.
5. A gun will be needed by me. 2. Notices will be sent by Human
6. You will be questioned by your boss. Rights Commission.
7. The issue of fake encounter will be raised by Media. 3. A committee will be set up by
8. I shall not be punished by my mother. the Judiciary.
9. The bags will be packed by Harish soon. 4. The government will be cursed.
10. The relieving letter will be soon given by me.
5. Now the question arises
whether justice will be
delivered in this manner
henceforth.
 15
Present Continuous Tense Next

Active Voice Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing + object.

Passive Voice Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject.

Examples

1. He is teaching us 6. She is feeding the poor.

2. The labourers are digging a well. 7. The PMO is investigating the case.

3. We are watching a movie. 8. We are demanding our rights.

4. The government is not taking 9. The chief is discussing the matter.

the pandemic seriously.
10. He is drafting a case.
5. I am writing a letter.
 16
Present Continuous Tense Next

Translate into English

1. लोग को साधारण बुखार क दवा द जा रह है ।

2. उ ह एकांतवास म रखा जा रहा है ।

3. एक PIL के अनुसार, Corona काल म लाश के साथ अपमा नत तर के से यवहार कया जा रहा है ।

4. अब case क जाँच क जा रह है और लाश को postmortem के लए ले जाया जा रहा है ।

5. ब च को Online पढ़ाया जा रहा है ।

 17
Answers (Present Continuous Tense) Next

1. We are being taught by him. Answers (Translate into English)

2. A well is being dug by the labourers. 1. People are being given medicines
of simple fever.
3. A movie is being watched by us.
OR
4. The pandemic is not being taken seriously by the
government. Medicines of simple fever are
being given to the people.
5. A letter is being written by me.
2. They are being kept in isolation.
6. The poor are being fed by her. The Poor  गर ब लोग
3. According to a PIL, in corona
‘The Poor’ is a plural noun so Plural Verb ‘are’ is
period, dead bodies are being
needed here.
treated disrespectfully.
7. The case is being investigated by the PMO. 4. Now the case is being
8. Our rights are being demanded by us. investigated and the dead body
is being taken for postmortem.
9. The matter is being discussed by the chief.
5. Children are being taught online.
10. A case is being drafted by him.
 18
Past Continuous Tense Next

Active Voice Subject + was/were + V1 + ing + object.

Passive Voice Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject.

Examples

1. I was thinking of a new plan. 6. She was helping the poor.

2. She was looking into the matter. 7. Mohan was making a noise.
3. Rajesh was taking care of the old 8. Rajesh was attending the music
people. class.
4. My parents were looking for a 9. You were always disturbing the
suitable match. class.
5. He was cleaning the mess. 10. Some countries were trying new
medicines to control corona.
 19
Past Continuous Tense Next

Translate into English

1. उसे अपराध क जगह पर ले जाया जा रहा था।

2. Corona America के वारा गंभीरता से नह ं लया जा रहा था।
3. लोग को धम के नाम पर मख
ु बनाया जा रहा था।
4. अपरा धय को पु लस के वारा संर ण दया जा रहा था।
5. अरबो डालर बेकार के अनुसंधान पर खच कये जा रहे थे।
 20
Answers (Past Continuous Tense) Next

1. A new plan was being thought of by me. Answers (Translate into English)
2. The matter was being looked into by her.
1. He was being taken to the crime scene.
3. The old people were being taken care of by
Rajesh. 2. Corona was not being taken by America
4. A suitable match was being looked for by seriously.
my parents.
3. People were being fooled in the name of
(1-4) : If a Preposition comes in Active Voice, it religion.
must be used in Passive Voice.
5. The mess was being cleaned by him. 4. Criminals were being protected by the
6. The poor were being helped by her. police.
7. A noise was being made by Mohan. 5. Trillions of dollars were being spent on
8. The music class was being attended by Rajesh. useless research.
9. The class was always being disturbed by you.
10. New medicines were being tried by some
countries to control corona.
 21
Future Continuous Tense Next

Active Voice Subject + will/ shall + be + V1 + ing + object.

Passive Voice
 22
Present Perfect Tense Next

Active Voice Subject + has/have + V3 + object.

Passive Voice Object + has/ have + been + V3 + by + Subject.

Examples 6. The government has launched some

schemes.
1. I have seen this movie. 7. India has already made Corona
2. Sheela has supported me. vaccine.
8. She has performed her duty well.
3. Rishi has made the bed.
9. My mother has scolded me very
4. You have cleaned all the clothes. badly.
5. My brother has bought this car. 10. The Judiciary has taken this matter
seriously.
 23
Present Perfect Tense Next

Translate into English

1. मर जो को Isolation Centres म रखा गया है ।

2. गंभीर मर जो पर ला मा therapy आजमाया गया है ।

3. जो मर ज अब ठ क है उ ह घर भेज दया गया है ।

4. चीन क सेना को पीछे ढकेल दया गया है ।

5. भारत-पाक बाडर पर Cease fire का उ लंघन कया गया है ।

 24
Answers (Present Perfect Tense) Next

1. This movie has been seen by me. Answers (Translate into English)
2. I have been supported by Sheela.
1. Patients have been kept in isolation
3. The bed has been made by Rishi centres.
4. All the clothes have been cleaned by you.
2. Plasma therapy has been tried on
5. This car has been bought by my brother.
serious patients.
6. Some schemes have been launched by the
government. 3. Those patients who are well now have
7. Corona vaccine has already been made by
been sent home.
India.
4. The army of China has been pushed
8. Her duty has been performed well by her. back.
9. I have been scolded very badly by my
mother. 5. Cease fire has been violated on Indo-
Pak border.
10. This matter has been taken seriously by the
Judiciary.
 25
Past Perfect Tense Next

Active Voice Subject + had + V3 + object.

Passive Voice Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject.

Examples 6. My sister had fired the servant.

7. The WHO had given wrong
1. I had completed the work till then. information about Corona.
2. My mother had seen the thief. 8. Such a pandemic had crippled
3. A pilot had predicted such an the world 100 years ago too.
accident. 9. The boys had left a frog in the
4. The staff had informed the police. drawer.
5. He had already destroyed the 10. The teacher had lodged a
documents. complaint against you.
 26
Past Perfect Tense Next

Translate into English

1. उसे सभी ठकानो पर ले जाया गया था।

2. पु लस के वारा कई दे सी बम एवं अवैध ह थयार ज त कए गए थे।
3. ऐसे sports सरु त नह ं है और बहुत पहले ह इन पर तबंध लगा दया गया था।
4. सैकड़ो साल पहले हमारे पूवज के वारा इस भाषा को भुला दया गया था।
5. तु हारे आने से पहले ह court के वारा फैसला सुना दया गया था।
 27
Answers (Past Perfect Tense) Next

1. The work had been completed by me till Answers (Translate into English)
then.
2. The thief had been seen by my mother. 1. He had been taken to all the locations.
3. Such an accident had been predicted by a
pilot. 2. Many crude bombs and illegal weapons
4. The police had been informed by the staff. had been confiscated by the police.
5. The documents had already been destroyed
by him. 3. Such sports are not safe and they had
6. The servant had been fired by my sister. been banned a long time ago.
7. Wrong information about Corona had been
given by the WHO. 4. Centuries ago, this language had been
8. The world had been crippled by such a forgotten by our ancestors.
pandemic 100 years ago too.
9. A frog had been left in the drawer by the
5. The judgement had been pronounced
boys. by the court before you came.
10. A complaint had been lodged against you by
the teacher.
 28
Future Perfect Tense Next

Active Voice Subject + will/ shall + have + V3 + object.

Passive Voice Object + will/shall + have + been + V3 + by + Subject.

Examples
1. She will have sorted out the matter.

2. The shopkeeper will have given some discount.

3. The milkman will have stopped the service by then.

4. We shall have taken the test by this time next week.

5. The ED officers will have arrested him by then.

 29
Future Perfect Tense Next

6. The Indian Army will have pushed back the Chinese Army by then.

7. My mother will have cooked the finest meal before I reach home.

8. Scientists will have invented the vaccine by the end of this year.

9. Millions of people will have lost their jobs due to this pandemic.

10. Corona will have changed our society, economy and mindset too if it
doesn't go soon.
 30
Future Perfect Tense Next

Translate into English

1. इस साल के अंत तक, कई समझौतो पर ह ता र हो जाएंगे।

2. August के अंत तक, ये batch सफलतापव

ू क ख म कर दया गया होगा।

3. POK मामला ज द ह अंतरा य तर पर उठाया जा चुका होगा।

4. कई लोग नौकर से नकाले जा चुके ह गे।

5. कई companies को 2021 तक बंद कर दया गया होगा।

 31
Answers (Future Perfect Tense) Next

Answers (Translate into English)

1. The matter will have been sorted out by her.
2. Some discount will have been given by the
shopkeeper.
1. Many agreements will have
3. The service will have been stopped by the milkman been signed by the end of this
by then. year.
4. The test will have been taken by us by this time
next week. 2. This batch will have been
5. He will have been arrested by the ED officers by completed successfully by the
then. end of August.
6. The Chinese Army will have been pushed back by
the Indian Army by then.
3. The POK issue will have been
7. The finest meal will have been cooked by my raised soon at international
mother before I reach home. level.
8. The vaccine will have been invented by scientists
by the end of this year.
4. Many people will have been
9. Jobs will have been lost by millions of people due to removed from job.
this pandemic.
5. Many companies will have been
10. Our society, economy and mindset too will have
been changed by corona if it doesn't go soon.
closed shut down by 2021.
 32
Modals Next

Simple Modals Modal Perfect

Subject + modal + Vb.f + Subject + modal + have +
Active Voice Active Voice
object. V3 + object.

Passive Voice Object + modal + be + V3 + Passive Voice Object + modal + have +

by + Subject. been + V3 + by + Subject.
Examples Examples
1. She must understand her duty. 1. She will have delivered the letter.
2. Satish should take the test. 2. The doctors could have saved him.
3. Our army must avenge the 3. She should have put on the new sari.
martyrdom of the soldiers 4. The students ought to have
respected the teachers.
4. I can lift this box.
5. My mother need not have watered
5. The doctor could not save him. the plants.
 33
Modals Next

Simple Modals Modal Perfect

6. The schools must not conduct 6. My mother should have taken care
online classes. of her health.
7. You need not take his advice 7. People should have voted him to
seriously. power.
8. The government should impose 8. The police could have arrested him
lockdown again. easily.
9. You need not have filed a
9. The poor cannot buy these
complaint.
expensive medicine.
10. The government should not have
10. China could not hide its real allowed social gatherings.
intention.
 34
Answers
Next

Simple Modals

1. Her duty must be understood by her.

2. The test should be taken by Satish.
3. The martyrdom of the soldiers must be avenged by our army.
4. This box can be lifted by me.
5. He could not be saved by the doctor.
6. Online classes must not be conducted by the schools.
7. His advice need not be taken seriously by you.
8. Lockdown should be imposed again by the government.
9. These expensive medicines cannot be bought by the poor.
10. Its real intention could not be hidden by China.
 35
Answers
Next

Modal Perfect

1. The letter will have been delivered by her.

2. He could have been saved by the doctors.
3. The new sari should have been put on by her.
4. The teachers ought to have been respected by the students.
5. The plants need not have been watered by my mother.
6. Her health should have been taken care of by my mother.
7. He should have been voted to power.
8. He could have been arrested easily.
9. A complaint need not have been filed by you.
10. Social gatherings should not have been allowed.

In these sentences we need not write by the people, by the police or by

Q. 7, 8, 10 the government because the actions mentioned here are generally done by
these subjects only.
 36
Next

Simple Modals Modal Perfect

1. ऐसे कानून को स ती से ह लागू कराया जाना 1. लोग को सुर त थान पर पहुँचाया जाना चा हए
चा हए। था।
2. उसे दोषी सा बत नह ं कया जा सका। 2. भारत के वारा अंतरा य Lockdown फरवर
म ह लगा दया जाना चा हए था।
3. लोग को हमेशा मुख नह ं बनाया जा सकता
है । 3. लोगो को March म ह साफ संदेश दे दया जाना
चा हए था।
4. सरकार के वारा कोई भी सहायता दान नह ं
4. China को पूर द ु नया के वारा एक स त संदेश
क जा सक ।
दया जा सकता था ले कन ऐसा नह ं कया गया।
5. बाढ़ पी ड़त को भगवान के दया पर नह ं छोड़ा ऐसे मख
5. ु को उनके हाल पर ह छोड़ दे ना चा हए
जाना चा हए। था।
 Modal Perfect 37
Next
Answers
Simple Modals 1. People must have been taken to safe places.
2. International lockdown must have been
Answers imposed in February only by India.
3. A clear message must have been given to
1. Such a law should be the people in March only.
implemented strictly. OR
2. He could not be proved guilty. People must have been given a clear
message in March only.
OR 4. A strict message could have been given to
He could not be convicted. China but this was not done.
OR
3. People cannot always be fooled. China could have been given a strict
4. No help could be provided by the message by the whole world but this was not
government. done.
5. Such fools should have been left in their
5. Flood victims must not be left at condition.
the mercy of god.
 38
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES Next

1. Wh family (Open questions)

Who By whom
(A.V) (P.V) 1. Who loves chocolates?
2. What did you say?
Who To whom 3. Where have you kept the pen?
(A.V) (P.V) 4. How can you do this?
in case of verb 5. Why shall I take the exam again?
know & marry 6. Why are you making a noise?
7. Who likes her?
Helping verb will 8. What have you done?
come before object as 9. Why couldn't they use public wells?
the sentence is 10. When did he fill the form?
interrogative
 39
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES Next

1. Wh family (Open questions)

(TRANSLATION)

1. ऐसे ईमानदार लोग को promote य नह ं कया जाना चा हए।

2. ऐसे हालात म या कया जा सकता है ?
3. य ना आपक bike ज त कर ल जाए?
4. उसे या- या खाने म दया जा सकता है ?
5. उन अपरा धय को फाँसी क सजा य नह ं द जानी चा हए?
 40
Answers (1
(1. Wh family (Open questions)) Next

Answers (Translate into English)

1. By whom are chocolate loved?
1. Why shouldn't such honest
2. What was said by you? people be promoted?
3. Where has the pen been kept by you? 2. What can be done in such a
situation?
4. How can this by done by you?
3. Why not your bike be
5. Why shall the exam be taken by me again? confiscated?
OR
6. Why is a noise being made by you?
Why shouldn't your bike be
7. By whom is she liked? confiscated?
8. What has been done by you? 4. What all can be given to him
in meals?
9. Why couldn't the public wells be used by them? 5. Why shouldn't those
criminals be given death
10. When was the form filled by him?
sentence?
 41
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES Next

2. Without Wh family (Closed Questions)

1. Are you reading the book?

2. Was he taking medicines on time?
3. Did he understand the lesson?
4. Has he understood the consequences?
5. Had the boys misplaced the equipment?
6. Are you taking the exam?
7. Did he see you?
8. Has he scolded you?
9. Is he taking her to the school?
10. Does he know the answer?
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INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES Next

2. Without Wh family (Closed Questions)

(TRANSLATION)
1. या lockdown बढ़ाया जा रहा है ?
2. या लोगो को पीटा गया?
3. या उसे कोट ले जाया जाएगा?
4. या concept सभी को समझ म आता है ?
5. या लोगो को परू े साल भर बना कमाई के घर म बंद रखा जा सकता है ?
 Answers (2
( 2 . Without Wh family (Closed Questions)) 43
Next

Answers (Translate into English)

1. Is the book being read by you?
2. Were medicines being taken by him on time? 1. Is the lockdown being
3. Was the lesson understood by him? extended?
4. Have the consequences been understood by him? 2. Were the people beaten?
5. Had the equipment been misplaced by the boys? 3. Will he be taken to the
6. Is the exam being taken by you? court?
7. Were you seen by him? 4. Is the concept understood by
8. Have you been scolded by him? all?
9. Is she being taken to the school him? 5. Can people be kept locked in
10. Is the answer known to him? their home for the whole
year without income?
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IMPERATIVE SENTENCES Next

Sentences of Order, Requests, Commands, Suggestions etc.

1. With obj. Let + obj + be + V3.

2. With/Without obj. You are ordered/ requested etc + to + Vb.f + object

3. Mild Suggestions Obj. + should + be + V3

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IMPERATIVE SENTENCES Next

1. Shut the door.

2. Please keep quiet.
3. Go away.
4. Take the medicine on time.
5. Come in.
6. Go from here.
7. Please complete this work today.
8. Don't move.
9. Help the poor.
10. Don't press the button.
 46
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES Next

Translate into English

1. लोगो को कुछ राशन मु त दया जाए।

2. आप को hostel खाल करने का आदे श दया जाता है ।

3. आम जनता को सू चत कया जाए।

4. आपको show शु करने क अनुम त द जाती है ।

5. अनाथो को सहायता उपल ध कराई जाये।

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Answers (Imperative Sentences) Next

1. Let the door be shut. Answers (Translate into English)

OR 1. Let the people be provided
You are ordered to shut the door. with free ration.
2. You are requested to keep quiet. OR
3. You are ordered to go away. Let free ration be provided to
4. The medicine should be taken on time. the people.
OR 2. You are ordered to vacate the
You are advised to take the medicine on time. hostel.
5. You are allowed to come in. 3. Let the common people/ the
6. You are ordered to go from here. public be informed.
7. Let this work be completed today. 4. You are allowed to start the
8. You are warned not to move. show.
9. The poor should be helped. 5. Let the orphans be provided
with help.
10. You are instructed not to press the button.
OR
OR
Let help be provided to the
You are forbidden to press the button.
orphans.