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Center of Mass Chapter11

The document discusses the concept of center of mass. It provides formulas to calculate the x-coordinate, y-coordinate, and z-coordinate of the center of mass for objects in one, two, and three dimensions. It also discusses how to calculate the velocity, acceleration, and motion of the center of mass for a system of particles. Several example problems are provided and worked through.

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50 views15 pages

Center of Mass Chapter11

The document discusses the concept of center of mass. It provides formulas to calculate the x-coordinate, y-coordinate, and z-coordinate of the center of mass for objects in one, two, and three dimensions. It also discusses how to calculate the velocity, acceleration, and motion of the center of mass for a system of particles. Several example problems are provided and worked through.

Uploaded by

lalapwjxhhc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Center of Mass (c.

m)

• The center of mass is a point in a system or object,


that moves as if all of the mass of the system is
concentrated at that point.

Center of mass in One Dimension

m x i i
m1 x1 + m 2 x 2 + ...
X = i =1
=
c.m M m1 + m 2 + ...

Where ( M = m1 + m2 +)
Example)
Q3) 2 m rod of negligible mass connects two small
objects. The mass of one object is 1kg and the mass
of the other is unknown. The center of mass of this
system is on the rod a distance 0.6 m from the 1 kg
mass object. What is the mass of the other object?
A) 0.71 B) 1 C) 0.43 D) 0.23
E) 0.3
Center of mass in two or three Dimension

m x i i
m1 x1 + m 2 x 2 + ...
X = i =1
=
c.m M m1 + m 2 + ...

m y i i
m1 y1 + m 2 y 2 + ...
Y = i =1
=
c.m M m1 + m 2 + ...
n

m z i i
m1z1 + m 2 z 2 + ...
Z = i =1
=
c.m M m1 + m 2 + ...

rc.m = x c.m ˆi + yc.m ˆj + z c.m kˆ


4) The x and y coordinates (in units of m) of the
center of mass of the three-particle system shown
below are:
A) 0, 0 B) 1.3, 1.7 C) 1.4, 1.9 D) 1.9, 2.5

Solution
5) Three particles are placed in the xy plane. A (40
g) particle is located at (3, 4) m, and a 50 g particle
is positioned at (–2, –6) m. Where a (20 g) particle
must be placed so that the center of mass of this
three-particle system is located at the origin (in units
of m)?
A) (–1, –3) B) (–1, 2) C) (–1, 12) D) (–1, 7)
Solution
6) A mass m1 2kg at r1= 2i + 3j + k and mass
m2=4kg at r2= -3i + 5k what is the center of mass.
7) At the same instant that a (0.5 kg) ball is
dropped from (25 m) above Earth, a second ball, with
a mass of (0.25 kg), is thrown straight upward from
Earth’s surface with an initial speed of (15 m/s).
They move along nearby lines and pass each other
without colliding. At the end of (2 s) the height above
Earth’s surface of the center of mass of the two-
ball system (in units of m) is:
A) 2.9 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6.7 E) 10
Solution
y1f = y1i + v1i t − gt 2 = 25 + 0 − ( 0.5 10  22 ) = 5 m
1
2
y2f = y2i + v2i t − gt 2 = 0 + (15  2 ) − ( 0.5 10  22 ) = 10 m
1
2
m1 y1 + m2 y2 ( 0.5  5) + ( 0.25 10 )
yc.m = = = 6.7 m
( m1 + m2 ) 0.5 + 0.25
Motion of a System of Particles

• Velocity and Momentum


n
1
v c.m =
M
m
i =1
i vi

Mvc.m = Ptot

• Acceleration and Force


n
1
a c.m =
M
m a
i =1
i i

F ext = Ma c.m
8) projectile of mass 10.0kg was fired with initial
velocity of 100 m/s with an angle of 37o with the
horizontal. At a certain point in its path it explodes
into (10) pieces of different masses and different
directions. The magnitude of the acceleration of the
center of mass of the resulting pieces after the
explosion (in units of m/s2) is:
A) zero B) 10 C) 100 D) 1

9) At the same instant that a (0.5 kg) ball is


dropped from (25 m) above Earth, a second ball, with
a mass of (0.25 kg), is thrown straight upward from
Earth’s surface with an initial speed of (15 m/s).
They move along nearby lines and pass without
colliding. At the end of (2 s) the magnitude of the
acceleration of the center of mass of the two-ball
system is:
A) 0.25g B) 0.50g C) 0.75g D) g
10) Block A, with a mass of (4 kg), is moving with a
speed of (2 m/s) while block B, with a mass of (8 kg),
is moving in the opposite direction with a speed of (3
m/s). The center of mass of the two block-system is
moving with a velocity of:
A) 1.3m/s in the same direction as A
B) 1.3m/s in the same direction as B
C) 2.7m/s in the same direction as A
D) 1.0m/s in the same direction as B
Solution
11) At an instant when a particle of mass (80 g) has
a velocity of (25 m/s) in the positive y direction, a
(75 g) particle has a velocity of (20 m/s) in the
positive x direction. What is the speed of the center
of mass of this two-particle system at this instant in
units of m/s)?
A) 36 B) 45 C) 23 D) 20 E) 16
Solution
12) A (3 kg) mass sliding on a frictionless surface
explodes into three (1 kg) masses. After the
explosion the velocities of the three masses are: (9
m/s, north); (4 m/s, 30° south of west); and (4 m/s,
30° south of east). What was the magnitude of the
original velocity of the (3 kg) mass (in units of m/s)?
A) 1.7 B) 1 C) 1.3 D) 2
Solution
13) At an instant when a particle of mass (50 g) has
an acceleration of (80 m/s2) in the positive x
direction, a (75 g) particle has an acceleration of (40
m/s2) in the positive y direction. What is the
magnitude of the acceleration of the center of mass
of this two-particle system at this instant (in units
of m/s2)?
A) 60 B) 56 C) 40 D) 50
Solution
14) Three particles: (m1=3 kg), (m2=2 kg) and (m3=1
kg), if the forces acting on the three particles
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
respectively are: F1 = 5i + 4j (N) , F2 = -2i + 5j (N) ,
and F3 = 3iˆ (N) . What is the acceleration of the center
of mass of the three particles (in units of m/s2)?
ˆ ˆ
A) i + 1.5j B) 0.9ˆj C) 0.6iˆ + 0.9jˆ D) î
Solution
12) In figure if m1= 8kg, m2=4kg and m3=4kg
Find the acceleration of center of mass.

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