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Abraham Microprocessor - 084452

The document discusses the architecture and components of microcontrollers. It describes the central processing unit, program memory, data memory, input/output ports, clock generator, and analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters as the main components. It also discusses the operation of microcontrollers, their applications in devices like automobiles and appliances, advantages like low cost and compact design, and differences from microprocessors like separate memory for data and programs.

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RICHARD OTIENO
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26 views4 pages

Abraham Microprocessor - 084452

The document discusses the architecture and components of microcontrollers. It describes the central processing unit, program memory, data memory, input/output ports, clock generator, and analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters as the main components. It also discusses the operation of microcontrollers, their applications in devices like automobiles and appliances, advantages like low cost and compact design, and differences from microprocessors like separate memory for data and programs.

Uploaded by

RICHARD OTIENO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Technical University of Mombasa

Faculty of Engineering and Technology


DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
ENGINEERING
UNIT NAME; MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEM APPLICATION
UNIT CODE;TEE 4403
LECTURER; MR.OMUTSANI
LAB TECH; MR. KINGOO
STUDENT NAME;ABRAHAM AJWANG
ADM NO; BTEE/017J/2017
TITLE; MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEM INTRODUCTION LAB 1
MICROCONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE
A Microcontroller is a programmable device used to control systems or other devices to perfom a
particular task.

The architecture of a microcontroller is the internal hardware design which is important to understand
the applicability of architecture for different reasons.

The architecture defines every section very clearly and distinctly

Components of a microcontroller

1. CPU(Central processing unit)

It comprises an arithmetic logic unit and also a control unit. It is the main device and coordinates the
communication between the peripheral devices such as memory, output, and also input.

2. Program memory

The modern modules of program memory are actually made up of electrically erasable
programmable read only memory (EEPROM) which is also non volatile memory

3. Data memory

It is in the microcontroller and responsible for the storage of values of temporary data and variables.
It also stores intermediate results and some other data which are important for the proper
functioning of the program.
4. Input and outputs ports

These ports are the ones that provide the physical connection of the microcontroller to the world
outside. Some sensors are present at the ports and they assist in allowing the input data from
external sources into the microcontroller.

5. Clock generator(oscillator)

The synchronization of data and the flow of the commands need to be sincere and orderly. The clock
signal helps in this important functioning of the microcontroller ensuring operations runs very
smoothly.

6. Analog to digital converter (ADC) and Digital to Analog converter (DAC)

These converts are very useful to convert the output signal in the necessary form.

OPERATION OF A MICROCONTROLLER
The fundamental and primary part of the microcontroller is the central processing unit which is capable
of processing a word length that ranges between 4 bit and 64bit. But in modern day technological
developments, the word length has increased and accordingly the range.

There is additionally a timer which is present in the microcontroller. It acts as a watchdog. There are
memory storage of different types that are present in the microcontroller and acts as storage devices.

APPLICATION OF MICROCONTROLLERS
Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices such as ;

1. Automobile engine control systems


2. Implantable medical devices
3. Remote controls
4. Office machines
5. Appliances
6. Power tools
7. Other embedded systems
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF A MICROCONTROLLER

ADVANTAGES
1. Design is more compact and easy to use
2. The cost of a microcontroller is cheap
3. All the pins which are present in the microcontroller can be programmed
4. The interfacing of ROM,RAM and also the I/O ports is very simple and easy

DISADVANTAGES
1. They have complex architecture
2. They are not suitable for high power devices
3. They can perform limited operation at the same time

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER


1. Microprocessors incorporate the functions of the CPU on a single integrated circuit while a
microcontroller is basically a computer that comes in a variety of packages and sizes.
2. Microprocessor uses Von Neumann architecture in which data and programs are present in the
same memory module while the microcontroller uses Havard architecture where data and
programs are stored in a separate memory.
3. Microprocessor is a chip with only a processor incorporated in it and external memory and I/O
components are required while a microcontroller comes with an internal memory and
peripherals components and an external processor
4. Microprocessors are inefficient when it comes to their use in compact systems while
microcontrollers however, is an efficient technique as they are used in compact systems

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