CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES

Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-Feb 2024 ISSN: 2660-4159

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PREVENTION OF DENTAL DISEASES

1. Manasova I. S Abstract: The article studies the main indicators of the
chemical composition of drinking water, which negatively
affect the health of the population, and assesses the
Received 20th Nov 2023,
compliance with the hygienic standards of the central
Accepted 28th Dec 2023, water supply. The role of water factors in the risk of the
Online 25th Jan 2024 spread of diseases of the dentoalveolar system among
adults and children (caries, fluorosis and stone diseases) is
1
noted. In this regard, there is an improvement in the
Bukhara State Medical Institute, organization of dental care by improving the quality of the
Uzbekistan composition of drinking water and informing the
population about the impact of the physical and chemical
properties of drinking water on human health.
Key words: dental diseases, factors, water supply,
chemical properties, analysis.

Relevance: research on dental diseases the concentration of fluoride in drinking water

continues to be one of the most common topics above 1.5-1.7 mg/l led to an increase in another
due to the large spread of dental diseases in the damage to the teeth - fluorosis [1], expressed in
world, despite the improvement of preventive the appearance of dark spots on the teeth, and
activities in dentistry [3]. Including caries - the at a higher concentration - led to blackening of
most common disease of childhood. Numerous the teeth, defects in their shape and structure. It
domestic and foreign studies indicate that the is important that the number of drinking water
occurrence and spread of dental caries is sources with an optimal fluoride content does
determined by a wide range of risk factors, not exceed 10-20% of all drinking water
environmental determinants. Epidemiological sources, up to 3-4% of water supply sources in
studies of numerous external factors have Uzbekistan are with an increased fluoride
shown that the incidence of caries is associated content. In cities, the amount of fluoride in
with drinking water and, specifically, with the drinking water is 0.4-0.5 mg/l.
content of fluoride in it. There were significant Characteristically, the fluoride deficiency can
differences in the types of diseases in the be partially compensated for by increased water
district territories. These factors proved to be, consumption. Therefore, for countries with a
characteristically, quite complex. Registration hot climate, the content of fluorine in water of
of dental diseases, especially caries, was 0.7-0.9 mg/l fully satisfies the body's needs for
observed with a decrease in fluorine in water of fluorine due to increased water consumption.
0.8-1.0 mg/l. With lower levels of fluoride, the Some additional aspects of the role of fluoride
incidence of caries among the population in the prevention of dental caries are important.
increased significantly in proportion to the If a pregnant woman, when drinking water with
increase in the amount of fluoride. Exceeding a maximum concentration of fluoride, is

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CAJMNS Volume: 05 Issue: 02 | Jan-Feb 2024
normal or by fluoridation and mineralization prevalence of dental diseases (caries, fluorosis,
with complexes of minerals, pastes, etc., then periodontitis) among adults and children in
enamel with a normal fluoride content in the Uzbekistan.
form of hydroxyfluorapatite is laid in the Materials and methods of the study: The
rudiments of the teeth of the fetus. Taking into object of the study was the sources of drinking
account the extreme low-speed enamel water of the central water supply of the
exchange in the fetus (about 300 days), the Bukhara region of the Romitan and Peshkun
laying actually guarantees such enamel that the districts. The work was carried out in the
baby will receive teeth with increased laboratory of the sanitary and epidemiological
resistance to acid and caries, which persists for service of the region. The analysis was carried
a number of years after their eruption. The out with the instruments of water analyzers:
protective ability of fluorides entering the body "Atomic-emission spectrometer",
of pregnant women plays an important role in "Spectrophotometer " also for analysis and
this. [5,6]. However, in pediatric dentistry, the indicator papers and reagents diphenylamine,
artificial addition of fluorides to the diet of nitric acid, Gross were used. To assess the
pregnant women is often recommended, but quality of water supply sources for the
later this leads to premature overgrowth of population, the chemical composition and
fontanelles in the fetus, which contributes to contamination of drinking water were studied.
the disruption of the labor activity of the The main source of experimental information
woman in labor. [7]. Air pollution, increased for determining the background concentrations
fluorine content in drinking water leads to of macro and microelements in the sources of
fluorosis of bones and teeth in the population the district was the data of stationary posts in
of these regions, also seriously impairs the the observation zone of the district territory,
health of the population, leads to the which passed the quality control of tap water in
emergence of infectious and non- infectious accordance with the requirements GOST No.
diseases of varying degrees affecting the oral 950:2011. [2,13,]. A comparative analysis of
cavity [11]. So, for example, in chronic lung the spread of pathologies was carried out in the
diseases, hormone treatment is accompanied by polyclinics of the district on the basis of a
a decrease in salivation, a decrease in dental examination card. Caries diseases
salivation, the appearance of bleeding gums, among children of different ages were studied.
and an increase in dental caries [8]. In people
with chronic diseases of parenchymal organs, Results and discussions of the study: The
the intensity of pathologies of the oral mucosa, results of the study of centralized drinking
stomatitis, and periodontitis increases [ 9 ]. In water supply of districts showed that out of 815
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the samples, 13 samples did not meet hygienic
nervous system among children, the standards, including the content of fluorine and
registration and intensity of dental caries iron below the norm. from 0.15 to 0.23 mg/l,
increase. The content of macroelements above which gives us the opportunity to analyze and
the norm in drinking water contributes to the evaluate the spread of dental pathologies in
deposition of salts in the body, which lead to these areas. Some macronutrients showed a
kidney stones [10]. slight overestimation of the MPC in drinking
water). Analysis of organoleptic indicators of
Aim of research was to study the importance water supply of drinking water in areas within
of macro and microelements in the composition the normal range. Smell - 1.8 points , turbidity
of drinking water in the spread of dental - 2.6 mg / dm3, taste - 1 point, color - 15
diseases among children living in the regions.
degrees pH - 6.0, dry residue - 20220.0 mg /
Based on the data studied, it is necessary to dm3. The content of chemical elements is
develop preventive measures, recommended shown in the table.
methodological manuals to reduce the

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CAJMNS Volume: 05 Issue: 02 | Jan-Feb 2024
The results of the analysis of water samples of
the districts.

The polyclinic data showed the following statistics of dental examinations of children in two districts (
Peshkunsky and Romitansky ). Registration of the incidence of children with dental caries more at an
early age from 1 to 3 years had a pathology with caries, which ranged from 12% to 45%. From 4 to 7
years old, these figures showed from 38 to 72%, from 7 to 12 years old from 72 to 94%, from 13-16
years old it was 88-81%. years (bite.) A comparative analysis allows us to obtain information about
the state of the prevalence of dental diseases of a territorial nature. having a direct relationship with the
concentration of fluoride contained in drinking water.
The value of the incidence of dental caries among children and adolescents in districts

As can be seen from the table, the intensity of The above trends in the change in the
dental pathologies Romitansky district is 1.5 magnitude of the prevalence and intensity of
times more in comparison with the incidence dental caries, depending on age and area of
than in children of the Peshkunsky district. The residence, are clearly identified in a
dry, hot climate with high solar rays is not very comparative analysis of these indicators of all
favorable for the people. The area is located on ages [ 15,18,19]
a plain, almost the entire territory is covered Conclusion: in the course of the study, it
with steppe sand. Steppe water from open and turned out that the relationship between the
underground sources is rich in macro and trace concentration of fluoride in drinking water and
elements . In drinking water sources, the the spread of dental diseases (in the territorial
fluorine content is from 0.38 to 0.43 mg/l. aspect) determines and suggests the need for a
There are some mountainous areas (hills) in the widespread introduction of a comprehensive
Romitan region. Its climate also differs from prevention system. Development of guidelines,
the current region. Laboratory studies of the planning activities to reduce the spread of
soil and water of open reservoirs revealed dental pathologies among the population of
fluorine from trace amounts up to 0.18 to 0.23 Uzbekistan.
mg/l. .[10]

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CAJMNS Volume: 05 Issue: 02 | Jan-Feb 2024
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