DAY 2 - ALGEBRA

INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.
1. What is the resultant, R, of the vectors F1, F2, and F3?
F1 = 4i + 7j + 6k F2 = 9i + 2j + 11k F3 = 5i – 3j – 6k
A. R = 13i + 6j + 11k
B. R = 18i + 8j + 11k
C. R = 18i - 6j + 11k
D. R = 18i + 6j + 11k
Solution:
Using Caltech; Press Mode; Choose Vector; Choose VctA then choose 3 vectors; Input
the first given vector; Press AC; Press Shift+Vector; Choose Data then choose VctB for
the second given vector; Do the same process for the third given vector; Press the
shift+vector then input (VctA+VctB+VctC) then press equal; The answer is 18i + 6j + 11k

2. Simplify the expression (A x B).C, given

A = 3i + 2j B = 2i + 3j + k C = 5i + 2j + 3k
A. 13
B. 15
C. 17
D. 19

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: 𝐔𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐡; 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞 𝟖(𝐯𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫). 𝐈𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭 𝐀, 𝐁 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐯𝐞

𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐨𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭.

3. What is the exponential form of the complex number 4 + 7i?

A. √𝟔𝟓𝐞𝐢𝟔𝟎.𝟐𝟔 𝐝𝐞𝐠
B. 20ei34 deg
C. √45ei68.26 deg
D. √25ei70.26 deg
 Solution:
r ∗ eiθ

r = √a2 +b 2

r = √42 +72
r = √65
b
θ = tan−1 ( )
a
7
θ = tan−1 ( )
4
θ = 60.2551187°
√𝟔𝟓 ∗ 𝐞𝐢𝟔𝟎.𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟕°
4. What is the product of the complex numbers 3 + 5i and 7 – 2i?
A. 11 + 29i
B. 31 + 22i
C. 31 + 29i
D. 31 - 29i
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
(3 + 5i) ∗ (7−2i) = 𝟑𝟏 + 𝟐𝟗𝐢

5. What is the rectangular form of the complex number 6ei(5π/13)?

A. 1.13 + 8.61i
B. 5.13 + 5.61i
C. 2.13 + 3.61i
D.2.13+5.61i
Solution:
Using Caltech;
Let 5𝜋/13 be the angle
6 = 𝑟
Make sure that your calculator is in radian mode and complex number setup
Press the 6 then press the shift+∠ then input the angle; press shift+CMPLX; choose a+bi
then press the equal sign. The answer will be 𝑫. 𝟐. 𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟔𝟐𝟗𝟑𝟐𝟐 + 𝟓. 𝟔𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟒
6. What is the product of the complex number 2 – 3i and √32ei π/4
A. 20 -4i
B. 13 -3i
C. 18 -4i
D. 67 -4i
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
𝜋
2 − 3𝑖 𝑥 √32𝑒 𝑖 4 = 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟒𝒊

6+4i
7. What is the rationalized value of the following complex quotient? 3+4i

A. 1.36 – 0.48i
B. 2.36 – 0.68i
C. 3.36 – 0.88i
D. 4.36 – 0.58i
Solution:

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟: (6 + 4𝑖) ∗ (3 − 4𝑖) = 18 + (−24𝑖) + 12𝑖 + 16 = 34 − 12𝑖

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟: (3 + 4𝑖) ∗ (3 − 4𝑖) = 9 − 16𝑖² = 9 + 16 = 25

(34 − 12𝑖) ) 34 12𝑖

= − = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔 − 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖𝒊
25 25 25

8. For the three vectors A, B, and C, what is the product A ∙ (B x C)?

A = 6i + 8j + 10k B = i + 2j + 3k C = 3i + 4j + 8k
A. 10
B. 12
C. 14
D. 16
Solution:
𝐔𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞, 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞 𝟖(𝐯𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫), 𝐢𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟
𝐯𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐀, 𝐁, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐨𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭.
9. Given vectors A, B and C, what is the value of (A + B) (B + C)
A = 8i + 2j + 2k B = 4i + 2j + 3k
A. 108
B. 208
C. 308
D. 408
Solution:
The following Vectors are not complete; the vector C is missing

10. Find the length of the resultant of the following vectors.

3i + 4j -5k 7i + 2j + 3k -16i -14j + 8k
A. 11.66
B. 13.66
C. 15.66
D. 17.66
Solution:
(3𝑖 + 4𝑗 − 5𝑘 ) + (7𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 3𝑘 ) + (−16𝑖 − 14𝑗 + 8𝑘)
−6𝑖 + 8𝑗 + 6𝑘
√62 + 82 + 62 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔

11. Find the unit vector (i.e. the direction vector) associated with the vector 18i + 7j + 29k.
A. 0.116i + 0.201j + 0.832k
B. 0.516i + 0.401j + 0.832k
C. 0.516i + 0.201j + 0.632k
D. 0.516i + 0.201j + 0.832k
Solution:
|𝑣| = √(𝑎^2 + 𝑏^2 + 𝑐^2)

|𝑣| = √(18^2 + 7^2 + 29^2) = √(324 + 49 + 841) = √(1214) ≈ 34.86

𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = (18/|𝑣|)𝑖 + (7/|𝑣|)𝑗 + (29/|𝑣|)𝑘

𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 ≈ (18/34.86)𝑖 + (7/34.86)𝑗 + (29/34.86)𝑘

𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒗𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏𝟔𝒊 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝒋 + 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟏𝒌

12. What is the cross product, AB of vectors A and B?

A = i + 4j + 6k B = 2i + 3j + 7k
A. 13i + 1j - 5k
B. 10i + 3j - 5k
C. 10i + 5j - 5k
D. 10i + 7j – 5k
Solution:
𝐔𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞, 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞 𝟖(𝐯𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫), 𝐢𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟
𝐯𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐀 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭

13. Refers to the vectors A and B. What is the dot product A B of the vectors?
A = 2i + 4j + 8k B = -2i + j – 5k
A. -34
B. -36
C. -38
D. -40
Solution:
Using Caltech; Press Mode; Choose Vector; Choose VctA then choose 3 vectors; Input
the first given vector; Press AC; Press Shift+Vector; Choose Data then choose VctB for
the second given vector; Press the shift+vector then input (VctA.VctB) then press equal;
The answer is -40
14. Six times the sum of a number and 1 is 9 less than the number. Find the number.
A. 1
B. 2
C. -3
D. -4
E.
Solution:
6(x + 1) = x − 9
 𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: − 𝟑

15. Two cyclists head in opposite direction on a straight road. One cycles at 10 mph
and the other at 15 mph. In how many hours will they be 75 miles apart?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Solution:

Relative Speed = 10 mph + 15 mph = 25 mph

distance
Speed =
time

distance 75 mile
Time = = = 𝟑 𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬
Speed 25 miles per hour

16. You see fireworks 2 seconds before you hear them. If the speed of sound is 1100
fps, how far away are the fireworks?
A. 2510 ft
B. 2200 ft
C. 3530 ft
D. 550 ft
𝐟𝐭
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐬 ∗ 𝟐𝐬 𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐟𝐭

17. A collection of 30 dimes and quarters is worth $4.35. How many quarters are there?
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9
Solution:
 Let dimes be x and quarters be y
x + y = 30
0.1x + 0.25y = 4.35
0.1(30 − y) + 0.25y = 4.35
3 − 0.1y + 0.25y = 4.35
0.15y = 4.35 − 3
0.15y = 1.35
0.15y 1.35
=
0.15 0.15
𝐲=𝟗

18. A furniture store is having a 20% markdown sale. What was the original price of
sofa whose sale price is $650?
A. 812.5
B. 938.3
C. 764.23
D. 1093.34
𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 − 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 =
𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞
𝐱 − 𝟔𝟓𝟎
𝟎, 𝟐𝟎 = 𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟖𝟏𝟐. 𝟓
𝐱

19. Twice the sum of two numbers is 22. The sum of the squares of the two numbers is
61. The product of the two numbers is:
A. 36
B. 30
C. 58
D. 68
Solution:
 (X + y)2 = x 2 + 2xy + y 2

121 = 61 + 2xy

2xy = 121 – 61

2xy = 60

𝐱𝐲 = 𝟑𝟎

20. If a two-digit number has x for its unit’s digit and y for its ten’s digit, represent the
number.
A. 10x + y
B. 10y + x
C. yx
D. xy
Solution:
Given that the 2 digit number has 10′ s digit for y amd x as a unit, therefore
the number is given by 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝐱.

21. One number is 5 less than the other. If their sum is 135, what are the numbers?

A. 85, 50

B. 80, 55

C. 70, 65

D. 75, 60

Solution:

𝑥 = 𝑦 – 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 135

𝑥 + 𝑥 + 5 = 135

2𝑥 = 135 – 5
 2𝑥/2 = 130/2

𝒙 = 𝟔𝟓

65 + 𝑦 = 135

𝑦 = 135 – 65

𝒚 = 𝟕𝟎

22. A boat man rows to a place 4.8 miles with the stream and back in 14 hours but finds
he can row 14 miles with the stream in the same time as 3 miles against the stream.
Find the rate of the stream.
A. 1.5 mph
B. 1 mph
C. 0.8 mph
D. 0.6 mph
Solution:
Let x = velocity of boatman, y = velocity of stream
4.8 4.8 (4.8(x − y) + 4.8(x + y))
+ = 14 → = 14
x+y x−y (x + y)(x − y)
Simplify: 9.6x = 14(x 2 − y 2 ) eq. 1
14 3
= → 14x − 14y = 3x + 3y → 11x = 17y → x = 1.5454y eq. 2
x+y x−y
Substitute eq. 1 to eq. 2: 9.6(1.5454y) = 14((1.5454y)2 − y 2 )
𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟑 𝐦𝐩𝐡 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟖 𝐦𝐩𝐡

23. The sum of two numbers is 30. One number is 4 more than the other. Find the numbers.
A. 10 and 14
B. 11 and 15
C. 12 and 16
D. 13 and 17
Solution:
 x + y = 30
x= y+4
(y + 4) + y = 30
2y + 4 = 30
2y = 30 – 4
26
y= = 13
2
𝐱 = 𝟏𝟑 + 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟕

24. Two consecutives even integer have a sum of 54. Find the integers.
A. 24 and 24
B. 25 and 26
C. 26 and 28
D. 27 and 30
Solution:
Given that the sum of two consecutive even integers is 54, threfore,
the two consecutive even integers are 26 and 28.

𝟐𝟔 + 𝟐𝟖 = 𝟓𝟒

25. If the smaller of two consecutive integers is tripled, the result is 9 more than the larger.
Find the integers.
A. 3 and 6
B. 4 and 5
C. 5 and 6
D. 6 and 7
Solution:
Let the two numbers be x and x+1
3𝑥 = (𝑥 + 1) + 9
3𝑥 − 𝑥 = 10
2𝑥/2 = 10/2
 𝒙=𝟓
𝒙+𝟏=𝟔

26. The product of two consecutive odd integers is 63. Find the smaller integers.
A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10
Solution:
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑖 𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 + 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟

𝟔𝟑 = 𝐱(𝐱 + 𝟐) 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫: 𝐱 = 𝟕 𝐬𝐨 𝐱 + 𝟐 = 𝟗;

𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝟕 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐫.

27. One racer can cycle 60 miles in the same time that another racer cycles 45
miles. If the first racer cycles 10 mph faster than the second, find the speed of
the slower racer.
A. 30 mph
B. 40 mph
C. 50 mph
D. 60 mph
Solution:

60 45
=
(𝑥 + 10) 𝑥

60𝑥 = 45(𝑥 + 10)

60𝑥 = 45𝑥 + 450

15𝑥 = 450
𝑥 = 30

28. A motorboat can travel 12 mph in still water. If the boat takes the same amount
of time to travel 4 miles upstream as it does to travel 5 miles downstream, find
the speed of the current.
A. 1 mph
B. 2 mph
C. 1 1/3 mph
D. 4 mph
Solution:
let x be the current speed,
speed againts the current = 12 − x
speed with the current = 12 + x
4 5
=
(12 − x) 12 + x
𝟏𝟐 𝟏
𝐱= = 𝟏 𝐦𝐩𝐡
𝟗 𝟑

29. A plane takes the same amount of time to fly 30 miles against the wind as it does to
fly 50 miles with the wind. If the speed of the wind is 25 mph, find the speed of the
plane in still air.
A. 70 mph
B. 80 mph
C. 90 mph
D. 100 mph
Solution:
time = distance/speed
let x be speed in still air
time with = time against
50/(x + 25) = 30/(x − 25)
30(x + 25) = 50(x − 25)
30x + 750 = 50x − 1250
 750 + 1250 = 50x − 30x
2000/20 = 20x/20
𝐱 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎

30. A ship leaves port travelling 25 mph. One hour later, a second ship leaves the same
port and travels the same route at 35 mph. How long does it take the second ship
to overtake the first?
A. 2 hrs
B. 2.5 hrs
C. 3 hrs
D. 3.5 hrs
Solution:
D = rt is the fundamental distance equation
The first boat will have traveled for time = t,
while the second will have traveled for t − 2.
d = 25t; d = 35(t − 1) so 25t = 35(t − 1) → 25t = 35t − 35
𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟑. 𝟓 𝐡𝐫𝐬

31. Two cyclists head in opposite directions on a straight road. One cycles at 10 mph
and the other at 15 mph. In how many hours will they be 75 miles apart?
A. 2 hrs
B. 2.5 hrs
C. 3 hrs
D. 3.5 hrs
Solution:
Time = Distance / SpeedTime = 75 miles / 25 mph = 𝟑 𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬
32. The product of two consecutive odd integers is 35. Find the smaller integer.
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
 Solution:
Given that the product of two consecutive odd integers is 35, we can

assume that the odd integers are 5 and 7 since 5 ∗ 7 = 35, then the smaller

number is 𝟓.

33. If A can do a work in x days and B in y days, how long will they finish the job working
together?
A. (x + y)/(xy) days
B. (x + y)/2
C. (xy)/(x + y) days
D. (x + y) days
Solution:

Given A can do work in x days and B can do same work in y days

Then A do work in one day = 1/x

And B do work in one day = 1/y

Then A and B do work in one day = 1/x + 1/y

So A and B completed work = 1/x + 1/y = (𝐱 + 𝐲)/(𝐱𝐲) 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐫 (𝐱𝐲)/(𝐱 + 𝐲) 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬

34. How much water must be evaporated from 10 kg solution which has 4% salt to make a
solution of 10% salt?
A. 4 kg
B. 5 kg
C. 6 kg
D. 7 kg
Solution:
Let x = amt of water evaporated
0.04(10) = .10(10 − x) → .4 = 1 − .1x → −.6 = −.1x → x = 𝟔𝐤𝐠
35. Debbie is now twice as old as Jerry. Four years ago, Debbie was three times as
old as Jerry then. How old is Debbie?
A. 14
B. 16
C. 18
D. 24
Solution:

D = 2J

D − 4 = 3(J − 4)

2J − 4 = 3J – 12

J = 8

D = 2(8)

𝐃 = 𝟏𝟔

36. Sean is 4 years older than Stacy. In 5 years the sum of their ages will be 38. Find the
age of Stacy.
A. 10
B. 12
C. 14
D. 16
Solution:
Assume the age of Stacy from the choices to be 12 years old.

12 + 5 = 17 (after 5 years)

16 + 5 = 21 (age of Sean after 5 years since he is 4 years older than Stacy)

𝟏𝟕 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟑𝟖
 therefore the age of Stacy is 𝟏𝟐.

37. A pump can pump out a tank in 10 hours. Another pump can pump the same tank in
16 hrs. How long will it take both pumps together to pump out the tank?
A. 7 hours
B. 7 1/2 hours
C. 6.15 hours
D. 6 1/2 hours
Solution:
let x be the time it takes both pumps
x(1/10 + 1/16) = 1
(x(1/10 + 1/16) = 1)160
x(10 + 16) = 160
x(26) = 160
26x/26 = 160/26
𝐱 = 𝟔. 𝟏𝟓 𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬

38. A chemist of a distillery experimented on two alcohol solutions of different strength,

35% alcohol and 50% alcohol, respectively. How many cubic meters of each
strength must be used in order to produce a mixture of 100 m3 that contains 42%
alcohol?
A. 43.33 m3, 46.67 m3
B. 63.33 m3, 46.67 m3
C. 53.33 m3, 46.67 m3
D. 13.33 m3, 66.67 m3
Solution:
0.35x + 0.50 ∗ (100 − x) = 0.42 ∗ 100; 𝐱 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝐦𝟑
0.50x + 0.35 ∗ (100 − x) = 0.42 ∗ 100; 𝐱 = 𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝟑

39. Bob can mow the lawn in 3 hours, Bill can mow the same lawn in 2 hrs. How long
 would it take for Bob and Bill working together to mow the lawn?
A. 1/5 hr
B. 1 1/5 hr
C. 1 ½ hr
D. 2 1/5 hr
Solution:
1/3 + 1/2 = 2/6 + 3/6 = 5/6 𝑙𝑎𝑤𝑛𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟.

(5/6) 𝑙𝑎𝑤𝑛𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 ∗ 𝑇 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 1 𝑙𝑎𝑤𝑛

5𝑇/6 = 1

𝑻 = 𝟔/𝟓 = 𝟏 𝟏/𝟓

40. Sara can type twice as fast as Sean. Together they can type the annual report in 4
days. How long would it take Sara to type the annual report by herself?
A. 3 days
B. 4 days
C. 5 days
D. 6 days
Solution:
let x be the number of days for Sara to type the annual report,
4 4
+ =1
x 2x
𝐱 = 𝟔𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬

41. A faucet can fill an empty utility sink in 3 minutes. The drain can empty a full sink
in 5 minutes. If by mistake both are open, how long will it take to fill an empty sink?
A. 7 ½ min
B. 8 ½ min
C. 8 ½ min
D. 9 ½ min
 Solution:
Faucet rate – Drain rate = 1/x
1/3 – 1/5 = 1/x
5x − 3x = 15
2x/2 = 15/2
𝐱 = 𝟕. 𝟓 𝐨𝐫 𝟕 ½ 𝐦𝐢𝐧

42. A & B working together can finish painting a home in 8 days. A, working alone, can
finish it in five days less than B. How long will it take each of them to finish working
alone?
A. A = 13.88hrs B = 18.88hrs
B. A = 15.88hrs B = 20.88hrs
C. A = 14.88hrs B = 19.88hrs
D. A = 16.88hrs B = 21.88hrs
Solution:
Let x = A′ s time alone, x + 5) = B′s time alone
6 6
+ = 1;
x x+5
𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐱 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬, 𝐱 + 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟓 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐍𝐨 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐯𝐞

43. Sandi is 5 years older than Peggy. In 6 years, the sum of their ages will be 31. Find
the present age of Sandi.
A. 12
B. 14
C. 16
D. 18
Solution:
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖′𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑒𝑔𝑔𝑦′𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑃.
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖 𝑖𝑠 5 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑃𝑒𝑔𝑔𝑦
𝑆 = 𝑃 + 5
𝐼𝑛 6 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 31. 𝐼𝑓 𝑤𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑑 6 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑠
(𝑆 + 6) + (𝑃 + 6) = 31
 (𝑃 + 5 + 6) + (𝑃 + 6) = 31
2𝑃 + 17 = 31
2𝑃 = 31 – 17
2𝑃 = 14
𝑃 = 7
𝑆 = 𝑃 + 5
𝑆 = 7 + 5
𝑺 = 𝟏𝟐
44. How many grams of an alloy that is 80% copper should be melted with 20 grams of
an alloy that is 30% copper to produce an alloy that is 40% copper?
A. 5 grams
B. 6 grams
C. 7 grams
D. 8 grams
Solution:
let x be the grams of alloy to be melted,
(0.80x) + (0.30 ∗ 20grams) = 0.40(20 + x)
𝐱 = 𝟓𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐬

45. How many pounds of pure antifreeze should be mixed with 60 pounds of a 45%
antifreeze solution to produce a 50% antifreeze solution?

A. 3 pounds

B. 4 pounds

C. 5 pounds

D. 6 pounds

Solution:

1.00 ( x ) + 60 (0.45) = 0.5 ( 60 + x )

x + 27 = 30 + 0.5x

x − 0.5x = 30 − 27
 0.5x = 3

0.5x/0.5 = 3/0.5

𝐱 = 𝟔

46. In a certain laboratory, a chemist has 24 ml of 78% sulfuric acid solution. How many
liters of pure sulfuric acid should he add to make 85% solution?
A. 4.60 ml
B. 5.80 ml
C. 16.40 ml
D. 11.20 ml
Solution:
78% solution: 24(. 78) = 18.72; .85% solution = 0.85(x + 24)
x + 18.72 = 0.85(x + 24) 𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟎

47. Person A can do a job in 5 hours. Working with person B, the job takes 3 hours.
How long would it take B working alone to do the job?
A. 7.5 hrs
B. 8.5 hrs
C. 9.5 hrs
D. 10.5 hrs
Solution:
Combined work rate - Person A's work rate = Person B's work rate
1/3 - 1/5 = 5/15 - 3/15 = 2/15 jobs per hour
(Person B's work rate) * (B hours) = 1 job
(2/15) ∗ 𝐵 = 1
𝐵 = 15/2
𝑩 = 𝟕. 𝟓

48. The sum of two numbers is 41. The larger number is 1 less than twice the smaller
number. Find he larger number.
 A. 26
B. 0
C. 27
D. 2
Solution:
𝐋𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫: 𝟐𝟕

Smaller number: 14 (since twice the smaller number is 28 and is 1 greater than

the larger number)

𝟐𝟕 + 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟒𝟏

49. Twice the sum of two numbers is 28. The sum of the squares of the two numbers is
100. The product of the two numbers is
A. 48
B. 12
C. 24
D. 36
Solution:
2(x + y) = 28 or x + y = 14
x 2 + y 2 = 100
(x + y)2 = 142
x 2 + 2xy + y 2 = 196 or x 2 + y 2 = 196 − 2xy
x 2 + y 2 = 100
196 – 2xy = 100
2xy = 96
𝐱𝐲 = 𝟒𝟖

50. In a 3-digit number, the hundreds digit is 4 more than the unit digit and the tens digit
is twice the hundred digits. If the sum of the digits is 12, find the units digit.
A. 4
 B. 0
C. 8
D. 2
Solution:

The units digit is 0, the hundreds digit is 4, and the tens digit is 8,

making the 3 − digit number 480.

Let x = units digit
x + 4 = hundresds digit
2(x + 4)
(x + 4) + 2(x + 4) + x = 12 → 4x + 12 = 12 → 4x = 0 → x = 0 𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟎

51. The product of two consecutive integers is 90 less than twice the square of the
next larger integer. Find the smaller integer.
A. 6
B. 8
C. 10
D. 12
Solution:

The product of two consecutive integers (x * (x + 1)) is 90 less than twice the
square of the next larger integer (2 ∗ (𝑥 + 1)2 − 90).

𝑥 ∗ (𝑥 + 1) = 2 ∗ (𝑥 + 1)2 − 90

𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = 2(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) − 90

𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 88

0 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 88

(𝑥 + 11) (𝑥 − 8) = 0

This gives us two possible solutions:

 x + 11 = 0, which implies x = -11 (not a valid solution for consecutive integers)

𝑥 − 8 = 0, 𝒙 = 𝟖

52. Two planes leave New York at 10 AM, one heading for Europe at 600 kph and
one heading in the opposite direction at 150 kph. At what time they be 900 kms
apart?
A. 11:30 AM
B. 12:15 PM
C. 12:00 NN
D. 11:12 AM
Solution:
distance
speed =
time
the first plane travels a distance of 600t km and the second 150t km
the total distance in opposite direction id given by;
s = (600t + 150t) = 750t
given the distance 900 km,
750t = 900miles
6 60min
t= = 1.2 hrs ∗ = 72 min or 1hr and 12 mins.
5 1hr

Therefore, the plane will be 900km apart at the time 10AM plus 1hr and 12mins

𝐓 = 𝟏𝟏: 𝟏𝟐 𝐀𝐌

53. Martha drives half the distance from A to B at 40 miles per hour and the other half the
distance at 60 miles per hour is average rate of speed, in miles per hour, for the entire
trip?
A. 48
B. 49
C. 50
 D. 51
Solution:
Total distance from A to B is D.
D/2, at 40 miles per hour
(𝐷/2) 𝐷
= ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
40 80
D/2, at 60 miles per hour
(𝐷/2) 𝐷
= ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
60 120
𝐷/80 + 𝐷/120 = 3𝐷/240 + 2𝐷/240 = 5𝐷/240 = 𝐷/48 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠.
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝐷/𝑇
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝐷/(𝐷/48)
𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = 𝟒𝟖 𝒎𝒑𝒉

54. A freight train starts from Los Angeles and heads for Chicago at 40 mph. Two hours
later a passenger train leaves the same station for Chicago travelling at 60 mph. How
long will it be before the passenger train overtakes the freight train?
A. 3 hours
B. 4 hours
C. 5 hours
D. 6 hours
Solution:
Assuming they are on parellel tracks and not on the same track
60x = 40(x + 2) → 60x = 40x + 80 → 20x = 80 → x = 4 𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟒𝐡𝐫𝐬

55. Two women paint a barn. Barbara can paint it alone in 5 days, Sara in 8 days. They
start to paint it together, but after 2 days Sara gets bored and Barbara finishes alone.
How long does it take her to finish?
A. 1-3/4 days
B. 1-1/2 days
C. 1-2/5 days
 D. 1-1/9 days
Solution:
Combined work rate = Barbara's work rate + Sara's work rate
Combined work rate = 1/5 + 1/8
Combined work rate = 13/40 barns per day.
Fraction painted together = Combined work rate * Time
Fraction painted together = (13/40) * 2
Fraction painted together = 13/20.
Remaining fraction to paint = 1 - Fraction painted together
Remaining fraction to paint = 1 - 13/20
Remaining fraction to paint = 7/20.
(Barbara's work rate) * (B days) = Remaining fraction to paint
(1/5) ∗ 𝐵 = 7/20.
𝐵/5 = 7/20.
𝐵 = (7/20) ∗ 5
𝐵 = 7/4
𝑩 = 𝟏 𝟑/𝟒

56. Jones can paint a car in 8 hours. Smith can paint the same car in 6 hours. They
start to paint the car together. After 2 hours, Jones leaves for lunch and Smith
finishes painting the car alone. How long does it take Smith to finish?
A. 3 ½ hrs
B. 1 ½ hrs
C. 2 ½ hrs
D. 4 ½ hrs
Solution:
the work done in two hours when they work together:
2 2 7
+ =
8 6 12
5
Smith must finish the remaining of the job alone
12
 5
∗ 6hrs = 𝟐. 𝟓𝐡𝐫𝐬
12

57. A cast containing 20 gallons of wine was emptied on one-fifth of its content and
then is filled with water. If this is done 6 times, how many gallons of wine remain in
the cask?
A. 5.121
B. 5.010
C. 5.242
D. 5.343
Solution:

First term = 20 − 1/5(20) = 16

Second term = 16 − 1/5(20) = 12.8

r = 12/8/16 = 4/5 = 80% = 0.8

Third term = 12.8 ∗ 0.8 = 10.24

Fourth term = 10.24 ∗ 0.8 = 8.192

Fifth term = 8.192 ∗ 0.8 = 6.5536

𝐒𝐢𝐱𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟓𝟑𝟔 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟖 = 𝟓. 𝟐𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟖

58. A farmer has 100 gallons of 70% pure disinfectant. He wishes to mix it with
disinfectant which is 90% pure in order to obtain 75% pure disinfectant. How much
of the 90% pure disinfectant must he use?
A. 25 ½
B. 30
C. 33
D. 33 1/3
Solution:
0.70 ∗ 100 + 0.90 ∗ x = 0.75 ∗ (100 + x)
 70 + 0.90x = 75 + 0.75x
0.90x − 0.75x = 75 − 70
0.15x = 5
x = 5 / 0.15 = 33.33

So, the farmer must use 𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝐠𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐬 of the 90% pure disinfectant.

59. Alex is 8 years older than Cynthia. Twenty years ago, Alex was three times as old as
Cynthia. How old is Cynthia now?
A. 18
B. 20
C. 30
D. 24
Solution:
A = C + 8
A − 20 = 3(C − 20)
Substituting A = C + 8 from the first equation into the second equation:
(C + 8) − 20 = 3(C − 20)
C − 12 = 3C − 60

Simplifying:

2C = 48

𝐂 = 𝟒𝟖 / 𝟐 → 𝐂 = 𝟐𝟒

60. Sonny is twice as old as Cris. If 16 is added to Cris age and 16 is subtracted from
Sonny's age, their ages will then be equal. What Cris present age?
A. 40
B. 32
C. 28
D. 36
Solution:
 Let x = Cris ′ age, y = Sonny ′ s age = 2x
y + 16 = x − 16 → x + 16 = 2x − 16
𝐱 = 𝟑𝟐 𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟑𝟐

61. Baby’s age is three times Maria’s. If 20 is added to Maria’s age and 20 is subtracted
from Baby’s, their ages will be equal. How old is baby now?
A. 60
B. 90
C. 45
D. 75
Solution:
Let x be Maria’s age and 3x be Baby’s age
x + 20 = 3x – 20
3x – x = 20 + 20
2x 40
=
2 2
x = 20
Therefore, Baby’s age is

3x

3(20) = 𝟔𝟎

62. Susan’s age in 20 years will be the same as Thelma’s age is now. Ten years from
now, Thelma’s age will be twice Susan’s. What is the present age of Thelma?
A. 45
B. 40
C. 50
D. 30
Solution:

Let S be Susan's current age and T be Thelma's current age.

𝑇 = 𝑆 + 20 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇 + 10 = 2 ∗ (𝑆 + 10)
 𝑆 + 20 + 10 = 2 ∗ (𝑆 + 10)
𝑆 + 30 = 2𝑆 + 20
𝑇 = 10 + 20 = 30.
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒍𝒎𝒂 𝒊𝒔 𝟑𝟎 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒍𝒅

63. Abigail will not reveal her age but says she is 3 years younger than her sister Kate.
Ninety years ago, Kate was twice as old. How old is Kate now?
A. 93
B. 96
C. 94
D. 95
Solution:

A = K − 3

(K − 90) = 2(A − 90)

Substituting A = K − 3 from the first equation into the second equation:

(K − 90) = 2((K − 3) − 90)

K − 90 = 2(K − 93)

K − 90 = 2K − 186

−90 = K − 186

𝟗𝟔 = 𝐊

64. Mrs. Smith is twice as old as her daughter Sam. Ten years ago, the sum of their ages
was 46 years. How old is Sam?
A. 12

B. 15
 C. 22

D.19

Solution:

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐱 𝐛𝐞 𝐒𝐚𝐦′ 𝐬 𝐚𝐠𝐞

x − 10 + 2x − 10 = 46 → 3x − 20 = 46 → 3x = 66
x = 22 𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫:2