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AGUSAN DEL SUR COLLEGE, INC.

Bayugan City, 8502 CARAGA Philippines
Telefax (085) 231- 2150
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Online Learning: Its Effect on the Reading Comprehension

of the Grade 11 students in Agusan del Sur

College Incorporated

Rose Eden Angela P. Bendoy

Angel R. Dela Pen
Junnex B. Escabusa
Jennifer S. Espellarga
Louiejay L. Jardinel
Ashnia A. Macabando
Charmaine Kleer E. Maglasang
Mary Claire N. Morales
Daniel R. Puebla
Grace Ann Q. Saludo
Jass Sinday
Erwin T. Sumalinog

January……
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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter includes the introduction, theoretical framework, conceptual

framework, statement of the problem, hypothesis, significance of the study, scope and

delimitation and definition of terms used.

Introduction

Online Learning has become an integral part of education, especially in the wake

of the COVID-19 pandemic. With schools transitioning to remote teaching

environmental grade 11 students in Agusan Del Sur College Incorporated, like many

students around the world, have had to adapt to this new mode of learning. However, it

is essential to explore the effects of online learning on crucial aspects of education,

such as reading comprehension.

According to Smith, 2021, the concepts of online learning refers to the used of

digital platforms and tools to facilitate education remotely. Students engage in virtual

classroom, accessing course materials, participating in discussions, and completing

assignments through various online platforms. This shift from traditional face-to-face

instruction to virtual classroom presents unique challenges and advantages that can

both influence and shape the reading comprehension skills of grade 11 students.

(Smith, 2021)
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Online learning provides students with increased accessibility and flexibility in

their education pursuits. According to the Babson Survey Research Group, the number

of student enrolled in at least one online course reached an estimated 6.7 million in

2019 (Allen et al., 2020). This accessibility allows individuals who otherwise may not

have had access to education due to location, time constraints, or physical limitations to

participate in learning activities.

This is supported by Means et al. (2019) which states that online learning

platforms often use adaptive and personalized learning technologies to tailor

educational content to specific needs of each students. This personalized approach

helps enhance student’s engagement and learning outcomes. Online learning can have

a positive impact on students’ achievements and attitudes towards learning, as it

empowers them to progress at their own pace and explore areas of interest.

As technology increasingly permeates all aspects of our lives, acquiring digitals

skills has become crucial for future success. Engaging in online learning equips

students with the necessary digital literacy and technical competence, enabling them to

navigate digital environments with confidence. This vital skill set prepares student for

future academic and professional endeavors, as highlighted by the European

Commission on 2020, in their report on digital education.

Online Learning platforms often incorporate collaborative tools that enable

students to connect with peers globally, fostering cross-cultural communication and

cooperation. This aspects of online learning facilities the development of critical social

skills, such as teamwork and multicultural understanding. According to Li and Lalani

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(2020), online learning creates a globally connected learning community where students

can exchange ideas, collaborate and gain perspective from diverse background.

Reading comprehension is an important part of every human activity. Despite its

significance in the academic world and the world of work, many people are challenged

with varied degrees of difficulties when it comes to reading comprehension. This study

therefore sought to improve reading comprehension skills of students in the Senior High

School, particularly Kanton Senior High School.

According to Brandon, (2021), Reading comprehension occurs when words on a

page are not just mere words but thoughts and ideas. Comprehension makes reading

enjoyable, fun, and informative. It is needed to succeed in school, work, and life in

general. Comprehension refers to the ability to understand written words. It is different

from the ability to recognize words. Recognizing words on a page but not knowing what

they mean does not fulfill the purpose or goal of reading, which is comprehension.

Online learning has the potential to impact the reading comprehension of grade

11 students in various ways. With the shift to digital platforms, students are frequently

required to engage with digital texts, multimedia resources, and online discussions. This

experience can develop their digital literacy and critical thinking skills, which are

essential for improving reading comprehension. Additionally, the flexibility and

independence of online learning can provide students with the opportunity to explore

and engage more actively with texts, contributing to their overall comprehension.

However, the online learning environment also presents challenges that can impact

reading comprehension. For instance, the presence of digital distractions and the ability

to multitask while studying can hinder students' focus and ultimately affect their
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understanding of the material. Furthermore, online learning may reduce the level of

immediate support and feedback from teachers, which could impact the development of

students' reading comprehension skills. Without the in-person guidance and support of

a teacher, students may have fewer opportunities for guided practice and tailored

interventions to enhance their reading comprehension. In light of these potential effects,

it is crucial for educators to consider how online learning may influence the reading

comprehension of grade 11 students. Strategies such as structured digital literacy

instruction, purposeful integration of interactive and engaging digital texts, and regular

monitoring of students' comprehension can help mitigate the challenges and maximize

the benefits of online learning for reading comprehension development. Additionally,

creating a supportive online learning environment that encourages active participation

and collaboration can enhance students' comprehension skills in the digital realm.

Theoretical Framework

This article is a review of theories of reading and understanding of reading

addressed in a variety of books, newspapers, articles, and the like. Four primary

subjects are discussed here, namely the nature of reading, the theory of schema,

understanding of reading, and the factors engaged in understanding.

In this article, several reading theories need to be reviewed in their relationships

to read understanding educators and English lecturers. Three other Reading Models,

Bottom- Up, Top-Down, and Interactive, are discussed in the Schema Theory at the

theoretical stage. The history of reading training, kinds and purposes of reading, and
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cognitive reading abilities will be discussed in checking the reading understanding.

Finally, it reviews six variables that are engaged in understanding English texts.

Online learning is widely used as a modern means of delivering instruction. Yet,

a significant proportion of online material fails to meet the benchmarks of successful

teaching and learning highlighting a need for guidelines on how to structure online

materials for effective learning. By presenting learning theories; behaviorism,

cognitivism, and constructivism, this paper will highlight and discuss principles that can

be applied to online learning contexts. The implications of these principles will be

discussed to showcase online learning practices where learning is promoted.

Figure 1 below shows the Schematic Diagram of the study

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Reading
Online Learning
Comprehension
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Figure 1. The Schematic Diagram of the Study

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effects of online learning of grade 11 students

of Agusan del Sur College Incorporated on their reading ability. Specifically, the

research seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the grade 11 students of Agusan del Sur College

Incorporated in terms of:

1.1 Sex

1.2 Availability of gadgets

1.3 Accessibility to online learning?

2. What are the Online Learning Difficulties that Students may face in developing

reading comprehension skills through online learning?

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3. Does online learning approach significantly affect the reading level of the

grade 11 of Agusan del Sur College Incorporated learners?

4. What are the main problem encountered by grade 11 students in Agusan del

Sur College Incorporated in reading comprehension?

Hypothesis

Ho. There is no significant effect of online learning on the reading

comprehension skills of grade 11 Students at Agusan del Sur College Incorporated.

Ha. There is a positive impact on students may face challenges in developing

reading comprehension skills through online learning.

Significance of the Study

Students. This study will help students to generate more fun and meaningful

learning if they are motivated and enthusiastic about the learning process, particularly

when it comes to reading.

Teachers. The results of this research will give them useful information and

insights in teaching reading and make significant contribution to help students improve

their reading ability

Researchers. This study will gain experience in observation and use classroom

action research at school while improving his/her expertise of teaching reading

methods.
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School. The study of schools allows us to understand different educational

systems, pedagogical approaches, and curriculum framework. It helps us explore how

schools facilitate and structure the learning process for students.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focused on the challenges encountered by Grade 11 Students on how

they effect on the Reading comprehension and Online learning. and the Researcher of

this study will conduct survey by means of answering questions that the Researchers

have been provided the Participant’s only are the grade 11 students of Senior High

School of Agusan del Sur College Incorporated.

Definition of Terms

Online Learning. This refers to the education that deliver information to the

students who are separated from the teachers or instructors, and the tools used to

deliver at Agusan del Sur College Incorporated are LMS or Quipper.

Reading Comprehension. This is the ability to understand and interpret what

you read. It involves grasping the main ideas, details, and relationships between

different parts of a text. Developing good reading comprehension skills helps you

comprehend, analyze, and retain information from written materials.

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