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Noise Margin

The document describes the operation of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) under saturation and cut-off conditions. It provides equations to calculate the saturation base current (IB(sat)), saturation collector current (IC(sat)), and minimum input voltage (Vin EOS) needed to saturate the transistor. It then works through an example calculation for a given circuit and component values to determine Vin EOS and the noise margins.

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Tobey Austria
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29 views9 pages

Noise Margin

The document describes the operation of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) under saturation and cut-off conditions. It provides equations to calculate the saturation base current (IB(sat)), saturation collector current (IC(sat)), and minimum input voltage (Vin EOS) needed to saturate the transistor. It then works through an example calculation for a given circuit and component values to determine Vin EOS and the noise margins.

Uploaded by

Tobey Austria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

𝑉𝑐𝑐
𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡) 𝐼𝐶(𝑠𝑎𝑡) = 𝑉𝐶𝐸(𝑠𝑎𝑡) = 0 𝑉
𝑅𝑐
(0.20 ≤ 𝑉𝐶𝐸 𝑠𝑎𝑡 ≤ 0.30𝑉)
𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡)

C E

𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

𝐼𝐶 = 0 𝑉𝐶𝐸 = 𝑉𝑐𝑐
C E
𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡)

𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡)

𝐼𝐵 = 0
𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 :

𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 0 𝑉 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑉𝐶𝐸 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐


𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡)

𝑡𝑜 𝑘𝑒𝑒𝑝 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑓𝑓:

𝑉𝐼𝑁 𝐸𝑂𝐶 − 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒


𝑡𝑜 𝑘𝑒𝑒𝑝 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑓𝑓

𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 0 𝑉 𝐼𝐵 = 0 𝑉𝐼𝑁 𝐸𝑂𝐶 = 0.70 𝑉


𝑅𝐶 = 10𝑘Ω, 𝛽 = 100, 𝑉𝐶𝐸(𝑠𝑎𝑡) = 0.20 𝑉, 𝑅𝐵 = 20 𝑘Ω, 𝑉𝑐𝑐 = 5𝑉

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑: 𝑉𝑖𝑛(𝐸𝑂𝑆)
- minimum input voltage needed to saturate the transistor

5 − 0.20
𝐼𝐶(𝑠𝑎𝑡) = = 4.80 𝑚𝐴
10𝑘
𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡)
4.80𝑚𝐴
𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡) = = 0.048 𝑚𝐴
100

𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑂𝑆 = 𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡) 𝑅𝐵 + 𝑉𝐵𝐸

𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑂𝑆 = 0.048𝑚 20𝑘 + 0.70 𝑉𝑖𝑛 =? 𝑉

𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑂𝑆 = 1.660 𝑉


𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡)
𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡)
𝐼𝐶(𝑠𝑎𝑡)

Cut off

𝑉𝑖𝑛 =? 𝑉

𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑂𝐶 − 𝑉𝐶𝐸 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 0.70 − 0.20 = 0.50 𝑉


𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡)
𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡)
𝐼𝐶(𝑠𝑎𝑡)
0.50V
+ - +

Cut off
𝑉𝐶𝐸 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 0.20𝑉
−
𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 0.20 + 0.50 = 0.70𝑉

𝑁𝑀 𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑂𝐶 − 𝑉𝐶𝐸 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 0.70 − 0.20 = 0.50 𝑉


𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛
𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡)

𝐼𝐵(𝑠𝑎𝑡)
3.34V

+
−

sat
𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 0 𝑉 𝐼𝐵 = 0
𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 5 − 3.34 = 1.66V

𝑁𝑀 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ = 𝑉𝐶𝐸 𝐶𝑂 − 𝑉𝐼𝑁 𝐸𝑂𝑆 = 5 − 1.66 = 3.34 𝑉

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