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Water Treatment

Water treatment refers to purifying water to make it safe for drinking, industrial processes, and environmental conservation. The basic activities include coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, pH adjustment, softening, and distribution. Sustainable challenges facing water treatment plants include high energy consumption, chemical usage that can impact the environment, depletion of water sources, and proper disposal of waste and sludge. Social problems include ensuring equitable access to clean water for all communities and involving local communities in conservation decisions.

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17 views1 page

Water Treatment

Water treatment refers to purifying water to make it safe for drinking, industrial processes, and environmental conservation. The basic activities include coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, pH adjustment, softening, and distribution. Sustainable challenges facing water treatment plants include high energy consumption, chemical usage that can impact the environment, depletion of water sources, and proper disposal of waste and sludge. Social problems include ensuring equitable access to clean water for all communities and involving local communities in conservation decisions.

Uploaded by

Ronz Migweiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WATER TREATMENT PLANT

Water treatment refers to the process of purifying and improving the quality of water to make it safe for various processes including drinking, industrial
processes and environmental conservation.

BASIC ACTIVITIES UNDER WATER TREATMENT PLANT


1. Coagulation
Chemicals are added to raw water to create floc which helps binds particles together and impurities for easier removal
2. Sedimentation
This is where water is allowed to settle causing larger particles and impurities to settle at the bottom as sludge
3. Filtration
This is where water is passed through several filtration media example and activated carbon to further remove smaller particles and impurities
4. Disinfection
To kill or deactivate harmful microorganisms like bacteria and viruses
5. PH adjustment
The pH level of the water maybe adjusted to meet specific standards as extremes can be harmful
6. Softening
If necessary, water hardness caused by minerals like calcium and magnesium can be removed through processes like iron exchange
7. Distribution

The treated water is then distributed through a network of pipes to homes, businesses and industries

CONDITIONS AND FACTORS CONSIDEREDUNDER WATER TREATMENT

1. Source water quality


Access knowledge of the quality and characteristics of the source water such as its chemical composition, turbidity and contamination level
2. Treatment process
Familiarity with treatment process at the plant including filtration and disinfection
3. Water quality standards
Awareness of local, regional and national water quality standards and regulations that the plant must meet which varies depending on the
intended use of the treated water
4. Infrastructure
This involves understanding plants physical infrastructure including layouts of tanks, pipes and treatment units
5. Safety protocols
Knowledge of safety procedures and protocols to ensure the well being of the plant workers and public

SUSTAINABLE PROBLEMSASSOCIATED WITH WATER TREATMENT


Energy consumption
Waste treatment can be energy intensive contributing to green house gas emission. Sustainable practices aims to reduce on energy consumption through
efficient equipment and renewable energy sources
Chemical Usage
Many water treatment plants rely on chemicals for disinfection and treatment. The use of this chemicals can have environmental impacts and may require
careful management and reduction efforts
Water source depletion
In some regions excessive extraction of water for treatment can deplete natural water resources
Disposal of waste and sludge
The disposal of waste materials generated during the treatment process such as residual chemicals can pose environmental challenges
Climate change
This can affect the availability and quality of water sources, sustainable water treatment includes planning for climate related challenges and ensuring
resilience in face of changing condition

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICALCHALLENGES FACING WATER TREATMENT PLANTS


Contaminant Removal
Developing more efficient and cost effective methods for removing emerging contaminants such as industrial chemicals from water sources is a significant
challenge
Pathogen control
Ensuring robust disinfection method to control pathogens like drugs resistant bacteria and viruses is critical
Climate Resilience
Adapting water treatment infrastructures and processes to withstand the impacts of climate challenge such as altered water quality, extreme weather
events

SOCIAL PROBLEMS FACING WATER TREATMENT PLANTS


Access and equality
Ensuring equitable access to clean and safe drinking water for all community members can be a social challenge

Involving local communities in decision making processes related to water conservation is essential to promote responsible water use

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