Introduction

This report provides an overview and analysis of the airplane booking system
project. The purpose of this project is to develop a user-friendly online platform
for customers to book flights easily and efficiently. The scope of the report
includes an examination of the current system, proposed improvements,
challenges faced during implementation, and recommendations for future
enhancements.

Background
Airline reservation systems, also known as computer reservation systems (CRS)
or global distribution systems (GDS), are software applications used by airlines
and travel agencies to manage and book flight reservations. These systems play
a crucial role in the aviation industry by providing a centralized platform for
airlines to manage their inventory, schedules, and fares, as well as enabling
customers to search for and book flights.

Online booking systems have become increasingly important in the aviation

industry due to the growing trend of consumers preferring to book flights
online. These systems offer convenience and flexibility to customers, allowing
them to search for flights, compare prices, select seats, and make reservations
from the comfort of their own homes or on the go using mobile devices. Online
booking systems also help airlines streamline their operations, reduce costs, and
reach a wider audience of potential customers through digital marketing and
distribution channels.

In today's digital age, online booking systems have become essential tools for
airlines to stay competitive in the market and meet the evolving needs and
expectations of tech-savvy travellers. By providing a seamless and user-friendly
booking experience, airlines can enhance customer satisfaction, increase
bookings, and drive revenue growth.
 Online Flight Booking System
Project Name:

Language/s Used: PHP,HTML.CSS,JAVASCRIPT

PHP version (Recommended): 5.6, 7.4

Database: MySQL

Type: Website, Web Application

Developer: Tabe Precious Ayuk Ebai

Available Features:
 Client-Side Interaction
 Admin Panel
 Passenger Registration
 Booking Airline Tickets
 Simple Payment System
 Search for Flights
 View E-Ticket
 Cancel Tickets
 Print Tickets
 Check Flight Status
 View Total Amount
 List Today’s Flights
 Manage Flight’s Departure – Arrival
 Mark Flight Issues
 Flight Management
 Airlines Management
 List Booking Details
About Online Flight Booking System PHP Project

In particular, this Online Flight Booking System Project in PHP focuses mainly
on booking airline tickets. To be more precise, the system helps to keep track of
the flight schedule, and their management. Also, the system displays all the
round trips and one-way routes. In addition, the system allows setting up cities
too(codeastro.com). Evidently, this project contains an admin panel and a
simple client-side. In an overview of this web application, the user can simply
register in order to use the features. Here, passengers can search for the flight
details. For this, the passenger has to select departure and arrival location with
dates, class, and number of passengers. As a result, the system filters out
available flight schedules with detailed information.

Admin Panel

An administrator has full control over the system. He/she can manage flights,
cities, and so on. Here, each and every section has its own respective details
such as name, and other important details. Here, an admin can list out a number
of booking records processed by the passengers. Regarding reservations, an
admin can view each and every detail such as name, amount, destination,
airlines, etc. Here, the administrator can view overall records of total
passengers, amount, flights, and airlines. And not just it(codeastro.com), but
also the record of today’s flight, departed-arrived flights, and flight issues. In
terms of flight management, the admin has to manage flights of the current date
and time.

Flight Management System

Moreover, the first step in managing flight details is to set up airlines and city
locations. Then, the administrator can simply proceed with the management of
the flights. All the schedules arranged by the administrator are the ones that
end-users interact with for their online airline ticket
reservations(codeastro.com). Regarding flight schedules, the admin has to
provide a number of details. That includes departure and arrival date-time with
a selection of departure and arrival locations, duration, price, and airlines. In
fact, the administrator can simply remove the flight and airline records anytime.
It’s all clear that all these airlines along with location details are mandatory for
flight schedule management. In addition to it, the admin can only control the
current date’s flights from the dashboard. Besides, the administrator can view
the total number of passengers on each flight with detailed information.

Booking Airline Tickets

This whole passenger side of thing works from the client-side. For booking a
flight ticket, the passenger has to select any of the available results. After, the
system asks for the passenger’s details such as name, contact, email, and date of
birth. The final step of booking an airline ticket includes payment where he/she
has to enter card information. And after a successful transaction, the user can
view his/her tickets from the tickets section. All the tickets are automatically
generated by the system after bookings. In fact, the ticket contains all the flight
information such as names of airlines, locations, boarding time, seat, gate
number, etc. Additionally, the passengers can also cancel their tickets as well as
print out tickets from this section. Except for all these, the user can simply view
their flight status which helps to clear the current state of the booked flight.

System Architecture:

The airline reservation system's architecture typically consists of three main

components: the front-end, the back-end, and the database. These components
work together to provide users with a seamless booking experience while
ensuring efficient data management and processing.

Front-End:

The front-end of the airline reservation system is responsible for the user
interface that customers interact with when making flight reservations. It
includes web pages, forms, buttons, and other elements that users use to search
for flights, select travel dates, enter passenger information, and complete the
booking process. The front-end is typically built using HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript to create a visually appealing and user-friendly interface.
Back-End:

The back-end of the system handles the server-side logic and functionality
required to process user requests, interact with databases, and manage bookings.
It includes PHP scripts that handle form submissions, validate user input, query
the database for flight availability and pricing information, and process booking
transactions. The back-end also communicates with external services such as
payment gateways and flight reservation systems to finalize bookings and send
confirmation details to customers.
Database Structure:

The database plays a crucial role in storing and managing the vast amount of
data required for an airline reservation system to function effectively. The
database structure typically includes tables for storing information such as flight
schedules, passenger details, booking records, pricing data, airport codes, and
other relevant data. The database is designed to establish relationships between
different tables using primary keys, foreign keys, and indexes to ensure data
integrity and efficient retrieval.
The database structure is often normalized to reduce redundancy and improve
data consistency. For example, tables for flights may be linked to tables for
airports and airlines through foreign keys to establish relationships between
different entities. This relational database structure allows the system to
efficiently retrieve and update data while maintaining data integrity across
various tables.

Overall, the architecture of an airline reservation system involves a seamless

interaction between the front-end interface that users interact with, the back-end
logic that processes requests and manages bookings, and the database structure
that stores and retrieves data essential for the system's operation. By effectively
designing and implementing these components, developers can create a robust
and reliable airline reservation system that meets the needs of both customers
and airlines.
Main Functionalities of the Airline Reservation System:

1. User Registration and Login Process:

- Users can create an account by providing their personal information such as

name, email, contact details, and password.

- The system verifies the user's email address through a confirmation link or
code sent to their email.

- Registered users can log in securely using their email and password to access
their account and manage bookings.
2. Flight Search and Booking Process:

- Users can search for flights based on criteria such as departure city,
destination, travel dates, number of passengers, and class preference.

- The system displays a list of available flights matching the search criteria,
showing details like flight timings, airlines, prices, and seat availability.

- Users can select a flight, choose seats, add passenger details, and proceed to
the booking confirmation page.

- The system calculates the total fare including taxes, fees, and any additional
services selected by the user.

- Users can review the booking details, make changes if needed, and proceed
to payment to confirm the booking.
3. Payment Processing and Confirmation:

- The system offers various payment options such as credit/debit cards, net
banking, e-wallets, or other online payment methods.

- Users enter their payment details securely on the system's payment gateway
to complete the transaction.

- The system processes the payment securely and generates a booking

confirmation with a unique booking reference number.

- Users receive a confirmation email with all booking details, including flight
itinerary, ticket numbers, boarding pass information, and payment receipt.

- Users can also view their booking history, print e-tickets, and manage their
reservations through their account dashboard.
Additional Functionalities:

- Seat selection: Users can choose their preferred seats during the booking
process.

- Baggage allowance: Users can select and pay for additional baggage
allowance if required.

- Meal preferences: Users can pre-select meal options for their flights.

- Flight status updates: Users can receive real-time updates on flight delays,
cancellations, or schedule changes.

- Loyalty program integration: Users can earn and redeem loyalty points or
miles for bookings made through the system

Development Process Overview:

The development of an airline reservation system involves a combination of

front-end and back-end technologies to create a seamless user experience. The
process typically includes requirements gathering, system design, database
development, API integration with airlines for real-time flight information,
payment gateway integration, testing, and deployment.

Challenges Faced and Overcoming Them:

1. Integration with Airlines: One of the main challenges is integrating with

multiple airlines' APIs to fetch real-time flight information, seat availability, and
pricing. This requires thorough testing and handling different data formats from
various airlines. Overcoming this challenge involved developing robust API
integration modules and error handling mechanisms to ensure accurate and
reliable data retrieval.

2. Payment Gateway Integration: Ensuring secure payment processing is crucial

for any online booking system. Integrating payment gateways while adhering to
security standards and handling different payment methods posed a challenge.
Overcoming this involved implementing encryption protocols, PCI compliance
measures, and thorough testing to ensure seamless payment processing.

3. User Experience Design: Designing an intuitive and user-friendly interface

that caters to different types of users with varying levels of tech-savviness was a
challenge. Overcoming this involved conducting user testing, gathering
feedback, and iterative design improvements to enhance the overall user
experience.

Notable Features or Customizations:

1. Multi-Currency and Multilingual Support: Providing users the option to view

prices in their preferred currency and language enhances the user experience for
international travelers.

2. Seat Selection and Customization: Allowing users to select seats, add extra
baggage, meals, or other services during the booking process adds flexibility
and personalization to their travel experience.
3. Loyalty Program Integration: Integrating loyalty programs or frequent flyer
memberships into the reservation system enables users to earn and redeem
points for bookings, enhancing customer loyalty.

4. Mobile App Integration: Developing a mobile app version of the reservation

system with offline access, push notifications, and mobile check-in features can
further enhance user convenience.

Testing and Quality Assurance

are crucial phases in the development of an airline reservation system to ensure

its reliability, functionality, and security. The testing phase typically involves
the following steps:

1. Requirements Verification: Ensuring that the system meets all specified

requirements and functionalities outlined in the initial design phase.

2. Unit Testing: Testing individual components or modules of the system to

verify their correctness and functionality in isolation.

3. Integration Testing: Testing the interaction between different modules or

components to ensure they work together seamlessly.

4. System Testing: Testing the system as a whole to validate its overall

functionality, performance, and user experience.

5. User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Involving end-users to test the system in a

real-world scenario to ensure it meets their expectations and requirements.

6. Security Testing: Conducting security assessments to identify and address

potential vulnerabilities, ensuring data protection and secure transactions.
Quality assurance measures are implemented throughout the development process
to maintain high standards of quality. This includes:

1. Code Reviews: Regular reviews of the code by peers or senior developers to

identify any issues, bugs, or potential improvements.

2. Automated Testing: Implementing automated testing tools and frameworks to

conduct tests efficiently and consistently, ensuring code quality and
functionality.

3. Performance Testing: Evaluating the system's performance under various

load conditions to ensure it can handle multiple users and transactions without
performance degradation.

4. Regression Testing: Conducting tests to ensure that new updates or changes

do not adversely affect existing functionalities.

5. Compliance Testing: Ensuring that the system complies with industry

standards, regulations, and best practices for security, data protection, and user
privacy.

User Interface

When it comes to the user interface of an airline reservation system, it plays a

crucial role in determining the overall user experience and usability of the
system. Here are some key aspects to consider:
1. Evaluation of User Interface Design:

- The user interface design should be intuitive, user-friendly, and visually

appealing.

- Consistency in design elements such as color schemes, typography, and

layout is essential for a cohesive user experience.

- Navigation should be clear and easy to understand, with logical flow

between different sections and functionalities.

- Use of interactive elements like buttons, dropdown menus, and input fields
should be consistent and responsive.

2. User Experience and Usability Considerations:

- The system should provide a seamless booking experience, with clear steps
for selecting flights, entering passenger details, and making payments.

- Error handling should be informative and guide users on how to correct

mistakes or missing information.

- Loading times should be minimized to ensure a smooth and efficient user

experience.

- Accessibility considerations should be taken into account to ensure users

with disabilities can easily navigate and use the system.

3. User Feedback and Improvements:

- Gathering feedback from real users through usability testing, surveys, or

feedback forms can provide valuable insights into areas for improvement.

- Analyzing user behavior, such as drop-off rates at certain stages of the

booking process, can help identify pain points and areas that need optimization.

- Continuous iteration based on user feedback and data analytics can lead to
improvements in the user interface design and overall user experience.
ER DIAGRAM OF AN AIRLINE BOOKING SYSTEM
Fig 1 ER Diagram

Fig2 class diagram

Fig 3 tables
conclusion,
the airplane booking system developed using PHP has been a significant
project that showcases the functionalities and capabilities of modern online
reservation systems. Throughout this report, several key points have been
highlighted, reflecting the system's development process and its impact on the
aviation industry.

#### Summary of Key Points:

- The system offers users a seamless booking experience, from flight search to
payment processing, catering to the diverse needs of travelers.
- The integration of PHP with front-end technologies like HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript has facilitated the creation of a dynamic and user-friendly interface.
- Emphasis on security measures, such as data encryption and protection
protocols, ensures the safety of user information and transactions.

#### Reflection on Achievements and Challenges:

The project has successfully demonstrated the following achievements:
- Efficient user registration and login processes, enhancing user engagement
- Streamlined flight search and booking functionalities, improving the overall
user experience
- Effective testing and quality assurance procedures, resulting in a robust and
reliable system

Challenges encountered during the development process include:

- Integration complexities between front-end and back-end components
- Testing and debugging procedures to ensure smooth functionality across all
user interactions
- Implementation of security measures to safeguard user data and prevent
vulnerabilities
#### Future Recommendations:
To further enhance the airplane booking system, the following
recommendations can be considered:
- Implementation of additional features such as seat selection, meal preferences,
and loyalty programs to enhance user customization options.
- Integration of real-time flight status updates and notifications to provide users
with accurate and timely information.
- Continuous monitoring and optimization of performance metrics to ensure
scalability and responsiveness during peak booking periods.

In conclusion, the airplane booking system project has been a valuable

endeavor, showcasing the potential of PHP in developing sophisticated and
user-centric web applications. By addressing challenges, leveraging
achievements, and implementing future recommendations, the system can
continue to evolve and meet the evolving needs of travelers in the digital age.

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