BOOKLET

4° grade
Natural Sciences

INGLÉS
MISS ROCÍO
MISS ALEJANDRA
CICLO LECTIVO 2024
 Contents: Natural sciences
- How to be a scientist

- Living things and non-living things

- Kingdoms: Animal, Plant and Fungi kingdoms

- Animal kingdom: Vertebrates and invertebrates

- Vertebrates: mammals, fish, birds, amphibians and reptiles.

- Invertebrates: Echinoderms, annelids, mollusks, jellyfish, sponges, arthropods.

- The plant kingdom: parts of plants and photosynthesis.

- Plants and animals living together.

- Protected species and deforestation.

- Common illnesses.

- Food and nutrition.

- A healthy lifestyle

- Matter: definition and states.

- Changes in matter

- Materials: types of material; properties of materials.

- The Three Rs/ recycling

- Mixtures and solutions

- Forces: Push and pull forces; contact and non-contact forces.

- Magnetism

- Gravity and weight.

- Upthrust.
 How to be a scientist

Scientists wonder, investigate, and try to find out about the world around us. They
start this process by observing and making questions about how things work. Look at the
diagram. Are you ready to become a scientist?
We will investigate and learn more about the world around us. Let’s start!
 Living things
All living things carry out the three life processes of nutrition, interaction and reproduction but
in different ways. To make the study of living things easier we divide them into kingdoms, for
example, the Animal Kingdom.

1) Find and name in the pictures:

a) Three non-living things.
b) A vertebrate and an invertebrate animal.
c) Three different types of plants.
 Kingdoms: the Animal, Plant and Fungi kingdoms

The Fungi Kingdom

As well as the Animal and Plant kingdoms there is the Fungi Kingdom. Fungi are similar to plants in
that they can’t move around. However, they don’t make their own food. Fungi eat the remains of
living things or grow and feed on things that are still living. Mushrooms, mould and yeast are all
fungi. Look at the photos. Which fungi do we eat? Which ones should you not pick and eat by
yourself?
 Activities:

1) Complete the chart:

Kingdom Nutrition Can interact with the

environment by moving around
They eat other living things
Plant
They can’t move around

The Animal kingdom

Scientists have sorted animals into groups to make it easier to learn about them. To do
this, scientists look at the features of animals.
One way that scientists group animals is to look at the animal’s bone structure. Some
animals, like hippos, have a skeleton inside their bodies. Other animals, like crabs, have a
skeleton (shell) outside their bodies and some, like jellyfish, have no skeleton at all.

Vertebrates:
Vertebrates have a skeleton with a spinal column.

Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish make up the vertebrate group.
 Mammals

What mammals are like

How mammals move

What mammals eat

Activities:

1. Choose the odd one out. Three of them are mammals, one isn’t a mammal!! Can you guess it?

● Tiger, spider, sheep, dog.

● Human, bear, cow, frog.
● Squirrel, fish, horse, cat.
● Pig, bear, butterfly, lion.

2. Read the characteristics of mammals, and complete with the words from the box. Look at the
pictures to help you.
Fish
 Amphibians

- Lifecycle: Order the pictures

- True or false? decide:

a) Amphibians are invertebrates
b) Amphibians are born from eggs
c) Amphibians have feathers
d) Amphibians can live in water and on land
Reptiles

Birds
Activities:
2) Identify which group each animal belongs to. Explain.

All vertebrate animals have a backbone, but how they breathe, what they eat, and how they
reproduce can be different, even within a group.
Activities:

1) Complete the table

2) Look at the classification of vertebrates. Write examples for each group.

3) Look at the diagram and complete the sentences.

F_________ and young amphibians have g________

Reptiles, f_______ , b________ and amphibians lay e______.

Fish and r__________ have s_________ skin.

4) Look at the photo of vertebrates. Underneath each photo write which group it belongs
to (mammal, reptile, bird, amphibian, or fish) and why it belongs to that group.
 Invertebrates:

Invertebrates are animals that do not have an inner skeleton made of bones. They all are
born from eggs.

There are many groups of invertebrates. There are probably many you have never seen because
they are very small or because they live underwater.

97% of all animals are invertebrates and they live almost everywhere! Scientists are still finding
new species of invertebrates, but here are the six most common groups.
Activities:

1) Match the half-sentences

a) They are brightly coloured… 1. To take in oxygen and food.

b) They have shells… 2. To frighten away predators.
c) They have little holes… 3. To capture animals to eat.
d) They have tentacles… 4. To stop other animals eating them.
 The Plant Kingdom

Photosynthesis:

- What is it?
18 - Natural Sciences
Activities:

2) Look at the words in the box and complete the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS
3) Read the text “What plants need”. Draw and write 3 things plants need.
4) Plant parts or plant needs? Look at the words and classify them. Write the words in the
correct column.
 Investigation: Plants in nature
1) Look around the local environment. Look for plants that are growing well.
2) Make some cards like the one below to record the information about your
healthy plants.
3) Repeat the investigation for plants that are not growing well.
4) Discuss what you found out. What do plants need to grow well?
 Plants and animals living together.

Each ecosystem is a delicate balance between the habitat and its community of living things.

To conserve ecosystems we must respect living things and their habitats. Look at the photos.
Which of these things should we do? Which we shouldn’t do?
Activities:

5) Imagine all the oak trees have been cut down. Write what would happen to the squirrel and
fox populations.
6) Look at the picture. Write living things you see and which group they belong to.

Vertebrate animals Invertebrate animals Plants

snake (reptile) earthworm (annelid) bushes

7) Listen and say the name of the living things.

 Common illnesses
1) Look, read and think.

a) Look at the children in the picture. What do you think is wrong with each one of
them?
b) Look at the posters in the picture. What are the messages?

We should...

2) In your notebook, match the symptoms with the illnesses.

a) a runny nose, sneezing and coughing 1) an earache

b) a high temperature, aching body 2) head lice
c) pain in your stomach 3) a cold
d) pain in your ear 4) an upset stomach
e) an itchy head 5) flu

There are many common illnesses we can help to prevent by eating the right food and having
healthy habits. Let’s learn about different ways to keep healthy and prevent illnesses.
 Food and nutrition
We need food, water and oxygen in order to live.

Food contains essential nutrients. These are the substances that the body needs to grow and
function well. Eating the right food can help our body fight off illnesses and make us feel good.

Some nutrients are: Minerals and vitamins; Carbohydrates; Proteins and Fats.

As a general rule, avoid sugary and salty foods, like soft drinks, crisps, sweets, biscuits and cakes.

Remember to drink lots of water!

Food is either of animal or plant origin, and is classified into five groups.

Food for a healthy diet. We should eat food from all the groups to be healthy.

A diet is all the food we eat over a period of time.

● Our diet should be complete: we should eat foods from all the groups.
● Our diet should be balanced: we should eat the right amount of each food type.

Diets vary depending on how old a person is and the amount of physical exercise they do. For
example, while our bodies are growing, it is important to have a diet rich in calcium to ensure
strong, healthy bones. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, meat and fish is important at all ages.

Which of these things do you do? which should you do less or more of?
Activities:

2) My menu:

Let’s design a healthy menu for a day. Write and draw different dishes. Include:

✔ Breakfast

✔ Mid-morning snack

✔ Lunch

✔ Tea

✔ Dinner
 A healthy lifestyle
As well as eating the right food, what else can you do to be healthy?
 Hygiene

You can protect your body from bacteria and viruses by making sure you:

- Wash your hands before eating, after going to the toilet and after touching an
animal.
- Brush your teeth after eating.
- Have a shower regularly.

Activities:

1) Complete about you: Write YES or NO. Which activities do you do everyday?
Project: eat me/don’t eat much of me!
Almost most food that is not fresh has been processed. This means it has been packaged or
tinned in a factory. Sometimes this is not a problem, but often colouring, sugar, salt and fat is
added to food to make it taste better. You can tell this by reading the ingredients on the food
label.

Materials:

- Card
- Food labels
- Glue
- Scissors

Instructions:

Step 1: Collect food packages (biscuits - pasta – milk –

Candy )

Step 2: Look at them carefully. Read the nutritional information.

Step 3: Classify each product into:

~Eat me (healthy food)
~Don’t eat much of me.

Step 4: Make a poster.

Step 5: Write if your product contains fats, salt, protein, sugar, carbohydrates. (Remember to
look at the food pyramid!)

Language Bank: You can use some of these sentences when you describe your poster:

- Look at this packet of biscuits. They are healthy because they have...

-This packet of crisps (papas fritas) isn´t so good. It has got a lot of…

-Don´t eat a lot of…… It has got too much…. It is unhealthy…

- This can (lata) of … isn´t very healthy because…

-Look at this pot of yoghurt. It is good for you because…

-This packet of pasta is….

-This bottle of…… is / isn´t healthy because…

 Matter
Absolutely everything is made of matter. The book you have in your hands is matter: we can
measure it, weigh it and it occupies space wherever it is.

All things are composed of matter. Matter is formed by many tiny particles that we can not
see. These particles are called atoms.

The matter around us can be found in three states: solid, liquid or gas.

Solid
Solids have a definite shape. Their shape does not
change when we move them, for example, when we move
them from one container to another. In addition, solids
always occupy a definite volume.

The book you are reading, rocks, the table, ice, bread,
and almost everything we can hold, are solids.
Liquids
Liquids adopt the shape of the container they are in.
Water takes the shape of a bottle or a glass, depending on
where the water is. Liquids have a definite volume.

Liquids can flow. They can go gradually from one container to

another. For example, when we pour water from a pitcher into
a cup, a stream of liquid is formed that goes from the pitcher
to the cup.

Water, milk, oil, alcohol and mercury are liquids.

Gases
Gases have no definite shape.They adopt the shape of their
container, the same as liquids.

Gases do not always occupy the same volume. They always

expand to fill the container they are in. For this reason, when a
balloon bursts, the gas it contains spreads and occupies the
entire room.

The air we breathe and butane gas are gases.

Activities:

1) Draw and write examples for the three states of matter.

2) Complete the table. Write definite or variable where needed.

-------------------- Solids Liquids Gases

Shape definite
Volume variable

3) Read and write: YES or NO

a) Everything is made of matter
b) Matter has four states
c) Solids have a definite shape
d) Solids and liquids have a definite volume
 Changes in matter
Things are constantly changing. Matter can change. There are two types of changes.

Physical changes
A physical change occurs when a thing changes, but the matter forming it is still the same. The
molecules move but their structure doesn’t change.

Chemical changes
A chemical change occurs when the original matter changes into another substance. New molecules
are made and the matter is changed forever.
Activities:

1) Complete the chart. Are these examples of a physical or a chemical change?

2) COMPLETE. THEN, LISTEN AND CHECK.

Say a physical change or a chemical change:

1) When iron rusts it is a

2) When we fold paper it is a

3) When water evaporates it is a

4) When a banana rots it is a

5) When milk ferments it is a

6) When we warm milk it is a

7) When paper burns it is a

8) When we move a ball it is a

3) Make paper planes! Answer the questions.

a) What type of change is it?

b) What is happening to its molecules?
c) Now draw a picture of what you must do to your plane to change its molecules.
d) What type of change is it?

Physical and chemical change. When we smash a can or move it, a physical change has been
produced. When a can rusts, a chemical change is produced.
 Materials

Materials are used to make things

Materials are made of matter. We use materials to make things with. For example, a table is
made of wood, a pen is made of plastic, a window is made of glass.

Wood, plastic and glass are examples of materials.

Properties of materials
Each material is different. Each material has qualities that are different from the qualities of
other materials.

- Steel is strong: it can support heavy weights. This is why it is used to make tools, bridges
and buildings.
- Leather is flexible: it can be folded without breaking. It is used to make clothes, shoes
and handbags.
- Pottery is fragile: it breaks easily. Plates, bowls and cups are examples of pottery.
- Rubber is elastic: it stretches and later recovers its shape. It is used to make bicycle and
automobile tires.
- Glass is clear: you can see through it. It is used to make windows, eyeglasses and bottles.

It is important to know these qualities in order to choose the appropriate material for
each use.
Types of materials
What is it made of? Look at the example:

Activities:

1) Write sentences using:

PLASTIC – WOOD – GLASS – PAPER – COTTON – GOLD – WOOL – METAL - RUBBER

FOR EXAMPLE:

1) IT IS MADE OF PAPER.

2) IT IS MADE OF …
 2) Can you match each material to its properties? One has been done for you.

3) Can you name an object that is made of each material?

Rubber: Stone:
Metal: Glass:

4) Oral activities:
 Investigation: Materials in the school
We use materials for different things because of their properties.

1) Walk around the classroom or your school. Try to find different materials.
2) Note where you find each material.
3) Test each material to find out what properties it has.

This type of scientific work is called survey.

Revision
The Three Rs

Recycling
 Mixtures and solutions
When two substances are mixed together they form a mixture. There are two basic types of
mixture: a heterogeneous mixture and a homogeneous mixture.

In a heterogeneous mixture we can see the separate substances. This is because their molecules
don’t mix.

For example: strawberries and cream

In a homogeneous mixture we can’t see the separate substances. This is

because one substance dissolves into the other and their molecules mix.

For example: hot chocolate

A homogeneous mixture is also called a solution. The substance that

dissolves is called the solute and the substance that dissolves it is called the solvent.

Hot chocolate is an example of a solution. Chocolate powder is the solute and milk is the solvent.
Look at these examples of solutes and solvents in everyday life.

Activities:

1) Identify the solute and solvent in each of these solutions.

Mint tea Salty water Hot chocolate

Solvent: Solvent: Solvent:

Solute: Solute: Solute:

2) Experiment time!

What happens when you mix two different substances?

Instructions:

Let's complete the table! Let’s mix some ingredients and see what happens.

1) Read the substances and mix them. What happens? Do they dissolve or not?
2) After watching your experiment, write if it is HOMOGENEOUS or HETEROGENEOUS.
3) Make a drawing of what you get at the end of the experiment.
 WHAT IS THE
HOMOGENEOUS OR RESULT AT THE END
SUBSTANCES DO THEY DISSOLVE? HETEROGENEOUS OF YOUR
Yes? No? MIXTURES? EXPERIMENT? (Draw
what you see)

milk+powder Yes homogeneous

chocolate(Nesquik)

chocolate milk

tomatoes+lettuce no heterogeneous
+onions

salad

instant coffee+hot
water

Coke + ice cubes

Instant soup+hot water

strawberries+cream

yoghurt + cereal

oil + water
 Forces
We can’t see forces but we can feel their effect. For example, forces make things move or stop.
They change the shape of an object or even break it. They make things fall to the ground or stay
still. They also make things float or sink.

Look and think. Say in which photo:

a) There is a magnet. e) A person is falling.

b) People are using their body to move a f) Something is changing shape as the
ball. result of a force.
c) A machine is applying a force. g) People are applying force to a paddle
d) An object is floating in water. to move and object.
 Push and pull forces
Forces make things move or stay still by pushing or pulling. For example, we
use push and pull forces to open and close doors.

More examples:

Forces can make an object start moving, speed up, slow down, change direction or stop.
A force applied to an object can also change its shape or even break it. The result depends on the
material the object is made of and the amount of force applied.

Contact and non-contact forces.

Activities:

1) In your notebook, copy and complete the table for pictures 1-5 above.

Nº force applied by force applied to push or pull result

1 dog ball push stop
2
3
4
5
 Magnetism

How magnets work

Magnets create a magnetic field around them. We cannot see

these forces but they attract objects made of iron and steel.
We can see the objects moving towards the magnet. This is a
photo of a magnet and iron filings. The iron filings show us
where the magnetic field is.
Magnets have two ends: the North Pole (N) and the South Pole (S).

Activities:

1) True or False?
• Magnets attract all materials.

• A plastic toy car is magnetic

• Glass is non-magnetic

• An iron door is magnetic.

• A Steel knife is magnetic.

• Opposite poles of a magnet repel.

2) In your notebook, complete the paragraph with the correct word.

Magnetism is a (contact/non-contact) force. It is a (push/pull/push and pull) force.

Magnets attract (iron and steel/plastic/all metals). Magnets have (one/two) poles.
Opposite poles (attract/repel) and (push/pull) apart. The same poles (attract/repel) and
(push/pull) together.
 Investigation N°1: Does the magnet attract the clips?

Investigation N°2: All materials are magnetic?

1) Use a magnet to test objects.
- If an object is attracted towards the magnet, the object is made of a magnetic
material.
- If an object is not attracted towards the magnet, the object is made of a non-
magnetic material.
2) Copy the table in your notebook and record your results.

Gravity and weight

More examples of gravity are:

Activities:

1) Let’s listen to a song: “The gravity song. Science for kids”

a) Listen and count.
How many times can you hear the Word “GRAVITY”?

b) Listen and order.

-Without gravity we could jump into space.
-Gravity is a force that pulls everything down.
-Everything on Earth is affected by gravity.
 Upthrust

Who discovered upthrust?

Archimedes’ notes.
Activities:

1) Quiz: Is it true or false?

• Upthrust is a contact force.

• Archimedes discovered upthrust under a tree
• Upthrust is an opposite force to gravity.
• Upthrust is only applied in water.
Now, listen and check.

2) Experiment time! Sink or float?

Materials:
~A bowl with water
~Several objects

Instructions:
1) Look at these objects. Choose 3 of them.
2) Make predictions. What do you think? Will they sink or float?
3) Place those objects inside a bowl with water and see what happens.
Don’t forget to write the results.
 Bibliography
- Turner, A. Natural sciences Living things, Oxford educación.
- Blair, A. y Cadwallader, J. Natural sciences Our bodies and health, Oxford
educación.
- Blair, A. y Cadwallader, J. Natural sciences Matter and energy, Oxford
educación.
- Alzu Goñi, J. y Henao, J. Science and Geography 4, Richmond publishing.

- Hudson, T. Haigh, A. Oxford International Primary Science 3. Oxford University

Press.
BOOKLET
4° grade
Social studies

INGLÉS
MISS ROCÍO
CICLO LECTIVO 2023
Contents: Social studies

- Continents and oceans

- Using a compass rose (North, South, West and East)

- Natural formations (landforms)

- Reading a map

- Countries and symbols

- My country

- All about my country (capital city, flag, population, landmarks, typical

food)

- Great Britain – England (landmarks, important information)

- Communities. Rural vs urban areas

- Agriculture. Farm life

- From farm to table (farm products).

 Continents and oceans

From space, the Earth looks blue. This is because the surface of the Earth is mostly water. The
surface is about 70% ocean and only 30% land. People have given the land and oceans names.

The land is divided into seven continents. They are: Asia – Africa – North America – South America –
Europe – Australia.

The five oceans are: the Pacific – Atlantic – Indian – Southern – Arctic.

- This world map shows 4 oceans and 7 continents. Use the map below to answer the questions.

1) What is the name of the continent where you live?

2) Which two oceans border South America?
3) What ocean is north of Europe?
4) Which ocean is east of Africa?
5) Which ocean separates North America from Europe?
6) Which continent is closest to Antarctica?
7) Which continent is also an island?
8) What percent of the earth is covered by water?
9) What percent of the Earth is covered by land?

- Locate the continents on the world map below and colour them using the colour key.

Asia = pink South America = red Antarctica = blue

Europe = yellow North America = green Africa = orange

Australia = brown
 Compass Rose
A Compass Rose is a figure on a map that displays the directions.

- Complete the sentences with: NORTH – SOUTH – WEST - EAST

59 - Social Studies
60 - Social Studies
 Reading a map
Match the word to the picture.
Match, then number.
Look at the map and answer the questions.
 Countries and symbols

1) What are the symbols of the country where you live?

2) Colour the argentinian flag.

3) When do we sing The National Anthem? Mention some events.

 All about my country
Complete the chart with true information about the country where you live.
 Great Britain

Great Britain refers to England, Scotland and Wales.

Great Britain and Northern Ireland now constitute the United Kingdom.
 England
England is the largest country in the UK. The capital of England is London which is also the capital
city of the UK.

The England flag is white and red. St. George’s Cross is the national flag of England ( a red cross on a
white background).

The monarchy lives at Buckingham Palace in London.

Complete the chart with information about England:

National symbol

Favourite foods and drinks

Capital of England

Who lives at Buckingham Palace?

 Communities
People use land in different ways. Some areas have a lot of open space. Some areas have buildings
close together and people living near each other. People choose the type of community they want to
live in. They think about their interests and their work.

A rural area has few homes and businesses. There is a lot of space between
buildings. Rural areas are perfect for people who want to grow plants for food
or raise animals.

An urban area is a large city and the places near it. Many people live and work
in the same large city. You will find public transportation, like buses, in urban
areas. There are many things to do and see in the city.

Where do these items belong?

Tall buildings - farms - supermarkets - lots of people - traffic - lots of open space - buses - cows and
sheeps - fields -

Urban area Rural area

In rural areas, most people work on agriculture. This means they farm crops or raise animals. There
are a lot of farmhouses in the country. You can often see animals in the fields. Other fields are filled
with crops. Crops are harvested to make different products that we use daily.

Match products to crops

Activities:

1) Find pictures and stick them in the right column. Let’s check the vocabulary.

2) Farm to table. Classify the following products.

3) Farm to table. Where does it come from?

 4) Farm animals: do the crossword.

xxzzxczxczx
xxzzxczxczx
 Bibliography
- Alzu Goñi, J. y Henao, J. Science and Geography 4, Richmond publishing.
- Learn English Online, British council - https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/

xxzzxczxczx