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TOPIC –VECTORS (M) – 9417968165/7719686002

BASED ON CONCEPT OF DOT PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS

PART – A
1. Find angle between two vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ with magnitudes 1 and 2 respectively and 𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗⃗ =1
2. If 𝑎⃗ = 5𝑖̂ - 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ -5𝑘̂ then show that vectors𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ are perpendicular.
1 1 1
3. Show that the vectors (2𝑖̂ +3 𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ ) , (3𝑖̂ -6 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ) and (6𝑖̂ +2 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ ) are unit vectors and
7 7 7
perpendicular to each other.
4. Find the magnitude of two vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ having same magnitude and such that angle between
them is 60° and their scalar product is ½.
5. If 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖̂ +2 𝑗̂ +3𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = −𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ +𝑘̂ , 𝑐⃗ =3 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ are such that 𝑎⃗ + 𝛾𝑏⃗⃗ is perpendicular to 𝑐⃗ then
find 𝛾
6. If 𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑎⃗ = 0 and 𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗⃗ = 0 then what can be concluded about𝑏⃗⃗?
7. For any two vectors 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ , prove that |𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗⃗| ≤ |𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗⃗|
8. For any two vectors 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ , prove that |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| ≤ |𝑎⃗| + |𝑏⃗⃗|

𝜋
ANSWERS : 1. 4. 1 6. 𝑏⃗⃗ is any non-zero vector
3
PART – B
1. If 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are unit vectors, then what is the angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ for 𝑎⃗ − √2 𝑏⃗⃗ to be a unit
vector?
2. If 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗, 𝑐⃗ are unit vectors such that 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0
⃗⃗, then write the value of𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ ∙ 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗ ∙ 𝑎⃗.
3. If 𝑎⃗ = 7𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ +3𝑘̂ , then find the projection of 𝑎⃗ on𝑏⃗⃗.
4. Let 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ and𝑐⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ . Find a vector 𝑑⃗ which is
perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ ∙ 𝑑⃗ = 27.
5. If 𝑎̂, 𝑏̂ and 𝑐̂ are mutually perpendicular unit vectors, then find the value of|2𝑎̂ + 𝑏̂ + 𝑐̂ |.
6. The vectors 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑥𝑗̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑦𝑘̂ are mutually perpendicular. If |𝑎⃗| =|𝑏⃗⃗|, then
find the value of y.
7. Write the projection of vector 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ along the vector𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂.
8. Find the angle between the vectors 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ and𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂.
9. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and𝑐⃗ = 5𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ , then find the value of(𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) ∙ 𝑐⃗.
10. Find the projection of the vector 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ on the vector 2𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ .
11. If 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are two unit vectors such that 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ is also a unit vector, then find the angle
between 𝑎⃗ and𝑏⃗⃗.
12. Vectors 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ are such that 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = ⃗0⃗ and |𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 5 and|𝑐⃗| = 7. Find the
angle between 𝑎⃗ and𝑏⃗⃗.
13. If 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are perpendicular vectors, |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| = 13 and |𝑎⃗| = 5, find the value of|𝑏⃗⃗|.
14. The scalar product of the vector 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ with a unit vector along the sum of the vectors
𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ and 𝑐⃗ = 𝜆𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ is equal to one. Find the value of 𝜆 and hence find
the unit vector along𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗.
15. Write the projection of vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ along the vector 𝑗̂ .
16. If 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are two vectors such that|𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗|, then prove that vector 2𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ is
perpendicular to vector𝑏⃗⃗.
17. Find|𝑥⃗|, if for a unit vector𝑎⃗, (𝑥⃗ − 𝑎⃗) ∙ (𝑥⃗ + 𝑎⃗) = 15.
18. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ and𝑏⃗⃗ = 5𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝜆𝑘̂ , then find the value of 𝜆 so that 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ are
perpendicular vectors.
19. If 𝑝⃗ = 5𝑖̂ + 𝜆𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ and𝑞⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂, then find the value of 𝜆 so that 𝑝⃗ + 𝑞⃗ and 𝑝⃗ − 𝑞⃗ are
perpendicular vectors.
20. If 𝑎⃗ is a unit vector and (𝑥⃗ − 𝑎⃗) ∙ (𝑥⃗ + 𝑎⃗ ) = 24, then write the value of|𝑥⃗|.
21. If 𝑝⃗ is a unit vector and (𝑥⃗ − 𝑝⃗) ∙ (𝑥⃗ + 𝑝⃗ ) = 48, then write the value of|𝑥⃗ |.
22. If 𝑎⃗ is a unit vector and (2𝑥⃗ − 3𝑎⃗) ∙ (2𝑥⃗ + 3𝑎⃗) = 91, then write the value of|𝑥⃗|.
23. Find 𝜆 when the projection of 𝑎⃗ = 𝜆𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ on 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ is 4 units.
24. If 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ are three vectors such that |𝑎⃗| = 5, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 12 and|𝑐⃗| = 13, and 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0
⃗⃗ ,
find the value of 𝑎⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗ b + ⃗⃗
b ∙ c⃗ + c⃗ ∙ a⃗⃗.
25. Let 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ and𝑐⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ . Find a vector 𝑝⃗ which is
perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ and𝑏⃗⃗, and 𝑝⃗ ∙ 𝑐⃗ = 18.
26. If 𝛼⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ and𝛽⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ , then express 𝛽⃗ in the form𝛽⃗ = 𝛽⃗1 + 𝛽⃗2 , where 𝛽⃗1
is parallel to 𝛼⃗ and 𝛽⃗2 is perpendicular to𝛼⃗.
27. If 𝛼⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ and𝛽⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ , then express 𝛽⃗ in the form 𝛽⃗ = 𝛽⃗1 +𝛽⃗2 , where 𝛽⃗1 is parallel
to 𝛼⃗ and 𝛽⃗2 is perpendicular to𝛼⃗.

28. If 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ are mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitudes , show that 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗
is equally inclined to 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ . Find the angle which 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ makes with 𝑎⃗ or 𝑏⃗⃗
or 𝑐⃗.
29. For any vector 𝑟⃗ , prove that 𝑟⃗ = (𝑟⃗. ⏞𝑖 ) ⏞𝑖 + (𝑟⃗. ⏞
𝑗)⏞𝑗 + (𝑟⃗. ⏞
𝑘) ⏞𝑘
30. If two vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are such that |𝑎⃗|= 3 , |𝑏⃗⃗| = 2 and 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 6 , Find |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| and |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗|.
𝜃 1
31. If 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ are unit vectors inclined at angle 𝜃 then prove that (i) sin = |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗| (ii)
2 2
𝜃 1 𝜃 ⃗⃗|
|𝑎⃗⃗−𝑏
cos 2 =2 |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| (iii) tan 2 = ⃗⃗|
|𝑎⃗⃗+𝑏
32. For any two vectors 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ , prove that |𝑎⃗|𝑏⃗⃗ + |𝑏⃗⃗|𝑎⃗ is orthogonal to the vector |𝑎⃗ |𝑏⃗⃗ − |𝑏⃗⃗|𝑎⃗.
33. Find the values of x for which the angle between the vectors 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑥 2 𝑖̂ + 4𝑥𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ =
7𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑥𝑘̂ is obtuse.
34. If 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ are three vectors such that |𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 4 and|𝑐⃗| = 5and each one of them is
being perpendicular to sum of other two , find |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗|

3 8 5
ANSWERS : 1. 45° 2. − 2 3. 7 4. 96𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ − 42𝑘̂ 5. √6 6. ±√40 7. 8. 120° 9. 3
√2
2𝜋 1
10. 5 11. 12. 60 13. 12 14. 𝜆 = 1, (3𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂)15. 1 17. 4 18. ±5 19. ±1 20. 5
°
3 7
3 4 13 9
21. 7 22. 5 23. 5 24. – 169 25. 64𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 28𝑘̂ 26. 𝛽1 = − 5 𝑖̂ − 5 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ , 𝛽2 = 5 𝑖̂ + 5 𝑗̂ −
3𝑘̂
3 1 1 3 1
27. 𝛽1 = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂, 𝛽2 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ 28. cos −1
2 2 2 2
30 . 5 , 1 33. (0,1/2). 34. 5√2
√3