4 Percentages (II)

2. Population of the city n years after 2017

4 Percentages (II) = 1 000 000 × (1 + 5%)( n )

Quick Review Classwork

Let’s Try (p. 4.3) Classwork (p. 4.32)

200 − 100 Number of periods Interest rate per period
1. percentage=
increase × 100%
100 3 12%
100 12%
= × 100% 3×(2)=(6) = (6)%
100 (2)
= 100% 12%
3 × ( 4 ) = ( 12 ) = (3)%
(4)
2. new value = 70 × (1 − 35%)
12%
= 70 × 0.65 3 × ( 12 ) = ( 36 ) = (1)%
(12)
= 45.5

Quick Practice
Review Exercise 4 (p. 4.3)
41 − 40
1. =
Percentage increase × 100% Quick Practice 4.1 (p. 4.4)
40
(a) Percentage change
1
= × 100% 600 − 800
40 = × 100%
800
= 2.5%
= −25%

600 − 510
2. Percentage=
decrease × 100% (b) Percentage change
600
848 − 800
90 = × 100%
= × 100% 800
600
= +6%
= 15%

3. New fare = $8 × (1 + 5%) Quick Practice 4.2 (p. 4.5)

= $8 × 1.05 (a) Number of choir members this year
= 70 × (1 + 20%)
= $8.4
= 70 × 1.2
= 84
4. Number of patients on Tuesday
= 320 × (1 − 40%)
= 320 × 0.6 (b) Number of choir members this year
= 70 × (1 − 10%)
= 192
= 70 × 0.9
= 63
Activity
Quick Practice 4.3 (p. 4.5)
Activity 4.1 (p. 4.6)
Let $x be the cost of the project last year.
1. Number of visitors in 2018
= 40 000 × (1 + 10%) x × (1 + 40%) = 28 000
= 44 000 =x 28 000 ÷ (1 + 40%)
= 28 000 ÷ 1.4
2. = 44 000 × (1 − 5%)
Number of visitors in 2019
= 20 000
= 41 800
∴ The cost of the project last year was $20 000.
3. yes
Quick Practice 4.4 (p. 4.7)
Activity 4.2 (p. 4.16) Water bill of Johnny in April
1. Population of the city in= 2018 1 000 000 × (1 + 5%) = $200 × (1 − 20%) × (1 − 30%) × (1 + 50%)
Population of the city in 2019 = $200 × 0.8 × 0.7 × 1.5
population of the city in 2018 × (1 + 5%) = $168
= 1 000 000 × (1 + 5%)(2)
Population of the city in 2020
population of the city in 2019 × (1 + 5%)
= 1 000 000 × (1 + 5%)(3)

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 Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

Quick Practice 4.5 (p. 4.7) 2

New advertising cost= C × (1 + 20%)
Let $v be the value of the necklace two years ago. 5
v × (1 + 40%) × (1 − 9%) = 6370 2
= C × 1.2
v × 1.4 × 0.91 = 6370 5
v = 5000 = 0.48C
∴ The value of the necklace was $5000 two years ago. ∴ The new advertising cost is less than the new
production cost.
Quick Practice 4.6 (p. 4.8) ∴ Candy’s claim is disagreed.
Let x be the number of birds in the wetland park in 2017.
Number of birds in the wetland park in 2019 (b) New cost of the shirt = 0.66C + 0.48C = 1.14C
= x × (1 − 14%) × (1 + 25%) 1.14C − C
=
Percentage change × 100%
= x × 0.86 × 1.25 C
= 1.075 x 0.14C
= × 100%
1.075 x − x C
Overall percentage= change × 100% = +14%
x
0.075 x
= × 100%
x Quick Practice 4.10 (p. 4.17)
= +7.5% Expected profit of the company after 4 years
= $3 000 000 × (1 + 2%) 4
Quick Practice 4.7 (p. 4.9) = $3 000 000 × 1.024
Number of boys now = 40 × (1 − 20%) = $3 247 000 (cor. to the nearest $1000)
= 32
Number of girls now = 36 × (1 + 25%) Quick Practice 4.11 (p. 4.18)
= 45 Let n be the number of fans of the Korean singer 5 months ago.
= 32 + 45
Number of members in the swimming team now n × (1 + 30%)5 = 400 000
= 77 5
n × 1.3 =400 000
400 000
Quick Practice 4.8 (p. 4.10) n=
1.35
Let p and n be the original ticket price and the original number = 108 000 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
of tickets sold respectively.
∴ There were 108 000 fans of the Korean singer 5 months
Original ticket revenue = np
ago.
New ticket price = p × (1 + 25%)
= 1.25 p Quick Practice 4.12 (p. 4.19)
New number of tickets sold = n × (1 − 16%) (a) Number of periods = 2
= 0.84n Value of the sofa at the beginning of 2020
= 1.25 p × 0.84n
New ticket revenue = $7500 × (1 − 15%) 2
= 1.05np = $7500 × 0.852
Percentage change in ticket revenue = $5419 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
1.05np − np
= × 100%
np
(b) Depreciation in value= $(7500 − 7500 × 0.852 )
0.05np
= × 100% = $2081 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
np
= +5%
Quick Practice 4.13 (p. 4.20)
Let $P be the value of the mobile phone half a year ago.
Quick Practice 4.9 (p. 4.11) 1
×12
(a) Let C be the cost of the shirt. P × (1 − 10%) 2 3000
=
6
3 3 P × 0.9 = 3000
Then, the original production
= cost = C C
3+ 2 5 3000
P=
2 2 0.96
and the original advertising
= cost = C C.
3+ 2 5 = 5645 (cor. to the nearest integer)
3 ∴ The value of the mobile phone was $5645 half a year ago.
New production cost = C × (1 + 10%)
5
3
= C ×1.1
5
= 0.66 C

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 4 Percentages (II)

Quick Practice 4.14 (p. 4.21) Quick Practice 4.19 (p. 4.31)
5700 − 5187 = $30 000 × (1 + 8%) 2
Amount
(a) Percentage
= decrease × 100%
5700 = $34 992
513
= × 100% interest $(34 992 − 30 000)
Compound=
5700
= $4992
= 9%
∴ r =9
Quick Practice 4.20 (p. 4.32)
Let $P be the principal which Judy borrowed.
(b) Number of butterflies after 5 years
= 5187 × (1 − 9%) 5
62 505 = P × [(1 + 15%)3 − 1]
= 5187 × 0.915
P × (1.153 − 1)
62 505 =
≈ 3237
62 505
> 3200 P=
1.153 − 1
∴ Tony’s claim is disagreed.
= 120 000
∴ Judy borrowed $120 000 from the bank.
Quick Practice 4.15 (p. 4.26)
(a) Simple interest
= $12 000 × 5% × 3
Quick Practice 4.21 (p. 4.33)
= $1800 Number of quarters in 3 years= 3 × 4
Amount
= $(12 000 + 1800) = 12
= $13 800 8%
Interest rate per quarter =
4
(b) 30 months = 2.5 years = 2%
= $12 000 × 5% × 2.5
Simple interest = $20 000 × (1 + 2%)12
Amount
= $1500 ∴ Compound interest
= $[20 000 × (1 + 2%)12 − 20 000]
= $(12 000 + 1500)
Amount
= $5365 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
= $13 500

Alternative Solution
Quick Practice 4.16 (p. 4.26)
 8%  3× 4

Let $P be the principal that Anthony borrowed. Compound interest
= $20 000 × 1 + − 1

1600 =P × 8% × 4  4  
1600 = 0.32 P = $20 000 × [(1 + 2%)12 − 1]
P = 5000 = $5365 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
∴ The principal that Anthony borrowed was $5000.

Quick Practice 4.17 (p. 4.27) Quick Practice 4.22 (p. 4.34)
(a) Simple=interest $(24 400 − 20 000) Let $P be the principal which Michael borrowed.
= $4400 Number of half-year periods in one year = 1 × 2
=2
10%
(b) Let t years be the deposit period. Interest rate per half year =
2
4400= 20 000 × 5.5% × t
= 5%
4400 = 1100t
∴ 6615 = P × (1 + 5%) 2
t=4
6615= P × 1.052
∴ The money was deposited for 4 years.
6615
P=
Quick Practice 4.18 (p. 4.27) 1.052
Let r% be the annual interest rate. = 6000
 9 ∴ Michael borrowed $6000 from the bank.
51 075
= 45 000 × 1 + r % × 
 12 
3 Quick Practice 4.23 (p. 4.35)
1.135 =+1 r% × For financial company A,
4
r % = 0.18 simple interest paid
= $18 000 × 20% × 2
r = 18 = $7200
∴ The annual interest rate was 18%. For financial company B,
number of months in 2 years = 2 × 12
= 24

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 Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

18% (b) Mr Lee’s total income last= month $(17 000 + 3000)
interest rate per month =
12 = $20 000
= 1.5% Percentage change
compound interest paid 19 750 − 20 000
= × 100%
= $[18 000 × (1 + 1.5%) 24 − 18 000] 20 000
= $7731 (cor. to the nearest integer) = −1.25%
∵ Financial company A charges less interest compared with
financial company B. 2. Original area of the square =  2 cm 2
∴ Mrs Wong should choose financial company A to pay less New length of the side = × (1 + 20%) cm
interest. = 1.2 cm
New area of the square = 1.2 × 1.2 cm 2
Quick Practice 4.24 (p. 4.39)
= 1.44 2 cm 2
Net chargeable =income $(350 000 − 160 000)
Percentage change in the area
= $190 000
1.44 2 −  2
= $(50 000 + 50 000 + 50 000 + 40 000)= × 100%
2
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax 0.44 2
= × 100%
On the first $50 000 2% $1000 2
On the next $50 000 6% $3000 = +44%
On the next $50 000 10% $5000
On the next $40 000 14% $5600 Consolidation Corner (p. 4.18)
∴ Jenny’s salaries tax payable 1. (a) New value= 800 × (1 + 10%)
2

= $(1000 + 3000 + 5000 + 5600)

= 800 × 1.12
= $14 600
= 968

Consolidation Corner
(b) New value
= $4000 × (1 + 5%)3
= $4000 × 1.053
Consolidation Corner (p. 4.8)
1. Number of chickens after two years = $4630.5
= 900 × (1 − 45%) × (1 + 20%)
= 900 × 0.55 × 1.2 (c) P × (1 + 20%) 2 =216 cm
= 594 P × 1.22 = 216 cm
216
P = 2 cm
2. (a) Number of students in 2019 1.2
= 800 × (1 − 10%) × (1 − 5%) = 150 cm
= 800 × 0.9 × 0.95
= 684 2. (a) Number of passengers 4 years later
= 2 500 000 × (1 + 8%) 4
(b) Overall percentage change = 2 500 000 × 1.084
684 − 800 = 3 401 000 (cor. to the nearest thousand)
= × 100%
800
= −14.5% (b) Let n be the number of passengers 2 years ago.
n × (1 + 8%) 2 =2 500 000
3. x × (1 + 5%) × (1 + 8%) = 13 608 n × 1.082 =
2 500 000
x × 1.05 × 1.08 = 13 608 2 500 000
n=
x = 12 000 1.082
= 2 143 000
Consolidation Corner (p. 4.12) (cor. to the nearest thousand)
1. (a) Mr Lee’s full-time job income this month ∴ There were 2 143 000 passengers 2 years ago.
= $17 000 × (1 + 10%)
= $18 700 Consolidation Corner (p. 4.21)
2
Mr Lee’s part-time job income this month 1. (a) New value= 800 × (1 − 5%)
= $3000 × (1 − 65%) = 800 × 0.952
= $1050 = 722
Mr Lee’s total income this=
month $(18 700 + 1050)
= $19 750

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 4 Percentages (II)

(b) New value

= $576 × (1 − 25%)3 (b) Suppose the money was borrowed for t years.
3 1925
= 11 000 × 7% × t
= $576 × 0.75
1925 = 770t
= $243
t = 2.5
∴ The money was borrowed for 2.5 years.
(c) P × (1 − 10%) 2 =
1620 m
P × 0.92 = 1620 m Consolidation Corner (p. 4.35)
1620 = $96 000 × (1 + 5%)3
1. (a) Amount
P= m
0.92 = $111 132
= 2000 m
=
Compound interest $(111 132 − 96 000)
= $15 132
2. (a) Value of the machine 2 years later
= $36 000 × (1 − 14%) 2× 2
(b) Number of half-year periods in 3 years= 3 × 2
= $36 000 × 0.864
=6
= $19 692 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
5%
Interest rate per half year =
2
(b) Let $P be the value of the machine 3 years ago. = 2.5%
P × (1 − 14%)3× 2 =36 000 Amount
= $96 000 × (1 + 2.5%)6
P × 0.866 = 36 000 = $111 331 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
36 000
P= Compound interest
0.866 = $[96 000 × (1 + 2.5%)6 − 96 000]
= 88 984
= $15 331 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
(cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ The value of the machine was $88 984 3 years
2. Let $P be the principal which John deposits.
ago. Number of quarters in 2 years= 2 × 4
=8
Consolidation Corner (p. 4.28)
1. (a) Simple interest= $1600 × 5% × 2 2%
Interest rate per quarter =
4
= $160
= 0.5%
= $(1600 + 160)
Amount ∴ 46 832 = P × (1 + 0.5%)8
= $1760 46 832= P × 1.0058
46 832
P=
9 1.0058
(b) Simple interest= $3000 × 10% ×
12 = 45 000 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $225 ∴ The principal is $45 000.
= $(3000 + 225)
Amount
3. (a) (i) Simple interest paid= $8000 × 7% × 6
= $3225
= $3360
(ii) Compound interest paid
(c) Simple interest
= $100 000 × 7.5% × 4
= $[8000 × (1 + 7%)6 − 8000]
= $30 000
= $4006 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
Amount $(100 000 + 30 000)
=
= $130 000 (b) ∵ Bank A charges less interest compared with
bank B.
2. Let $P be the principal that Mr Chan deposited. ∴ Mr Ho should borrow money from Bank A.
6000 =P × 4% × 3
6000 = 0.12 P Exercise
P = 50 000
∴ The principal that Mr Chan deposited was Exercise 4A (p. 4.12)
$50 000. Level 1
1. (a) Percentage change
3. (a) Simple=
interest $(12 925 − 11 000)
180 − 150
= $1925 = × 100%
150
= +20%

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 Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

(b) Percentage change 9. (a) Number of participants in 2020

135 − 150 = 12 000 × (1 + 10%) × (1 − 15%) × (1 + 5%)
= × 100%
150 = 12 000 × 1.1 × 0.85 × 1.05
= −10% = 11 781

2. (a) Price of the book today= $80 × (1 − 15%) (b) Overall percentage change
= $80 × 0.85 11 781 − 12 000
= × 100%
= $68 12 000
= −1.825%
(b) Price of the book today= $80 × (1 + 5%)
= $80 × 1.05 10. New weight = 80 × (1 − 5%) × (1 + 2%) kg
= $84 = 80 × 0.95 × 1.02 kg
= 77.52 kg

3. Let  cm be the original length of the metal rod. Overall percentage change
77.52 − 80
 × (1 + 4%) = 46.8 = × 100%
80
= 46.8 ÷ (1 + 4%) = −3.1
= 46.8 ÷ 1.04 ≠ −3%
= 45 ∴ Mary’s claim is disagreed.
∴ The original length of the metal rod is 45 cm.
11. New labour cost
= $120 × (1 + 25%)
4. Number of trees left after these two years = $150
= 9000 × (1 − 40%) × (1 − 50%) New material cost
= $(200 − 120) × (1 − 20%)
= 9000 × 0.6 × 0.5
= $64
= 2700 New production= cost $(150 + 64)
= $214
5. Number of visitors in 2017
= 600 000 × (1 + 15%) × (1 + 5.8%)
12. (a) Number of boys this year= 600 × (1 − 18%)
= 600 000 × 1.15 × 1.058
= 492
= 730 020 Number of girls this year= 400 × (1 − 2%)
= 392
6. x × (1 − 12%) × (1 + 25%) = 55 Total number of students this year
x × 0.88 × 1.25 = 55 = 492 + 392
x = 50 = 884
∴ 50 students passed the test in 2018.
(b) Total number of students last year
= 600 + 400
7. Let $p be the original price of the computer book. = 1000
p × (1 − 35%) × (1 − 10%) = 117 884 − 1000
Percentage
= change × 100%
p × 0.65 × 0.9 =
117 1000
p = 200 = −11.6%
∴ The original price of the computer book was $200.
13. (a) Number of fiction books this year
8. (a) Number of lunch sets sold on Wednesday = 20 000 × 25% × (1 + 8%)
= 1600 × (1 + 60%) × (1 − 20%) = 20 000 × 0.25 × 1.08
= 1600 × 1.6 × 0.8 = 5400
= 2048 Number of non-fiction books this year
= 20 000 × (1 − 25%) × (1 + 30%)
(b) Overall percentage change = 20 000 × 0.75 × 1.3
2048 − 1600 = 19 500
= × 100%
1600 ∴ Number of books in the library this year
= +28% = 5400 + 19 500
= 24 900

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 4 Percentages (II)

(b) Percentage change in the number of books 17. Amount of money raised last year = $60 × 440
24 900 − 20 000 = $26 400
= × 100%
20 000 Price of each ticket this year= $60 × (1 + 25%)
= +24.5%
= $75
Number of tickets sold this year= 440 × (1 − 5%)
14. (a) Profit of the shop last month = 418
= $(54 000 − 36 000) Amount of money raised this year = $75 × 418
= $18 000 = $31 350
Income of the shop this month > $26 400
= $54 000 × (1 + 12%) ∴ The amount of money raised this year is more than
= $60 480 that of last year.
Expenditure of the shop this month ∴ John’s claim is agreed.
= $36 000 × (1 − 6%)
= $33 840 Level 2
Profit of the shop this month 18. Monthly salary of Carmen this year
= $(60 480 − 33 840) = $18 000 × (1 + 5%) × (1 + 4%) × (1 + 3.5%)
= $26 640 = $18 000 × 1.05 × 1.04 × 1.035
= $20 343.96
(b) Percentage change in the profit of the shop Overall percentage increase
26 640 − 18 000 20 343.96 − 18 000
= × 100% = × 100%
18 000 18 000
= +48% = 13% (cor. to the nearest integer)

15. (a) Original area of the triangle 19. Price of Mrs Lee’s flat in 2019
1 = $3 800 000 × (1 + 2.5%) × (1 + 7.5%) × (1 − 10%)
= × 30 × 15 cm 2
2 = $3 800 000 × 1.025 × 1.075 × 0.9
= 225 cm 2 = $3 768 412.5
New base = 30 × (1 − 10%) cm < $3 800 000
= 27 cm ∴ Mrs Lee’s claim is disagreed.
New height = 15 × (1 − 20%) cm
= 12 cm 20. Let s be Johnny’s score in the first test.
New area of the triangle Johnny’s score in the third test = s × (1 + 5%) × (1 − 5%)
1 = s × 1.05 × 0.95
= × 27 × 12 cm 2
2 = 0.9975s
= 162 cm 2 <s
∴ Johnny’s score was higher in the first test.
(b) Percentage change in the area
162 − 225 21. Let P be the annual profits of the company in 2017.
= × 100% Annual profits of the company in 2019
225
= −28% = P × (1 + 75%) × (1 − 55%)
= P × 1.75 × 0.45
= 0.7875 P
16. (a) Original volume of the cube
Overall percentage change
= 20 × 20 × 20 cm3
0.7875 P − P
= 8000 cm 3 = × 100%
P
New length of the side = 20 × (1 + 30%) cm −0.2125 P
= × 100%
= 26 cm P
New volume of the cube = −21.25%
= 26 × 26 × 26 cm3
= 17 576 cm 3 22. Original production cost
= $(20 + 8 + 12)
= $40
(b) Percentage change in the volume New printing cost= $20 × (1 + 15%)
17 576 − 8000 = $23
= × 100%
8000 New paper cost = $8 × (1 + 20%)
= +119.7% = $9.6

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 Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

New design cost= $12 × (1 − 10%) 25. Original time for advertisements and news
= $10.8 =×16 (10% + 40%) h
New production cost = $(23 + 9.6 + 10.8) = 16 × 0.5 h
= $43.4 =8 h
43.4 − 40 Original time for music programmes
Percentage=
change × 100% = (16 − 8) h
40
= +8.5% =8 h
New time for advertisements and news
=8 × (1 + 25%) h
23. (a) Original monthly expenditure on housing = 8 × 1.25 h
5
= $10 000 × = 10 h
5+2+3 New time for music programmes
= $5000 = (16 − 10) h
Original monthly expenditure on food
=6h
2 ∴ Percentage decrease in the time for music programmes
= $10 000 ×
5+2+3 8−6
= $2000 = × 100%
8
Original monthly expenditure on transportation
= 25%
3
= $10 000 ×
5+2+3
26. Let n be the original number of passengers and x% be the
= $3000
percentage change in the number of passengers in the third
New monthly expenditure on housing year.
= $5000 × (1 − 20%)
n × (1 − 20%) × (1 − 50%) × (1 + x%) =n
= $4000
 x 
New monthly expenditure on food 0.8 × 0.5 × 1 + = 1
= $2000 × (1 + 10%)  100 
x
= $2200 1+ = 2.5
New monthly expenditure on transportation 100
= $3000 × (1 + 8%) x
= 1.5
= $3240 100
∴ Mr Chiu’s new total expenditure x = 150
∴ The percentage change in the number of passengers
= $(4000 + 2200 + 3240)
in the third year is +150%.
= $9440
27. Let r be the radius of the circle.
(b) Percentage change in Mr Chiu’s total expenditure Original area of the circle = π r 2
9440 − 10 000 New radius = r × (1 − 25%)
= × 100%
10 000 = 0.75r
= −5.6% New area of the circle = π (0.75r ) 2
= 0.5625π r 2
24. Andrew’s commission income last month Percentage change in the area
= $180 000 × 1% 0.5625π r 2 − π r 2
= × 100%
= $1800 π r2
= $(9000 + 1800)
Andrew’s income last month −0.4375π r 2
= × 100%
= $10 800 π r2
Andrew’s basic salary this month
= $9000 × (1 + 3%) = −43.75%
= $9270
Andrew’s commission income this month 28. Let , w and h be the length, the width and the height of
= $180 000 × (1 + 30%) × 1% the cuboid respectively.
= $180 000 × 1.3 × 0.01 Original volume of the cuboid = wh
= $2340 New length = × (1 + 5%)
Andrew’s income this month
= $(9270 + 2340) = 1.05
= $11 610 New width = w × (1 + 20%)
Percentage increase in Andrew’s monthly income = 1.2 w
New height = h × (1 − 10%)
11 610 − 10 800
= × 100% = 0.9h
10 800
New volume of the cuboid = 1.05 × 1.2 w × 0.9h
= 7.5%
= 1.134wh

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 4 Percentages (II)

Percentage change in the volume Percentage change in the value of m

1.134wh − wh 0.625m − m
= × 100% = × 100%
wh m
0.134wh −0.375m
= × 100% = × 100%
wh m
= +13.4% = −37.5%

29. Let n be the total number of employees last month. 32. (a) Let w and  be the original width and the original
Then, the number of male employees last month = 0.7n
length of the rectangle respectively.
and the number of female employees last month = 0.3n.
Number of male employees this month w 2
=
= 0.7 n × (1 − 10%)  5
= 0.7 n × 0.9 5
= w
2
= 0.63n
New width = w × (1 + 25%) = 1.25w
Number of female employees this month
= 0.3n × (1 + 60%) Let x% be the percentage change in length.
New length = × (1 + x%)
= 0.3n × 1.6
5
= 0.48n = w × (1 + x%)
Total number of employees this month
= 0.63n + 0.48n 2
For the perimeter of the rectangle to remain
= 1.11n unchanged,
Percentage change in the total number of employees
5  5 
1.11n − n 2  w × (1 + x%) + 1.25= w 2  w + w 
= × 100%  2   2 
n
5
0.11n w × (1 + x%) + 1.25w = 3.5w
= × 100% 2
n
5
= +11% w × (1 + x%) = 2.25w
2
x
30. Let P be the original ticket price and n be the original 1+ = 0.9
number of tickets sold. 100
If the cinema manager increases the ticket price by 20%, x
= −0.1
the new revenue = P × (1 + 20%) × n × (1 − 10%) 100
= P × 1.2 × n × 0.9 x = −10
∴ The percentage change in the length should
= 1.08 Pn
If the cinema manager increases the ticket price by 25%, be –10%.
the new revenue = P × (1 + 25%) × n × (1 − 15%)
(b) For the area of the rectangle to remain unchanged,
= P × 1.25 × n × 0.85 5 5
= 1.0625 Pn w × (1 + x%) × 1.25w= w× w
2 2
∵ 1.08 Pn > 1.0625 Pn 1.25(1 + x%) = 1
∴ The cinema manager should increase the ticket price
x
by 20% to maximize the revenue. 1+ = 0.8
100
31. (a) E = mc 2 x
= −0.2
100
E
m= x = −20
c2
∴ The percentage change in the length should
(b) New value of E = E × (1 − 10%) be –20%.

= 0.9 E Exercise 4B (p. 4.21)

New value of c = c × (1 + 20%)
Level 1
= 1.2c 1. Value of the stamp after 3 years
0.9 E = $600 × (1 + 10%)3
New value of m =
(1.2c) 2 = $600 × 1.13
0.9 E = $798.6
=
1.44c 2
E
= 0.625 2. Fruit production 4 years later
c2
= 30 × (1 + 5%) 4 tons
= 0.625m
= 30 × 1.054 tons
= 36.5 tons (cor. to the nearest 0.1 ton)

9 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

 Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

3. (a) Growth factor= 1 + 75% 10. (a) Number of periods = 5

= 1.75 Value of the watch in 2019
= $2800 × (1 − 5%)5
= $2800 × 0.955
(b) Height of the plant half a year later
= $2167 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
= 8 × 1.756 cm
= 230 cm (cor. to the nearest cm)
(b) Depreciation in value
= $(2800 − 2800 × 0.955 )
4. (a) Monthly salary in 2019
= $15 000 × (1 + 6%)3 = $633 (cor. to the nearest dollar)

= $15 000 × 1.063

11. Let A m2 be the area of the forest 6 years ago.
= $17 865 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
A × (1 − 10%)6 =200 000
A × 0.96 = 200 000
(b) Increase in the salary from 2016 to 2019
200 000
= $(15 000 × 1.063 − 15 000) A=
0.96
= $2865 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
= 376 000
(cor. to the nearest 1000)
5. Let p be the population of the city 2 years ago.
∴ The area of the forest was 376 000 m2 6 years ago.
p × (1 + 2.5%) 2 =
600 000
p × 1.0252 = 600 000 12. (a) Value of the car 2 years later
600 000 = $500 000 × (1 − 15%) 2
p=
1.0252 = $500 000 × 0.852
= 571 000 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = $361 000 (cor. to the nearest $1000)
∴ The population of the city was 571 000 2 years ago.
(b) Let $V be the value of the car 3 years ago.
6. (a) Value of the vase 5 years later
V × (1 − 15%)3 = 500 000
= $420 000 × (1 + 12%)5
V × 0.853 = 500 000
= $420 000 × 1.125
500 000
= $740 000 (cor. to the nearest $1000) V=
0.853
= 814 000
(b) Let $V be the value of the vase 4 years ago.
(cor. to the nearest 1000)
V × (1 + 12%) 4 =420 000
∴ The value of the car was $814 000 3 years ago.
V × 1.124 = 420 000
420 000 Level 2
V=
1.124 1 min 60 s
13. Number of periods
= = = 6
= 267 000 (cor. to the nearest 1000) 10 s 10 s
∴ The value of the vase was $267 000 4 years ago. Volume of air inside the balloon after one minute
= 40 × (1 + 25%)6 cm3
7. Cost of the computer after 2 years = 40 × 1.256 cm3
= $15 000 × (1 − 30%) 2
= 152.6 cm3 (cor. to the nearest 0.1 cm3 )
2
= $15 000 × 0.7
= $7350 14. (a) Value of the equipment after 1 year
= $120 000 × (1 − 30%)
8. Number of that bird species 3 years later = $120 000 × 0.7
= 3750 × (1 − 18%)3 = $84 000
= 3750 × 0.823
= 2070 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) (b) Value of the equipment after 3 years
= $84 000 × (1 − 20%) 2
9. (a) Decay factor= 1 − 8% = $84 000 × 0.82
= 0.92 = $53 760

(b) Value of the photocopier one year later

= $8250 × 0.924
= $5910 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

10 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

 4 Percentages (II)

15. (a) Let x be the number of newborn babies in 2014. 8000 − 6240
=
19. (a) Depreciation rate × 100%
x × (1 + 8%) 2 =
58 320 8000
x × 1.082 = 58 320 1760
= × 100%
58 320 8000
x= = 22%
1.082
= 50 000
∴ The number of newborn babies in 2014 was (b) Let $V be the value of the machine in 2015.
50 000. V × (1 − 22%) 2 =8000
V × 0.782 =8000
(b) Number of newborn babies in 2019
8000
= 58 320 × (1 − 6%)3 V=
0.782
= 58 320 × 0.943 Value of the machine in 2019
= $6240 × (1 − 22%)
≈ 48 440
= $6240 × 0.78
< 50 000
= $4867.2
∴ Jason’s claim is disagreed. Depreciation in value from 2015 to 2019
 8000 
7000 − 5600 = $ 2
− 4867.2 
=
16. (a) Depreciation rate × 100%  0.78 
7000
= $8282 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
1400
= × 100%
7000
= 20% 20. (a) 360 × 106 × (1 + r %)=
2
476.1 × 106
(1 + r %) 2 =
1.3225
(b) Value of the air-conditioner 3 years later 1 + r% = 1.15
= $5600 × (1 − 20%)3 r % = 0.15
= $5600 × 0.83 r = 15
= $2867.2
< $3000 (b) Number of plastic bags disposed in 2021
∴ Cherry’s claim is agreed. = 476.1 × 106 × (1 + 15%) 4
= 476.1 × 106 × 1.154
2h
17. (a) Number of periods
= = 4 ≈ 833 × 106
1
h > 800 × 106
2
Number of bacteria 2 hours later ∴ The government will impose the tax in 2021.
= 400 × (1 + 50%) 4
21. (a) Decay factor= 1 − 2%
= 400 × 1.54
= 0.98
= 2025

(b) Overall percentage increase (b) Let V be the volume of water at the beginning of 2019.
2025 − 400 Volume of water at the end of 2019= V × 0.984
= × 100%
400 = 0.984V
= 406.25% Overall percentage decrease
V − 0.984V
= × 100%
18. (a) (i) His income in April V
= $10 000 × (1 + 10%)3 (1 − 0.984 )V
= × 100%
= $10 000 × 1.13 V
= $13 310 = 7.8% (cor. to 1 d.p.)
(ii) His income in July
= $13 310 × (1 − 10%)3 22. Let $P be the profit of the company now.
3
Profit of the company after 10 years
= $13 310 × 0.9 = $ P × (1 + 7.5%)10
= $9702.99
= $ P × 1.07510
= $9703 (cor. to the nearest integer)
≈ $2.0610 P
> $2 P
(b) Overall percentage change
∴ The finance manager’s claim is agreed.
9702.99 − 10 000
= × 100%
10 000
= −3% (cor. to the nearest integer)

11 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

Exercise 4C (p. 4.28) 11. Total simple interest Bobby will receive after one year
Level 1 = $(10 000 × 11% × 1 + 18 000 × 12% × 1)
1. Simple interest= $5000 × 10% × 3 = $(1100 + 2160)
= $1500 = $3260

2. = $8000 × (1 + 5% × 4)
Amount 9
12. Simple interest paid by Amy = $8000 × 3.5% ×
= $9600 12
= $210
3. Simple interest= $2000 × 8% × 4 9
Simple interest paid by Carol= $6600 × 4% ×
= $640 12
= $198
= $(2000 + 640)
Amount ∵ $210 > $198
= $2640 ∴ Amy will pay more interest.
Difference between Amy’s interest and Carol’s interest
4. Simple interest
= $15 000 × 3% × 0.5 = $(210 − 198)
= $225 = $12
∴ Amy will pay $12 more.
= $(15 000 + 225)
Amount
= $15 225 Level 2
13. (a) Let $P be the principal that Paul should deposit.
12 900 = P × (1 + 5% × 1.5)
5. Let $P be the principal that Vivian deposits.
57 600 =P × 9% × 2 12 900 = 1.075 P
57 600 = 0.18 P P = 12 000
P = 320 000 ∴ Paul should deposit $12 000.
∴ The principal that Vivian deposits is $320 000.
(b) Let $P be the principal that Paul should deposit.
 200 
6. Let $P be the principal that Jacky deposited. 12 900 = P × 1 + 5% × 
29 040 = P × (1 + 3.5% × 6)  365 
29 040 = 1.21P 75
12 900 = P
P = 24 000 73
∴ The principal that Jacky deposited was $24 000. P = 12 556
∴ Paul should deposit $12 556.
7. Let t years be the required deposit period.
3600
= 20 000 × 6% × t 14. (a) Simple interest received by Alice
3600 = 1200t = $20 000 × 4% × 3
t =3 = $2400
∴ The required deposit period is 3 years.
(b) Simple interest paid by Ken
8. Let t years be the required deposit period. = $20 000 × 12.5% × 3
3430
= 2800 × (1 + 4.5% × t ) = $7500
1.225 = 1 + 4.5% × t
0.225 = 0.045t (c) Profit made by the bank from these two transactions
t =5 = $(7500 − 2400)
∴ The required deposit period is 5 years. = $5100

9. Let r% be the annual interest rate.

4200= 7000 × r % × 4 15. Let $P be the principal that Andrew deposits. G

P × (4.5% − 4%) × 1 = 80
r % = 0.15
P × 0.5% = 80
r = 15
0.005 P = 80
∴ The annual interest rate is 15%.
P = 16 000
10. Let r% be the annual interest rate. ∴ The principal that Andrew deposits is $16 000.
 20 
56 000
= 48 000 × 1 + r % ×  16. Let r% be the original annual interest rate.
 12 
55 000 × (2r % − r %) × 5 =6875
7 20
1 r% ×
=+ 275 000 × r % =
6875
6 12
r % = 0.025
r % = 0.1
r = 2.5
r = 10
∴ The original annual interest rate is 2.5%.
∴ The annual interest rate is 10%.

12 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

 4 Percentages (II)

17. Suppose Mr Lee invests $P for t years. 20. Let $P be the principal that Miss Chan deposits in
P × (1 + 8% × t ) = 2P account A. Then, the principal she deposits in account B is
1 + 8% × t =2 $(5000 − P).
Simple interest received from account A
8% × t = 1
=$ P × 10% × 3
0.08t = 1
= $0.3P
t = 12.5 Simple interest received from account B
∴ It will take 12.5 years for Mr Lee to receive an amount = $(5000 − P ) × 12% × 2.5
which is double the principal.
= $(5000 − P ) × 0.3
18. (a) Let r% be the annual interest rate. = $(1500 − 0.3P )
59 375
= 50 000 × (1 + r % × 2.5) ∵ The simple interest received from these two accounts
1.1875 =+ 1 r % × 2.5 are the same.
r % = 0.075 ∴ 0.3 = P 1500 − 0.3P
r = 7.5 0.6 P = 1500
∴ The annual interest rate is 7.5%. P = 2500
∴ 5000 − P= 5000 − 2500
(b) Let n be the number of extra months needed. = 2500
  n  ∴ Miss Chan deposits $2500 in account A and $2500
59 375
= 50 000 × 1 + 5% ×  2.5 +  
  12   in account B.
 n
1.1875 =+ 1 5% ×  2.5 +  Exercise 4D (p. 4.36)
 12 
Level 1
 n 1. (a) Amount
= $12 000 × (1 + 4%) 2
=0.1875 0.05  2.5 + 
 12  = $12 979.2
n
3.75
= 2.5 +
12
n (b) Amount
= $100 000 × (1 + 1%)3
1.25 = = $103 030.1
12
n = 15
∴ It will take 15 extra months for Kathy to receive (c) Amount
= $9000 × (1 + 3.5%) 4
the same amount of money. = $10 328 (cor. to the nearest integer)
19. (a) Suppose John borrowed the money for t years.
6160= 4000 × (1 + 12% × t )  4% 
1× 2

2. = $40 000 × 1 +
(a) Amount 
1.54 = 1 + 12% × t  2 
0.54 = 0.12t = $41 616
t = 4.5
∴ John borrowed the money for 4.5 years. 2× 2
 6% 
= $27 500 × 1 +
(b) Amount 
(b) (i) Amount that John returned to the bank  2 
= $4000 × (1 + 12% × 4.5 × 2) = $30 951 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $8320
Percentage change 1.5× 2
8320 − 6160  10% 
= × 100% = $8000 × 1 +
(c) Amount 
6160  2 
= +35.1% (cor. to 1 d.p.) = $9261
(ii) Amount that John returned to the bank
 12%  3. Compound interest
= $50 000 × [(1 + 2%) 4 − 1]
= $4000 × 1 + × 4.5 
 2  = $4122 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $5080
Percentage change 4. Amount
= $30 000 × (1 + 6%)3
5080 − 6160
= × 100% = $35 730 (cor. to the nearest integer)
6160
= −17.5% (cor. to 1 d.p.) Compound interest
= $[30 000 × (1 + 6%)3 − 30 000]
= $5730 (cor. to the nearest integer)

13 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

5. (a) Number of half-year periods in 2 years= 2 × 2 (b) Number of months in 2 years= 2 × 12

=4 = 24
8% 6%
Interest rate per half year = Interest rate per month =
2 12
= 4% = 0.5%
∴ Amount = $13 000 × (1 + 4%) 4 = $70 000 × (1 + 0.5%) 24
Amount
= $15 208 (cor. to the nearest integer) ∴ Compound interest
∴ Compound interest = $[70 000 × (1 + 0.5%) 24 − 70 000]
= $[13 000 × (1 + 4%) 4 − 13 000] = $8901 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $2208 (cor. to the nearest integer)
Alternative Solution
Compound interest
(b) Number of quarters in 2 years= 2 × 4
 6%  2×12 
=8 = $70 000 × 1 +  − 1
8%  12  
Interest rate per quarter =
4 = $70 000 × [(1 + 0.5%) 24 − 1]
= 2% = $8901 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ Amount = $13 000 × (1 + 2%)8
= $15 232 (cor. to the nearest integer) 8. Number of months in 2 years= 2 × 12
∴ Compound interest = 24
= $[13 000 × (1 + 2%)8 − 13 000] 12%
Interest rate per month =
= $2232 (cor. to the nearest integer) 12
= 1%
6. Number of quarters in 2.5 years= 2.5 × 4 = $100 000 × (1 + 1%) 24
Amount
∴ Compound interest
= 10
4% = $[100 000 × (1 + 1%) 24 − 100 000]
Interest rate per quarter =
4 ≈ $26 973
= 1% > $25 000
= $38 000 × (1 + 1%)10
Amount ∴ Iris’s claim is disagreed.
∴ Compound interest
= $[38 000 × (1 + 1%)10 − 38 000] 9. Let $P be the principal.
34 606 = P × (1 + 10%)3
= $3976 (cor. to the nearest integer)
34 606= P × 1.13
Alternative Solution 34 606
P=
Compound interest 1.13
 4%  2.5× 4  = 26 000
= $38 000 × 1 +  − 1 ∴ The principal is $26 000.
 4  
= $38 000 × [(1 + 1%)10 − 1] 10. Let $P be the sum which Mark borrowed.
= $3976 (cor. to the nearest integer) Number of half-year periods in 5 years= 5 × 2
= 10
6% 3%
7. (a) Interest rate per month = Interest rate per half year
= = 1.5%
12 2
= 0.5% ∴ 6963 = P × (1 + 1.5%)10
= $70 000 × (1 + 0.5%)8
Amount 6963= P × 1.01510
∴ Compound interest 6963
P=
= $[70 000 × (1 + 0.5%)8 − 70 000] 1.01510
= $2849 (cor. to the nearest integer) = 6000 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ Mark borrows $6000.
Alternative Solution
Compound interest 11. Let $P be the principal which Wendy invests.
 6% 8  8320 = P × [(1 + 8%) 2 − 1]
= $70 000 × 1 +  − 1 8320 = P × (1.082 − 1)
 12  
8320
8
= $70 000 × [(1 + 0.5%) − 1] P=
1.082 − 1
= $2849 (cor. to the nearest integer) = 50 000
∴ Wendy invests $50 000 in the bank.

14 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

 4 Percentages (II)

12. Let $P be the principal which Jenny deposits. 14. (a) (i) For Bank A,
Number of months in one year = 1 × 12 simple interest that Mrs Chan gets
= 12 = $50 000 × 6% × 2
12% = $6000
Interest rate per month =
12
= 1%
(ii) For Bank B,
∴ 317 =P × [(1 + 1%)12 − 1] number of half-year periods in 2 years
P × (1.0112 − 1)
317 = = 2× 2
317 =4
P= 5.8%
1.0112 − 1 interest rate per half year =
= 2500 (cor. to the nearest integer) 2
∴ Jenny deposits $2500. = 2.9%
compound interest that Mrs Chan gets
Level 2 = $[50 000 × (1 + 2.9%) 4 − 50 000]
13. (a) (i) Compound interest = $6057 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $60 000 × [(1 + 12%)1 − 1]
= $7200 (b) ∵ Bank B pays more interest compared with
Bank A.
(ii) Number of half-year periods in 1 year = 1 × 2 ∴ Mrs Chan should choose Bank B to earn more
=2 interest.
12%
Interest rate per half year = 15. For Bank X,
2 number of months in one year = 1 × 12
= 6%
= 12
= $60 000 × (1 + 6%) 2
Amount 9%
∴ Compound interest interest rate per month =
12
= $[60 000 × (1 + 6%) 2 − 60 000] = 0.75%
= $7416 = $[200 000 × (1 + 0.75%)12 − 200 000]
compound interest
= $18 761 (cor. to the nearest integer)
Alternative Solution For Bank Y,
Compound interest number of quarters in one year = 1 × 4
 12% 1× 2  =4
= $60 000 × 1 +  − 1
2  9.1%
  interest rate per quarter =
4
= $60 000 × [(1 + 6%) 2 − 1]
= 2.275%
= $7416 = $[200 000 × (1 + 2.275%) 4 − 200 000]
compound interest
= $18 831 (cor. to the nearest integer)
(iii) Number of months in 1 year = 1 × 12 ∵ Bank Y pays more interest compared with Bank X.
= 12 ∴ Fanny should deposit the money in Bank Y to earn
12% more interest.
Interest rate per month =
12
= 1% 8%
16. Interest rate per half year =
= $60 000 × (1 + 1%)12
Amount 2
∴ Compound interest = 4%
Number of half-year periods in one year = 1 × 2
= $[60 000 × (1 + 1%)12 − 60 000]
=2
= $7610 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $4000 × (1 + 4%) 2
Amount after the first year
Number of half-year periods in 2 years= 2 × 2
Alternative Solution
Compound interest =4
 12% 1×12  Amount after the second year= $4000 × (1 + 4%) 4
= $60 000 × 1 +  − 1 ∴ Interest earned in the second year
 12  
= $[4000 × (1 + 4%) 4 − 4000 × (1 + 4%) 2 ]
= $60 000 × [(1 + 1%)12 − 1]
= $353 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $7610 (cor. to the nearest integer)

(b) ∵ $7200 < $7416 < $7610

∴ Rachel can obtain the greatest interest if the
interest is compounded monthly.

15 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

17. 11 025
= 10 000 × (1 + r %) 2 20. Let $P be the principal which Michelle deposited.
2 Number of quarters in one year = 1 × 4
1.1025= (1 + r %)
=4
1.05= 1 + r %
Number of quarters in 2 years= 2 × 4
r % = 0.05
=8
r =5 10%
Interest rate per quarter =
4
18. (a) Let r% be the annual interest rate. = 2.5%
1× 2
 r%  ∴ 1375 = P × (1 + 2.5%)8 − P × (1 + 2.5%) 4
10 609
= 10 000 × 1 + 
 2  1375 = P × 1.0258 − P × 1.0254
2
 r%  1375
1.0609= 1 +  P=
 2  1.0258 − 1.0254
r% = 11 999 (cor. to the nearest integer)
1.03= 1 +
2 ∴ Michelle deposited $11 999 in the bank.
r%
0.03 = 21. (a) (i) Simple interest = $ P × 8% × 2
2
r % = 0.06 = $0.16 P
r =6 2
(ii) Compound interest = $ P × [(1 + 8%) − 1]
∴ The annual interest rate is 6%.
= $ P × (1.082 − 1)
(b) Total interest that Tom will get = $0.1664 P
  6% 
2

= $ 10 609 × 1 +  − 10 000 
 2  (b) 0.1664 P − 0.16 P = 240
 
= $1255 (cor. to the nearest integer) 0.0064 P = 240
P = 37 500
19. (a) Let $P be the principal which Henry borrowed.
Number of quarters in 2 years= 2 × 4 22. Let $P be the principal that Jennifer invests.
=8 Original interest received = $ P × [(1 + 10%)3 − 1]
18% =$ P × (1.13 − 1)
Interest rate per quarter =
4 = $0.331P
= 4.5% 3
New interest received = $ P × [(1 + 10% × 2) − 1]
∴ 1899.5 = P × [(1 + 4.5%)8 − 1]
=$ P × (1.23 − 1)
8
1899.5 = P × (1.045 − 1) = $0.728 P
1899.5 ≠ $0.331P × 2
P=
1.0458 − 1 ∴ Jennifer’s claim is disagreed.
= 4500 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ Henry borrowed $4500 from the bank. 23. Let $P be the principal which Mr Fan borrows.
For Bank A,
number of half-year periods in 10 years
= 10 × 2
(b) Number of months in 2 years= 2 × 12
= 20
= 24
6%
18% interest rate per half year =
Interest rate per month = 2
12
= 3%
= 1.5%
1899.5 compound interest paid = $ P × [(1 + 3%) 20 − 1]
= $
Amount × (1 + 1.5%) 24 ≈ $0.8061P
1.0458 − 1
For Bank B,
 1899.5 1899.5 
=Interest $  × (1 + 1.5%) 24 − compound interest paid = $ P × [(1 + 6.1%)10 − 1]
8
1.045 − 1 1.0458 − 1 
≈ $0.8078 P
≈ $1932.81
∴ Additional interest Henry had to pay after ∵ Bank A charges less interest compared with Bank B.
2 years ∴ Mr Fan should borrow the money from Bank A to
≈ $(1932.81 − 1899.5) pay less interest.
= $33 (cor. to the nearest integer)

16 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

 4 Percentages (II)

Exercise 4E (p. 4.40) 6. Mr Wong’s annual income

= $18 000 × 12
1. Net chargeable income = $75 000 = $216 000
= $(50 000 + 25 000) < $228 000
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax ∴ Mr Wong’s claim is agreed.
On the first $50 000 2% $1000
On the next $25 000 6% $1500 7. (a) Net chargeable income
= $(1000 + 1500)
∴ Mr Chan’s salaries tax payable = $120 000
= $2500 = $(50 000 + 50 000 + 20 000)
Salaries
Net chargeable income Tax rate
2. Net chargeable income tax
= $180 000 On the first $50 000 2% $1000
= $(50 000 + 50 000 + 50 000 + 30 000) On the next $50 000 6% $3000
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax On the next $20 000 10% $2000
∴ Mrs Ho’s salaries tax payable
On the first $50 000 2% $1000
= $(1000 + 3000 + 2000)
On the next $50 000 6% $3000
= $6000
On the next $50 000 10% $5000
On the next $30 000 14% $4200
∴ Mrs Lee’s salaries tax payable (b) Mrs Tan’s net chargeable income
= $(1000 + 3000 + 5000 + 4200) = $120 000 × 2
= $13 200 = $240 000
= $(50 000 + 50 000 + 50 000 + 50 000 + 40 000)
3. Net chargeable income Salaries
Net chargeable income Tax rate
= $(300 000 − 160 000) tax
= $140 000 On the first $50 000 2% $1000
= $(50 000 + 50 000 + 40 000) On the next $50 000 6% $3000
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax On the next $50 000 10% $5000
On the first $50 000 2% $1000 On the next $50 000 14% $7000
On the next $50 000 6% $3000 Remainder $40 000 17% $6800
∴ Mrs Tan’s salaries tax payable
On the next $40 000 10% $4000
∴ Jessie’s salaries tax payable = $(1000 + 3000 + 5000 + 7000 + 6800)
= $(1000 + 3000 + 4000) = $22 800
= $8000 ≠ $6000 × 2
∴ Mrs Tan’s claim is disagreed.

4. Net chargeable income Check Yourself (p. 4.44)

= $(560 000 − 235 000) 1. (a) 
= $325 000 Let N be the original number.
= $(50 000 + 50 000 + 50 000 + 50 000 + 125 000) New number = N × (1 + 15%) × (1 − 15%)
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax =N × 1.15 × 0.85
On the first $50 000 2% $1000 = 0.9775 N
On the next $50 000 6% $3000 ∴ The new number will not be the same as the
On the next $50 000 10% $5000 original number.
On the next $50 000 14% $7000
Remainder $125 000 17% $21 250 (b) 
∴ Eliza’s salaries tax payable Let X = 80 and Y = 120. Then, Z = 200.
= $(1000 + 3000 + 5000 + 7000 + 21 250) New value of Z = X × (1 − 10%) + Y × (1 + 30%)
= $37 250 = 80(0.9) + 120(1.3)
= 72 + 156
5. Net chargeable income
= $(16 500 × 12 − 150 000) = 228
= $48 000 ≠ 200(1 + 20%)
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax ∴ Z may not be increased by 20%.
On the first $48 000 2% $960
∴ Harry’s salaries tax payable = $960

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 Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

(c)  240 000 − 211 200

5. (a) =
Depreciation rate × 100%
Let V be the present value of the watch. 240 000
Value of the watch after two years 28 800
= × 100%
= V × (1 − 20%) 2 240 000
= V × 0.82 = 12%
= 0.64V
(b) Value of the car 5 years after purchase
≠ 0.6V
∴ If the value of the watch depreciates by 20% per = $240 000 × (1 − 12%)5
year, its value after two years will not be 60% of = $240 000 × 0.885
its present value. = $126 656 (cor. to the nearest integer)

(d)  6. (a) Simple interest= $5000 × 6% × 5

Let P and r% be the principal and the annual interest
= $1500
rate respectively.
Simple interest =P × r % × 1
= P × r% (b) (i) = $5000 × (1 + 6%)5
Amount
Compound interest = P × [(1 + r %)1 − 1] ∴ Compound interest
= P × (1 + r % − 1) = $[5000 × (1 + 6%)5 − 5000]
= P × r% = $1691 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ The simple interest and the compound interest are (ii) Number of months in 5 years= 5 × 12
the same after one year. = 60
6%
2. (a) New value= 800 × (1 − 20%) × (1 + 30%) Interest rate per month =
12
= 800 × 0.8 × 1.3 = 0.5%
= 832 Amount= $5000 × (1 + 0.5%)60
∴ Compound interest
(b) x × (1 + 15%) × (1 − 15%) = 1173 = $[5000 × (1 + 0.5%)60 − 5000]
x × 1.15 × 0.85 = 1173 = $1744 (cor. to the nearest integer)
0.9775 x = 1173
x = 1200 7. (a) Let $P be the principal which Kathy borrowed.
Number of quarters in 3 years= 3 × 4
3. (a) New length = × (1 + 15%) cm = 12
= 1.15 cm 16%
Interest rate per quarter =
New width = w × (1 − 25%) cm 4
= 0.75w cm = 4%
∴ 96 062 = P × (1 + 4%)12
(b) Percentage change in area 96 062= P × 1.0412
(1.15)(0.75w) − w 96 062
= × 100% P=
w 1.0412
0.8625w − w = 60 000 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= × 100%
w ∴ The principal which Kathy borrowed was $60 000.
= −13.75%
(b) Interest which Kathy paid
4. (a) Let $V be the value of the flat in 2010.  96 062 
= $  96 062 − 
V × (1 + 10%) 4 =3 000 000  1.0412 
V × 1.14 =
3 000 000 = $36 062 (cor. to the nearest integer)
3 000 000
V=
1.14 8. Net chargeable income
= 2 049 040 = $(420 000 − 260 000)
(cor. to the nearest integer) = $160 000
∴ The value of the flat in 2010 was $2 049 040. = $(50 000 + 50 000 + 50 000 + 10 000)
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
(b) Value of the flat =
in 2019 $3 000 000 × (1 + 10%)5 On the first $50 000 2% $1000
= $3 000 000 × 1.15 On the next $50 000 6% $3000
= $4 831 530 On the next $50 000 10% $5000
On the next $10 000 14% $1400

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 4 Percentages (II)

∴ Candy’s salaries tax payable (b) Let n be the number of bacteria 8 minutes ago.
= $(1000 + 3000 + 5000 + 1400) n × (1 + 4%)8 =7527
= $10 400 n × 1.048 = 7527
7527
n=
Revision Exercise 4 (p. 4.46) 1.048
Level 1 = 5500 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
1. (a) New value = 80 × (1 + 10%) × (1 + 25%) cm ∴ The number of bacteria was 5500 8 minutes ago.
= 80 × 1.1 × 1.25 cm
= 110 cm 6. Value of the bus 3 years
= later $4 400 000 × (1 − 15%)3
= $4 400 000 × 0.853
(b) New value= $60 × (1 + 10%) × (1 − 10%) = $2 702 150
= $60 × 1.1 × 0.9
= $59.4 7. (a) Oyster production 4 years later
= 30 000 × (1 − 5%) 4 tons
(c) New value = 50 × (1 − 8%) × (1 − 5%) kg = 30 000 × 0.954 tons
=50 × 0.92 × 0.95 kg = 24 400 tons (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 43.7 kg
(b) Let P tons be the oyster production 3 years ago.
(d) New value
= 8000 × (1 − 10%) × (1 + 8%) mL P × (1 − 5%)3 = 30 000
= 8000 × 0.9 × 1.08 mL P × 0.953 = 30 000
= 7776 mL 30 000
P=
0.953
2. (a) Value of the rare stamp in April = 35 000 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= $40 000 × (1 + 8%) × (1 − 5%) ∴ The oyster production was 35 000 tons 3 years
= $40 000 × 1.08 × 0.95 ago.
= $41 040
8. (a) Total number of cups of coffee and tea sold today
= 900 × (1 + 12%) + 600 × (1 + 10%)
(b) Overall percentage change
= 900 × 1.12 + 600 × 1.1
41 040 − 40 000
= × 100% = 1668
40 000
= +2.6%
(b) Total number of cups of coffee and tea sold yesterday
= 900 + 600
3. (a) Let $p be the original price of the book.
p × (1 − 12%) × (1 + 15%) = 253 = 1500
1668 − 1500
p × 0.88 × 1.15 = 253 Percentage
= increase × 100%
1500
p = 250
= 11.2%
∴ The original price of the book is $250.

(b) Overall percentage change 9. Total number of students last year

= 100 + 80
253 − 250 = 180
= × 100%
250 Total number of students this year
= +1.2% = 100 × (1 − 25%) + 80 × (1 + 15%)
= 100 × 0.75 + 80 × 1.15
4. Value of the diamond 5 years later = 167
= $54 000 × (1 + 20%)5 167 − 180
Percentage= change × 100%
180
= $54 000 × 1.25
= −7.2% (cor. to 1 d.p.)
= $134 000 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

10. (a) New radius =5 × (1 − 10%) cm

5. (a) Number of bacteria 10 minutes later
= 5 × 0.9 cm
= 7527 × (1 + 4%)10
= 4.5 cm
= 7527 × 1.0410
Original circumference of the circle
= 2π × 5 cm
= 11 100 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 10π cm
New circumference of the circle
= 2π × 4.5 cm
= 9π cm

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 Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

Percentage change in the circumference 16. (a) Simple interest

= $35 000 × 7% × 2
9π − 10π = $4900
= × 100%
10π
= −10%
(b) Compound interest
= $35 000 × [(1 + 7%) 2 − 1]
= $5071.5
(b) Original area of the circle= π × 52 cm 2
= 25π cm 2
Number of half-year periods in 2 years= 2 × 2
New area of the circle= π × 4.52 cm 2
=4
= 20.25π cm 2 7%
Percentage change in the area Interest rate per half year =
2
20.25π − 25π = 3.5%
= × 100%
25π = $35 000 × (1 + 3.5%) 4
Amount
= −19%
∴ Compound interest
= $[35 000 × (1 + 3.5%) 4 − 35 000]
11. Amount
= $4000 × (1 + 5.5% × 4)
= $5163 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $4880

Alterative Solution
12. Let $P be Chris’ principal. Compound interest
5750 = P × (1 + 5% × 3)  7%  2× 2 
5750 = 1.15 P = $35 000 × 1 +  − 1
 2  
P = 5000
∴ Chris’ principal is $5000. = $35 000 × [(1 + 3.5%) 4 − 1]
= $5163 (cor. to the nearest integer)
 3
13. 20 600
= 20 000 × 1 + r % × 
 12  2.4%
17. (a) Interest rate per month =
1.03 =+1 r % × 0.25 12
r % = 0.12 = 0.2%
r = 12 = $290 000 × (1 + 0.2%)9
Amount
∴ Compound interest
14. (a) Suppose David deposits the money for t months. = $[290 000 × (1 + 0.2%)9 − 290 000]
t = $5262 (cor. to the nearest integer)
6800
= 68 000 × 8% ×
12
t Alterative Solution
1.25 =
12 Compound interest
t = 15  2.4% 9 
∴ It will take 15 months for David to receive an = $290 000 × 1 +  − 1
 12  
interest of $6800.
= $290 000 × [(1 + 0.2%)9 − 1]
(b) Suppose David deposits the money for k months.
= $5262 (cor. to the nearest integer)
 k 
84 320
= 68 000 × 1 + 8% × 
 12 
1
k (b) Number of quarters in one and a half years
= 1 ×4
1.24 = 1 + 0.08 × 2
12
=6
k
0.24
= 0.08 × 2.4%
12 Interest rate per quarter =
4
k
3= = 0.6%
12
= $290 000 × (1 + 0.6%)6
Amount
k = 36
∴ Compound interest
∴ It will take 36 months for David to get an
amount of $84 320. = $[290 000 × (1 + 0.6%)6 − 290 000]
= $10 598 (cor. to the nearest integer)
15. (a) Amount
= $128 000 × (1 + 2%)5
= $141 322 (cor. to the nearest integer)

(b) Interest obtained

= $[128 000 × (1 + 2%)5 − 128 000]
= $13 322 (cor. to the nearest integer)

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 4 Percentages (II)

Alternative Solution Level 2

Compound interest 22. Let $C be the amount that Tommy paid for the camera.
 1
1 ×4  C × (1 − 5.5%)3 =3376
  2.4%  2
= $290 000 × 1 +  − 1 C × 0.9453 = 3376
 4  
  3376
6 C=
= $290 000 × [(1 + 0.6%) − 1] 0.9453
= $10 598 (cor. to the nearest integer) = 4000 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ Tommy paid $4000 for the camera.
18. Let $I be the amount of Denise’s investment.
3582 = I × (1 + 3%)6 23. (a) Let $P be the profit earned in 2014.
6 P × (1 + 0.5%)3 = 430 000
3582= I × 1.03
P × 1.0053 = 430 000
3582
I= 430 000
1.036 P=
= 3000 (cor. to the nearest integer) 1.0053
∴ The amount of Denise’s investment is $3000. = 424 000
(cor. to the nearest thousand)
19. Let $P be the principal which Mr Wong borrowed. ∴ The profit earned in 2014 was $424 000.
Number of quarters in one year = 1 × 4
=4 (b) Profit earned in 2019
22% = $430 000 × (1 − 1%) 2
Interest rate per quarter =
4 = $430 000 × 0.992
= 5.5% = $421 443
∴ 12 000 = P × [(1 + 5.5%) 4 − 1]
< $424 000
12 000 P (1.0554 − 1)
= ∴ The company’s claim is agreed.
12 000
P=
1.0554 − 1 24. (a) 400 × (1 + r %) 2 =
1764
= 50 246 (cor. to the nearest integer) (1 + r %) 2 =4.41
∴ Mr Wong borrowed $50 246 from the bank.
1 + r% = 2.1
20. Net chargeable income r % = 1.1
= $135 000 r = 110
= $(50 000 + 50 000 + 35 000)
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax (b) Number of micro-organism four weeks later
On the first $50 000 2% $1000 = 1764 × (1 + 110%) 4
On the next $50 000 6% $3000 = 1764 × 2.14
On the next $35 000 10% $3500 = 34 306 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ Mrs Lee’s salaries tax payable
= $(1000 + 3000 + 3500) 25. (a) Number of handbags sold in March = n
= $7500 Number of handbags sold in April = n × (1 + 5%)
= 1.05n
21. Net chargeable income Number of handbags sold in May n × (1 + 5%)
= 2

= $(460 000 − 205 000) = 1.1025n

= $255 000 ∴ n + 1.05n + 1.1025n = 1261
= $(50 000 + 50 000 + 50 000 + 50 000 + 55 000) 3.1525n = 1261
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax n = 400
On the first $50 000 2% $1000
On the next $50 000 6% $3000 (b) Monthly income in March
= $500 × 400
On the next $50 000 10% $5000 = $200 000
On the next $50 000 14% $7000
Monthly income in May =$500 × (1.1025 × 400)
Remainder $55 000 17% $9350
= $220 500
∴ Annie’s salaries tax payable
= $(1000 + 3000 + 5000 + 7000 + 9350) Overall percentage increase
= $25 350 220 500 − 200 000
= × 100%
200 000
= 10.25%
≠ 10%
∴ Ada’s claim is disagreed.

21 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

= $(14 000 + 4000 + 800 + 1200)

26. Total expenditure in June 29. Let N be the number.
= $20 000 N × (1 − x%) × (1 + 25%) × (1 − 25%) − N
× 100% = −43.75%
Expenditure on housing in =July $14 000 × (1 + 5%) N
(1 − x%) × 1.25 × 0.75 − 1
= $14 700 = −0.4375
1
Expenditure on food in July
= $4000 × (1 + 10%)
0.9375(1 − x%) − 1 =−0.4375
= $4400
0.9375(1 − x%) = 0.5625
Expenditure on transportation in July
= $800 × (1 − 20%)
1 − x% = 0.6
= $640
x% = 0.4
∴ Expenditure on clothing in July
= $(20 000 − 14 700 − 4400 − 640) x = 40
= $260
30. Let b, h and x% be the original length of base, the original
height and the percentage change in the height of the
27. (a) Amount of red packet money received by Daniel triangle respectively.
last year bh
= $ P × (1 + 25%) Original area of the triangle =
2
= $1.25 P New length of base = b × (1 + 60%)
= 1.6b
(b) (i)
Amount of red packet money that Rachel New height = h × (1 + x%)
receives this year 1.6b × h × (1 + x%) bh
= $ P × (1 + 10%) ∴ =
2 2
= $1.1P 1.6bh × (1 + x%) = bh
Amount of red packet money that Daniel
1 + x% =
0.625
receives this year
= $1.25 P × (1 + 10%) x% = −0.375
= $1.1P × 1.25 x = −37.5
∴ Daniel’s claim is agreed. ∴ The percentage change in the height of the triangle
is –37.5%.
(ii) Total amount of their red packet money last
year 31. Let C be the original production cost of the beauty product.
= $( P + 1.25 P ) Original material cost= C × 15%
= $2.25 P = 0.15C
Total amount of their red packet money this Original labour cost= C × 35%
year = 0.35C
= $(1.1P + 1.1P × 1.25) Original advertising cost = C × (1 − 15% − 35%)
= $2.475 P = 0.5C
Percentage change New material cost
= 0.15C × (1 + 10%)
2.475 P − 2.25 P = 0.165C
= × 100%
2.25 P New labour cost
= 0.35C × (1 + 20%)
0.225 P = 0.42C
= × 100%
2.25 P New advertising cost= 0.5C × (1 − 30%)
= +10% = 0.35C
New production cost
28. Let n and $P be the number of audience and the price of = 0.165C + 0.42C + 0.35C
each ticket last year respectively. = 0.935C
Total amount of money raised last year = $Pn ≠C
Number of audience this year = n × (1 + 20%) ∴ The production manager’s claim is disagreed.
= 1.2n
Price of each ticket this year = $ P × (1 − 10%)
= $0.9 P
Total amount of money raised this= year $0.9 P × 1.2n
= $1.08 Pn
1.08 Pn − Pn
=
Percentage change × 100%
Pn
0.08 Pn
= × 100%
Pn
= +8%

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 4 Percentages (II)

32. Number of half-year periods in one year = 1 × 2 (b) For Bank A,

=2 number of quarters in two years= 2 × 4
r% =8
Interest rate per half year = For Bank B,
2
2 number of months in two years= 2 × 12
 r% 
∴ 52 276.4
= 44 000 × 1 +  = 24
 2  Total interest that Linda has to pay in the second year
2
 r%  = ${6500 × [(1 + 1%)8 − 1] + 4000 × [(1 + 0.5%) 24 − 1]}
1.1881
= 1 + 
 2  − ${6500 × [(1 + 1%) 4 − 1] + 4000 × [(1 + 0.5%)12 − 1]}
r% = $537 (cor. to the nearest integer)
1.09 = 1 +
2
r% 36. (a) (i)Number of half-year periods in 3 years= 3 × 2
0.09 =
2
=6
r % = 0.18
5%
r = 18 Interest rate per half year =
2
= 2.5%
33. (a) Let r% be the annual interest rate. Amount received
79 550
= 74 000 × (1 + r % × 0.5) = $50 000 × (1 + 2.5%)6
1.075 =+
1 r % × 0.5 = $57 985 (cor. to the nearest integer)
r % = 0.15
r = 15 (ii) Number of months in 2 years= 2 × 12
∴ The annual interest rate is 15%. = 24
3%
(b) Number of months in half year= 0.5 × 12 Interest rate per month =
12
=6 = 0.25%
15% Amount received
Interest rate per month =
12 = $50 000 × (1 + 5% × 1) × (1 + 0.25%) 24
= 1.25%
= $55 742 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $74 000 × (1 + 1.25%)6
Amount
∴ Additional interest Mr Fung can receive
(b) ∵ $57 985 > $55 742
= $[74 000 × (1 + 1.25%)6 − 79 550] ∴ Mrs Wong should choose plan A to earn more
= $176 (cor. to the nearest integer) interest.

34. Let $P be the principal that Michael deposits in the bank. 37. (a) Let r% be the annual interest rate.
P × (7% − 5%) × 3 = 1500 1.1P = P × (1 + r % × 2)
0.06 P = 1500 1.1 =+1 r% × 2
P = 25 000 r % = 0.05
∴ Michael deposits $25 000 in the bank. r =5
∴ The annual interest rate is 5%.
35. (a) For Bank A,
number of quarters in one year = 1 × 4 (b) Let s% be the annual interest rate.
=4 1.1P = P × (1 + s %) 2
4% 1.1= (1 + s %) 2
interest rate per quarter =
4 1.048 81 ≈ 1 + s %
= 1%
s % ≈ 0.048 81
For Bank B,
number of months in one year = 1 × 12 s = 4.88 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
= 12 ∴ The annual interest rate is 4.88%.
6%
interest rate per month = 38. Net chargeable income last year
12
= $(420 000 − 150 000)
= 0.5%
Total interest that Linda has to repay in the first year = $270 000
4
= ${6500 × [(1 + 1%) − 1] + = $(50 000 + 50 000 + 50 000 + 50 000 + 70 000)
12
4000 × [(1 + 0.5%) − 1]} Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
= $511 (cor. to the nearest integer) On the first $50 000 2% $1000
On the next $50 000 6% $3000
On the next $50 000 10% $5000
On the next $50 000 14% $7000
Remainder $70 000 17% $11 900

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 Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

Miss Ma’s salaries tax payable last year By substituting x = 52 into (2), we have
= $(1000 + 3000 + 5000 + 7000 + 11 900) 52 + 2 y = 96
= $27 900 2 y = 44
Annual income this= year $420 000 × (1 + 6%) y = 22
= $420 000 × 1.06 ∴ The percentages of alcohol in solutions A and B are
= $445 200 52% and 22% respectively.
Net chargeable income this year
2
= $(445 200 − 150 000) 3. (a) (i) Length of T3 = x × (1 − 10%) cm
2
= $295 200 = x × 0.9 cm
= $(50 000 + 50 000 + 50 000 + 50 000 + 95 200) = 0.81x cm
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax 2
Width of T3 = y × (1 − 10%) cm
On the first $50 000 2% $1000
= y × 0.92 cm
On the next $50 000 6% $3000
= 0.81 y cm
On the next $50 000 10% $5000
On the next $50 000 14% $7000
2
Remainder $95 200 17% $16 184 (ii) Area of T1 = xy cm
Miss Ma’s salaries tax payable this year Area of T3 = 0.81x × 0.81 y cm 2 =
0.6561xy cm 2
= $(1000 + 3000 + 5000 + 7000 + 16 184) Percentage change in the area
= $32 184 0.6561xy − xy
= × 100%
32 184 − 27 900 xy
=
Percentage change × 100%
27 900 −0.3439 xy
= +15.4% (cor. to 1 d.p.) = × 100%
xy
= −34.39%
Challenging Questions (p. 4.51)
1. Let W be the weight of the alloy bar and x% be the
percentage decrease in the weight of copper. (b) (i) Length of Tn = x × (1 − 10%) n −1 cm
W × 60% × (1 + 10%) + W × 40% × (1 − x%) = W = 0.9n −1 x cm
0.6 × 1.1 + 0.4 × (1 − x%) = 1 n −1
Width of Tn = y × (1 − 10%) cm
0.66 + 0.4 × (1 − x%) = 1 n −1
= 0.9 y cm
0.4 × (1 − x%) = 0.34
1 − x% = 0.85
n −1 n −1 2
x% = 0.15 of Tn 0.9 x × 0.9 y cm
(ii) Area=
x = 15 = (0.9 × 0.9) n −1 xy cm 2
∴ The percentage decrease in the weight of copper is = 0.81n −1 xy cm 2
15%.

2. Let x% and y% be the percentages of alcohol in solutions A (iii) ∵ Area of Tn = area of T1 × (1 − 19%)
and B respectively. ∴ 0.81n −1 xy = xy × (1 − 19%)
Consider the alcohol content in mixture P. 0.81n −1 = 0.81
3 2
x% × + y% × = 40% 0.81n −1 = 0.811
3+ 2 3+ 2
n −1 = 1
3x 2 y
+ = 40 n=2
5 5
3x + 2 y = 200  (1)
Consider the alcohol content in mixture Q.
1 2 Multiple Choice Questions (p. 4.51)
x% × + y% × =32% 1. Answer: C
1+ 2 1+ 2
x 2y
+ =32 2. Answer: C
3 3
Let y be the original length of a side of the square.
x + 2y = 96  (2)
Original area of the square = y 2
(1) − (2):
New length of a side = y × (1 − 15%)
(3 x + 2 y ) − ( x + 2 y ) = 200 − 96
= 0.85 y
3x + 2 y − x − 2 y = 104
2 x = 104 New area of the square = (0.85 y ) 2
x = 52 = 0.7225 y 2

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 4 Percentages (II)

0.7225 y 2 − y 2 9. Answer: D
Percentage change
= in its area × 100% Number of quarters in 5 years= 5 × 4
y2
−0.2775 y 2 = 20
= × 100% r%
y2 Interest rate per quarter =
4
= −27.75%
Amount $A received by Nancy
20
 r% 
3.
Answer: C = $ P × 1 + 
Their total monthly income last year  4 
= $(12 000 + 8000)
= $20 000 10. Answer: B
Mr Chan’s monthly income this year Let $P be the principal.
= $12 000 × (1 + 10%) Number of half-year periods in one year = 1 × 2
= $13 200 =2
Mrs Chan’s monthly income this year 4%
Interest rate per half year =
= $8000 × (1 + 5%) 2
= $8400 = 2%
2
Their total monthly income this year ∴ 156 060 = P × (1 + 2%)
= $(13 200 + 8400) 156 060= P × 1.022
= $21 600 156 060
P=
Percentage increase 1.022
21 600 − 20 000 = 150 000
= × 100%
20 000 ∴ The principal is $150 000.
= 8%
11. Answer: B
4. Answer: A Net chargeable income = $82 000
Let n be the number of cars produced in 2016. = $(50 000 + 32 000)
n × (1 + 3%) 2 =
95 481 Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
n × 1.032 = 95 481 On the first $50 000 2% $1000
95 481 On the next $32 000 6% $1920
n=
1.032 = $(1000 + 1920)
∴ Mr Ho’s salaries tax payable
= 90 000 = $2920
∴ 90 000 cars were produced in 2016.

5. Answer: A Think and Learn (p. 4.56)

Value of the vase one year later
= $1800 × (1 − 10%) 2 1 (a)
= $1800 × 0.9 2
Period of Amount (principal
Interest
= $1458 time (year) + interest)
1 $1800 $31 800
2 $3600 $33 600
6. Answer: B
Number of bacteria after one hour 3 $5400 $35 400
=1 × 106 × (1 + 4%)60 4 $7200 $37 200
5 $9000 $39 000
1 × 106 × 1.0460
=
6 $10 800 $40 800
= 1.052 × 107 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.)
(b) 6
7. Answer: B
2. (a)
Interest payable after 3 years= $6000 × 12% × 3
Period of Amount (principal
= $2160 Interest
time (year) + interest)
1 $1800 $31 800
8. Answer: D 2 $3708 $33 708
6
900
= 20 000 × r % × 3 $5730.48 $35 730.48
12 4 $7874.31 $37 874.31
900 10 000 × r %
=
5 $10 146.77 $40 146.77
r % = 0.09
6 $12 555.57 $42 555.57
r =9
(b) 5

3. compound interest
25 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022
 Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

4. 5. half-yearly
Period of Amount (principal
Interest
time (year) + interest) 6. (a) Yes
1 $1827 $31 827
2 $3765.26 $33 765.26 (b) Yes
3 $5821.57 $35 821.57
4 $8003.10 $38 003.10
5 $10 317.49 $40 317.49
6 $12 772.83 $42 772.83

Exam Corner

Exam-type Questions (p. 4.54)

Suggested Solutions Marks

1. (a) 500 000 × (1 + r %) 2 =583 200 

2
(1 + r %) = 1.1664
1 + r% = 1.08
r % = 0.08
r =8 

(b) Waste produced in 2023

= 583 200 × (1 + 8%)5 tonnes 
5
= 583 200 × 1.08 tonnes
≈ 856 912 tonnes 
> 850 000 tonnes
∴ The expert’s estimate is agreed. 
2. (a) Value of the car after 5 years
= $580 000 × (1 − 12%)5 
5
= $580 000 × 0.88
= $306 085 (cor. to the nearest dollar) 

(b) Let $V be the value of the car four years ago.

V × (1 − 12%) 4 =580 000 
4
V × 0.88 = 580 000
580 000
V=
0.884
≈ 967 158 
< 1 000 000
∴ The car owner’s claim is disagreed. 
3. (a) Let $f be the original fare of the bus route.
Original revenue = $2500 f
New revenue = $ f × (1 + 10%) × 2300
= $ f × 1.1× 2300
= $2530 f 
Percentage change
2530 f − 2500 f
= × 100% 
2500 f
30 f
= × 100%
2500 f
= +1.2% 

26 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

 4 Percentages (II)

Suggested Solutions Marks

(b) New revenue with further increase in bus fare
= $ f × (1 + 10%) 2 × (2300 − 200) 
=$ f × 1.21× 2100
= $2541 f 
> $2500 f
∴ The bus driver’s claim is agreed. 
3
4. (a) Original volume = y × y × y cm
= y 3 cm3
New length of a side = y × (1 + 20%) cm
= 1.2 y cm
3
New volume = 1.2 y × 1.2 y × 1.2 y cm
= 1.728 y 3 cm3 
Percentage increase in volume
1.728 y 3 − y 3
= × 100% 
y3
0.728 y 3
= × 100%
y3
= 72.8% 

(b) Let r% be the percentage decrease in y.

New length of a side = y × (1 − r %) cm
∵ New total surface area = original total surface area × (1 − 36%)
∴ 6 × [ y × (1 − r %) × y × (1 − r %)] = (6 × y × y ) × (1 − 36%)  + 
(1 − r %) 2 = 0.64
1 − r% = 0.8
r % = 0.2
r = 20
∴ The percentage decrease in y is 20%. 
5. (a) Number of months in 6 years= 6 × 12
= 72
5%
Interest rate per month =
12
Interest earned after 6 years
 5% 72 
= $6000 × 1 +  − 1 
 12  
= $2094 (cor. to the nearest dollar) 

 5% 72 
(b) 6000 × r % ×=
6 6000 × 1 +  − 1  + 
 12  
72
 5% 
r % × 6 = 1 +  −1
 12 
72
 5% 
1 +  −1
 12 
r% =
6
r = 5.82 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 

27 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3A Full Solutions

Suggested Solutions Marks

6. (a) Net chargeable income
= $(322 000 − 172 000)
= $150 000
= $(30 000 + 30 000 + 30 000 + 60 000) 
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
On the first $30 000 3% $900
On the next $30 000 10% $3000
On the next $30 000 17% $5100 
Remainder $60 000 24% $14 400
∴ Ann’s salaries tax payable
= $(900 + 3000 + 5100 + 14 400)
= $23 400 

(b) Net chargeable income

= $(100 000 × 12 − 156 000)
= $1 044 000
= $(30 000 + 30 000 + 30 000 + 954 000) 
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
On the first $30 000 3% $900
On the next $30 000 10% $3000
On the next $30 000 17% $5100
Remainder $954 000 24% $228 960
David’s salaries tax payable 
= $(900 + 3000 + 5100 + 228 960)
= $237 960
David’s annual income × 20%
= $100 000 × 12 × 20%
= $240 000
∴ David needs to pay $237 960. 
7. Answer: C
Let b and h be the original base and height of the triangle respectively.
bh
Original area =
2
New base = b × (1 − 10%)
= 0.9b
New height = h × (1 + r %)
= h(1 + r %)
∵ New area = original area × (1 + 8%)
1 bh
∴ × 0.9b × h(1 + r %) = × (1 + 8%)
2 2
0.9(1 + r %) = 1.08
1 + r% = 1.2
r % = 0.2
r = 20

28 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022