Tecnicatura Superior en

Traductorado en Inglés

Espacio Curricular

Lengua Inglesa III

3° Año

Año 2023
Docente: Viviana Anis
Instituto de Ciencias Empresariales

Nivel Superior

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 Index
Change ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. page 3 - 7

People and Places ……………………………………………………………………………………………..…page 8 – 15

Grammar Reference: Past Tenses …….………………………………………………………………….page 16 - 20

Sustainability ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….page 21 -25

Grammar Reference: Future Tenses ……………………………………………………………………. page 26 - 30

Persuasive Essays …………………………………………………………………………………………….…..page 31 - 33

Persuasive devices and writing……………………………………………………………………………..page 34 - 37

Family and relationships …………………………………………………………………………………….. page 38 - 42

Intentions that changed………………………………………………………………………………………. page 43

Perfect Modals …………………………………………………………………………………………………...page 44 - 45

Extra Practice ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. page 46

Health and Lifestyle ………………………………………………………………………………………….. page 47 - 48

Relative clauses ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. page 49 - 50

Grammar Reference: Relative clauses…………………………………………………………………. page 51 - 54

Extra Practice ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. page 55 - 56

Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. page 57

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 CHANGE
A FRESH START
South Africa

1. What do you know about South Africa?

Use these ideas to help you:

Cities - History - Things to see and do - sports - climate - languages

2. Watch the video to learn some facts about South Africa.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSYHMWmyVfo
3. Were your ideas in exercise 1 mentioned? What else have you learned?

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4. Read the following texts and answer the questions:
• What type of change does each text illustrate?
• In what type of publication might you expect to find each text? Give reasons for your
opinions.

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5
6
Bibliography:

• Norry, Roy (2012) Straightforward Advanced. Macmillan

• Video: Destination World: South Africa. Nat Geo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSYHMWmyVfo

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People and Places

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9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Grammar Reference

16
17
18
19
20
 Sustainability

Check your answers:

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Reading

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23
24
25
Grammar Reference

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27
28
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30
 Persuasive Essay Writing

What Is a Persuasive Essay?

A persuasive essay has one main goal: to persuade the audience of a certain viewpoint. Like a sales pitch,
your essay is selling your point of view. An effective persuasive essay appeals to the reader’s emotions and
feelings to convince them that your side is correct. They require some evidence, but the primary evidence for
your position is your opinion and personal experience.

Persuasive vs. Argumentative

While persuasive essays focus on one point of view, argumentative essays acknowledge differing opinions
and perspectives. Argumentative essays use logic and rhetorical devices to convince an audience to consider
the author’s argument. They require more facts and evidence than persuasive essays to be valid arguments.

An example of a persuasive writing prompt may be, “What is the best dessert?” However, an argumentative
essay may pose the question, “Should the school have more varieties of dessert?” Each author would collect
different types of evidence and take a different approach to writing their essay.

Steps to Writing a Persuasive Essay

Although you may feel passionate about your topic, you’ll need to use writing skills to fully convince your
readers to believe you. With five strong paragraphs, you can formulate a strong persuasive essay.

Choose Your Side

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Before you begin, it's important to know where you stand on the issue. Choose your side and hold firmly to
it. Unlike an argument essay which requires a look at counterarguments, persuasive essays allow you to stick
to your own opinion. With a focused lens, you'll be able to research your topic more thoroughly.

Research Thoroughly

A good persuasive essay is going to present compelling facts and statistics. The goal is to move the pendulum
so others choose your side, too. You can also research and present moving narratives that will make readers
stop, think, and consider your viewpoint.

List Your Reasons

Even though a persuasive essay doesn’t require hard evidence, you will need to list reasons for your opinion.
The more reasons you list, the more convincing your essay will be. Be sure to make your reasons relatable to
a variety of readers.

Appeal to Emotions

Are you trying to persuade an audience by making them worried? Should they feel angry after reading your
essay, or sad, or relieved? Appealing to your readers’ emotions is an important part of persuading them to
agree with you. A bland essay with a neutral tone isn’t going to be as effective as a fiery statement about
what you believe.

Call to Action

What do you want readers to do after reading your essay? Think of what action they can take once they are
convinced of your point. These actions can range from letters to the school board, signing petitions, donating
to worthy causes, or speaking out on the same issue.

Outlining Your Essay

No matter how compelling your point is, you’ll need to use writing skills as a tool to convince readers to your
side. A well-organized, five-paragraph essay will present your argument much more effectively. The structure
is simple:

The Introduction – Your introductory paragraph needs to be your strongest paragraph. This is where you'll
present your argument or recommendation, including your thesis statement. The last sentence should
conclude the thought while transitioning into the next paragraph.

The Body – The next three paragraphs should reinforce your initial viewpoint, thereby persuading the reader
that your position is the best position possible. Each paragraph should present one reason for your opinion
with evidence from your personal experience.

The Conclusion – Your concluding paragraph should reiterate your thesis statement. Then, sum everything up
and conclude the overall essay to drive the point home. Include your call to action here.

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Once you’ve mastered this structure, feel free to add more body paragraphs as you see fit. But don’t
overwhelm your reader with too many reasons. If you begin with a clear and precise thesis statement and
fuse it with solid facts, you'll be well on your way to delivering a pitch-perfect persuasive essay.

Persuasive Essays Are Convincing

You can find a lot of persuasive essays in the realm of politics. Among political figures -- whether senators,
congressional personnel, lobbyists, or presidential staff -- developing and using persuasive essays is quite
common.

In order to write a concrete, persuasive essay, you'll need to do your homework on the topic. Familiarize
yourself with both sides of the coin: your side and the opposing argument. Preemptively respond to possible
counter-arguments from the other side. This will make for a much stronger essay. Don't shy away from a
quick acknowledgment of the main point of contention.

Persuasive essays include substantial facts in support of the topic. Still, the main purpose is to convince the
reader to agree with your position.

Change the World

You can change the world, or at least the perspective of a group of people, with a powerful persuasive essay.
And, in truth, persuasive essays possess an element of informative essays. You'll certainly be educating the
audience on an important topic.

Just remember, the main goal of a persuasive essay is to seduce the reader into agreeing with you. Encourage
them to take a stand.

Watch Malala Yousafzai's Nobel Peace Prize acceptance

speech
Dec. 10, 2014.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hx0ajieM3M

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Persuasive Devices

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Writing:
Choose a topic and write a persuasive essay.

Remember:

1. In a persuasive essay, you attempt to convince readers to agree with your point of
view on an argument.
2. Persuasive essays have the following structure:

• Introduction: Introduces the topic, explains why it’s important, and ends with the
thesis.
• Thesis: A sentence that sums up what the essay be discussing and what your stance
on the issue is.

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 • Reasons you believe your side of the argument: Why do you support the side you
do? Typically each main point will have its own body paragraph.
• Evidence supporting your argument: Facts or examples to back up your main points.
Even though your opinion is allowed in persuasive essays more than most other
essays, having concrete examples will make a stronger argument than relying on
your opinion alone.
• Conclusion: Restatement of thesis, summary of main points, and a recap of why the
issue is important.

Suggested topics:

• Can music be an effective way to treat mental illness?

• With e-readers so popular, have libraries become obsolete?
• Should music with offensive language come with a warning label?
• Should all high school students be required to take a class on financial literacy?
• Should there be limits to free speech?
• Should recycling be made mandatory?
• Should the minimum voting age be raised/lowered/kept the same?
• Should recreational marijuana be legalized?
• Why has anxiety increased in adolescents?
• Is scientific testing on animals necessary?
• Do zoos help or harm animals?
• Should scientists be allowed to clone humans?
• What is the best way to reduce the impact of global warming?
• Should euthanasia be legalized?
• Should people be banned from owning aggressive dog breeds?
• Should the government subsidize renewable forms of energy?
• Is solar energy worth the cost?
• Are the costs of hosting an Olympic Games worth it?
• Does excessive social media use lead to depression/anxiety?
• Do violent video games encourage players to be violent in real life?
• Should social media be banned for children younger than a certain age?

SUMMARY:

THE PERSUASIVE DEVICES TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT WHEN YOU WRITE YOUR ESSAY ARE:

• REPETITION OF NOUNS OR PHRASES IN ORDER TO CREATE EMPHASIS. (a)

• PERSONAL PRONOUN WE, OUR (b, d, j)
• QUESTIONS (b)
• ADDRESS TO THE READER: YOU (c)
• EXPRESS CERTAINTY: I’M SURE… (c)
• EMPHATIC VOCABULARY: PUMPING (d)
• COLLOQUIAL LANGUAGE: GOODNESS KNOWS WHAT ELSE…(d)

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• MAXIMIZING PHRASES: NOTHING LESS THAN… (e)
• THREE – PART ALLITERATION: DIRTY, DISGUSTING, DESPICABLE (e)
• LANGUAGE TO EXPRESS OPINIONS STRONGLY: I DESPISE… (f)
• IDIOMATIC PHRASES: ON ITS KNEES, BEGGING FOR FORGIVENESS (g)
• EXAGGERATION: A THOUSAND REASONS (h)
• SIMILE: AS FLIMSY AS A PHILANDERER’S PROMISE (i)
• NON-STANDARD COLLOCATION: PRESSURIZED HAPPINESS (j)
• BALANCED PHRASES DEVIDED BY SEMI-COLON (k)
• DOUBLE ALLITERATION (k)

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Family and Relationships

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Reading

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3. Read the missing paragraphs. Choose from paragraphs A – H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is
one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

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 4.Re read the text about Lang Lang, and answer the following questions:

1. How would you describe Lang Lang’s father?

2. What do you think about their relationship?
3. Do you think Lang Lang would be a successful pianist now if it hadn’t been for his father?
4. How would you have reacted if you had been in Lang Lang's position?
5. Do children only succeed in life if they have ambitious parents? Why/Why not?

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 5. After reading about Lang Lang, listen to him:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oY_9O2BH9oM

6. Think about a problematic relationship. Think about a problem you have had, or someone you
know has had with a relationship. Then write about it.
Discuss:

A) What caused the problem?

B) How was it dealt with?

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Intentions that changed

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Perfect Modals

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45
 .

Extra Practice

Complete Stacy’s thoughts. Circle the correct word.

I can’t believe what I did! Everyone may / must
have laughed so hard when they heard about it -
I am sure of it! I should / must have taken
Jason’s good advice. If I had listened to him, I
would/wouldn’t have made such a fool of
myself! And I shouldn’t / must have left
immediately, either. I can / must have made the
situation better by staying there for a little while. But I just had to leave. Everyone
should / must have talked about it afterward. I’m so embarrassed!

Read the completed text again. Then, circle the correct answers.
1. Did Stacy take Jason’s advice? Yes No Maybe
2. Did Stacy make a mistake? Yes No
Probably
3. Did Stacy leave immediately? Yes No
Probably
4. Did Stacy’s leaving made the situation worse? Yes No Maybe
5. Did everyone talk about it afterward? Yes No
Probably

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 Health and lifestyle

Speaking and Listening

7. Write your opinion about taking physical exercise. Do you agree with the man in the
listening? Why/ Why not?

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Vocabulary

Reading

Complete the text: Read the article again and, as you read, try to decide which part of speech best fits each
gap. Then choose the word you think best completes each gap.

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Grammar

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Grammar Reference

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 EXTRA PRACTICE
A) Choose the most appropriate modal verb to complete the sentences.

1. I think this dead tree must/should/ ought to have been struck by lightning.
2. We didn’t know it was too wet to walk today. We should/ must / would have brought our
raining boots.
3. It shouldn’t / couldn’t / mightn’t have been a wolf that you saw because there aren’t any in
this area.
4. They look as if they have sunburn, they would/ should/ must have used sun-screen.
5. If I had known your e-mail address, I wouldn’t / shouldn’t/ can’t have bothered phoning you.
6. You could / can’t / must have been terrified when you got lost in the forest.

B) Complete the sentences with a perfect modal and the verb in parentheses. In some cases,
more than one answer is possible.

1. Sue………………………………………………..….. (be) really sick. I can’t think of another reason for her
to be late.
2. You …………………………………………………….. (sell) your house, but unfortunately, you did.
3. Tony …………………………………………………. (get) to the airport, but I doubt it.
4. We ………………………………………….………… (prevent) their break-up, could we?
5. I ………………………………………………………..….. (leave) before the class ended, but I did.
6. John……………………………………………….……… (accept) the job, but he didn’t.
7. Ben ………………………………………………. (invite) Diana to the party. I haven’t talked to him yet,
but he’ll tell us tonight.

C) Complete the following sentences using relative clauses.

1. That personal trainer, ……………………………… YOUTUBE channel made millions, is appearing on

TV.
2. Cycling and running, both ………………………….. I enjoy, are effective forms of exercise.
3. The man ……………………………………………..was recently appointed as our new manager is very
popular.

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 4. Tom goes jogging everyday, …………………………………………. Is obviously good for his fitness
regime.
5. The girl …………………………………………. Came to see me last night is my cousin.
6. The free concert …………………………………………. was held in the park last night was attended by
hundreds of people.

D) Combine these sentences into one, using the RELATIVE PRONOUN in parentheses. Make
sentence b the ADJECTIVE CLAUSE. Omit the relative pronoun if it is possible.
a. The people are friendly. b. They live next to my house. (who)

The people who live next to my house are friendly.

1. a. The holiday takes place in May. b. I told you about the holiday. (that)
_______________________________________________________________________
2. a. The lady is really reliable. b. The lady made my wedding dress. (who)
_______________________________________________________________________
3. a. The food was amazing. b. I ate the food during Thanksgiving. (that)
_______________________________________________________________________
4. a. The mariachi is my father-in-law. b. The mariachi sang in our reception. (who)
_______________________________________________________________________

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 Bibliography
• Gude, Kathy and Duckworth, Michael (2013) Proficiency Masterclass. Inglaterra. O.U.P.
• Norry, Roy (2012) Straightforward Advanced. Inglaterra. Macmillan
• Saslow, Joan and Ascher, Allen (2019) Top Notch 3 Third Edition. Inglaterra. Pearson.

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