Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus

Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas

A PROPOSED MULTI-STOREY GERIATRIC HOSPITAL

WITH RETIREMENT VILLAGE AT NAIC, CAVITE

Prepared by:

Espanto, Juan Miguel

Marasigan, James Daniel E.

Pineda, Carlos Angelo

Alcober, Lorena

Arc 3105

Dissertation:

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the 1st Semester in Arc 523 - Architectural Design 5 - Space Planning 2

To:

Ar. Aldwin D. Cueto

Arc 523- Architectural Design 5- Space Planning 2 Instructor

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

DECLARATION

We, Juan Miguel Espanto, James Daniel E. Marasigan, Carlos Angelo Pineda, Lorena

Alcober, the 2nd Group of the class of Arc 523- Architectural Design 5, Arc 3105, hereby

declare that this Research Paper is an original work by the group and has not been submitted

for the fulfillment of any requirement. All the related literature, data and facts within this

work has given due acknowledgement in the reference section.

ABSTRACT

The senior population is one of the most valuable members of any society, and they

have the right to live and grow in safety and dignity so that they can continue to participate in

social activities. In relation with this, the Philippine is one of the emerging countries in the

retirement industry, as foreign and local retirees desired to spend their senior years in the

country due to its genuinely pleasant and skilled healthcare professionals. Not to mention, the

country is also known for its natural beauty, pleasing culture, and low cost of living.

Therefore, this research aims to establish a solution to sustain the demand of the retirement

industry and provide medical support though architecture. Thus, it will cater to the lack of

healthcare facilities and needs of new, fully equipped facilities for the medical professions.

Furthermore, the study mentioned how the therapeutic environment- that should be

considered in the design, - affects the recovery and work rate inside the facilities. Those

factors include the connection to nature, enhancing social supports, stimulating interior

design features. As a result, these factors affect positively the health care workers, helping in

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

improving their performance, productivity, and the patient’s physical, psychological, and

improving their health and wellbeing. Lastly, the latter part of this study discusses how

existing medical institutions, at foreign and local setting, provide these medical services and

configure a community that promotes comfort and socially inclined environment, through

their workers and amenities.

DEDICATION

This is dedicated to all the Architecture students of Batangas State University, to all

aspiring architects, and to the next generation of students that will research about this topic.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deepest and sincerest gratitude to our Architectural

Design 5 Instructor, Ar. Aldwin D. Cueto for his patient guidance and enthusiastic

encouragement, who without him will not make this research a reality. We are also grateful to

all our friends and colleagues, under and outside of the program of Bachelor of Science in

Architecture, for their support and valuable prayers, throughout the entire research process.

To our parents, who have joined us through late night sleep and supported us

financially.

Most especially, to the Almighty Father, for giving us all the opportunity to

successfully finish this research. To You alone be the glory!

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

CHAPTER I.

The Problem and Its Setting

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

I. Introduction

Aging is a natural process of gradual change that begins in early adulthood. Everyone

will eventually experience this stage in our human life. Aging is progressive

physiological changes in an organism that lead to agedness, or a decline of biological

functions and of the organism’s ability to adapt to metabolic stress (Petra Simic, 2020).

However, people do not become old or elderly at a specific age. Traditionally, the age of

65 has been labeled as the start of old age. But the reason was historical, not biological

(Richard G. Stefanacci, 2022). As this progressive change in human- agedness, - occurs,

elders become more exposed to an increased risk of debility, disease, and death.

The great challenges of world’s continuous development of nations through

innovations and sets of skilled professionals, do not only stop with building notable

architecture and skilled professional to sustain the manpower, but also is the aging of

population itself. People worldwide are living longer. Driven by a combination of low

childbearing rates and improved mortality rates, the average age of these countries has

risen steadily. There are already more people older than 60 than youngsters under age 15

in Europe and North America, and by 2030, nearly half the population of Western Europe

will be over 50, one-quarter over 65, and 13 percent over 75 (Sarah Harper, 2018).

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), evidence suggests that the general

ratio of life in good health ha remained roughly constant. This only explains that as

human age, additional ears are in poor health. On the other hand, this result may only

change if this people can experience and live in a supportive environment through the

considerations on building a community promoting a good physical and social, safe, and

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

clean environment, maintaining healthy behavior, balanced diet, and regular physical

activity.

Background of the Study

One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century is the aging of the population. As

part of the growing population and visible development of the economy of every nation, the

senior population shall have the right to live more with security and assurance of a healthy

and progressive environment. In line with this, the Filipino-family culture reflects how it

value our elders as a fundamental pillar of our society.

The Philippines, known as the home of skilled medical experts and known for its

hospitable and genuine care-support, also see as an emerging retirement location of Asia.

This is also possible as the country was known for the low cost of living and abundance of its

natural resources. In line with this, the retirement industry became one of the biggest

contributors to the Philippine economy.

The province of Cavite is considered one of the most agri-industrialized and fastest-

growing provinces in the Philippines. Originally, an agricultural province, northern cities are

now suburbs of Manila due to increasing urbanization in the late 1900s. This province forms

part in the Greater Manila Area as the population in Metro Manila continuously combust,

people are looking for a breathing place for which we could ease their minds from the stress

of traffic and pollution. Later on, the development in Cavite opens numerous rooms for

potential investment in almost all sectors of society like hospitals, medical clinics, medical

tourism facilities, tourism facilities such as retirement villages, hotels, theme parks, and

resorts.

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

Therefore, the project of this study shall create a place where the senior population

can live and spend their days through physical activities, relaxation, general therapy, and

recreation, considering the four approaches to sustainability into architectural solutions.

II. Theoretical Framework

The study is anchored from the theoretical support the theory of gerotranscendence, a

developmental theory of positive aging was proposed by Lars Tornstam in 1989. Tornstam’s

theory of gerotranscendence can be defined as a “shift in metaperspective from a materialistic

and rational view to a more cosmic and transcendent one, normally followed by an increase

in life satisfaction” (Tornstam 1989:55). The theory of gerotranscendence, a relatively new

theory about aging, is based on several previously existing theories all of which in

Tornstam’s opinion have failed to explain the changes associated with aging (Adam Duane

Massmann, 2012). In line with this, an earliest gerontological theory in a functionalist

perspective is the disengagement theory (Cummings and Henry 1961) , which propose that

withdrawing from social relationships comes naturally with aging. Some reasons behind this

is that the idea of natural death and that we experience physical and mental declination as we

approach death, and that elder receive less reinforcement to conform to social norms. Thus, a

new theory addressed this notion, the activity theory. According to this theory, activity levels

and social involvement are key to this process, and key to happiness (Havinghurst 1961;

Neugarten 1964; Havinghurst, Neugarten, and Tobin 1968). Furthermore, the theory

explained that it is ideal that elderly people should engage to more active lifestyle. However,

critics pointed out that access to social opportunities and activity are such a privilege and not

equally available to all. On the other hand, the theory of subculture of aging (Rose’s 1962)

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

further explained the similar idea of the active theory. This theory focuses the shared

community exclusive for the senior population when they are excluded, voluntarily or

involuntarily, from participating in other groups. This theory suggests that elders will

disengage from society and develop new patterns of interaction with peers who share

common backgrounds and interests (Stacey Cooper 2022).

Therefore, the theory and study above emphasize the factors and physiological

and psychological effect and perspectives on elderly phase. In line with this, creating a

therapeutic environment that will cater to the active lifestyle for the elders must be consider.

Therapeutic community in which it will serve the physical, psychological, social, and

spiritual needs of our senior citizens.

III. Statement of the Problem

The main reason for this research is to conduct a feasibility study and design a

retirement haven with geriatric hospital, located within the province of Cavite. The said

retirement facility should be able to accommodate at least 25,000 residents. The hospital

should cater for the retirees and to other residents outside of the development. Moreover,

the whole development should not only provide the best health care and accommodation

but should reflect the locality’s culture and heritage . Similarly, the researcher aims to

design a place where senior citizens can live and spend their days doing physical

activities, relaxation, physical therapy, and recreation, all while considering the four

approaches to sustainability into architectural solutions: the human, social, economic, and

environmental approaches.

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

IV. Significance of the study

To the senior population and retirees /users. The findings of this study will

redound to the benefit of the society, specifically for the senior population, and the local and

foreign retirees who wants to experience a living and loving community here in the

Philippines. The greater demand for such a community that would cater to the senior

population, justify the need for more exclusive environment for the elders and retirees. Thus,

proposing through this study, the development of a geriatric hospital and a retirement heaven

that would provide healthcare and resettlement for our elders.

For the healthcare workers and administration. This study aims to be beneficial,

not only for the target users but also to the healthcare workers and the administration. Its

purpose is to provide them with resources, recommended through the result of the study, such

as healthcare facilities, such as recovery rooms, examine facilities, operating areas,

laboratories, and other facilities which help them to effectively execute their work properly

and establish a high-quality of medical services.

For the economy. The retirement industry has a significant part in the economic

growth of the Philippines. Lots of foreign and local retirees see themselves to spend their life

in an environment exclusive to their age and interest, in a place where there’s rich of natural

resources, peaceful, and has a pleasing culture and tradition. Being said, Philippines offers

wide rage of culture and has pleasant and genuine skilled health professionals. Thus, lot of

developers and foreign retirees as well choose the Philippines to spend their time and

investment.

For the Researchers. This study will help them to uncover and deal with the

problems of our society. In relation, this study will cater to the researchers to expand their

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

knowledge and skills in designing and conceptualizing, tackling the design problem and other

related design projects, prior to the development of medical facilities, and for the future

architectural design projects, corresponding to the topic.

V. Objective of the Study

VI.I. Project Objectives

To provide students and faculty an access to new facilities and other learning spaces.

The keypoint in providing a quality education to our young learners, is to provide the

students and the faculty with accessible learning facilities, such as classrooms, laboratories,

recreational spaces like exhibit area and other multipurpose facilities; computer and/or

techno-aid rooms that will cater the needs of students, associated with the rapid development

of digital world; and other utilities needed to meet the demand of the students.

According to Penn State, research found out that school facilities can have a

significant impact on both teacher and student results. School amenities have an impact on

teacher recruitment, retention, commitment, and effort. In Addition, school facilities have an

impact on students' health, behavior, engagement, learning, and achievement growth. As a

result, academics typically conclude that serving large numbers of children with complex

needs is extremely challenging without proper facilities and resources.

In addition, according to the US General Accounting Office (GAO), over three-

quarters of all existing US schools were built before 1970 in 1996. Approximately one-third

of these schools required major repair or replacement, and nearly two-thirds had at least one

unsatisfactory building characteristic, such as plumbing, roofing, or electrical systems.

Furthermore, 58% had at least one unfavorable environmental condition, such as insufficient

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

ventilation, acoustics, or physical security. Researchers discovered that most schools lack

21st-century infrastructure, laboratories, and instructional space, in addition to regular

maintenance and construction difficulties. More than half do not have enough flexible

instructional space to allow for effective teaching.

Therefore, the quality of the facility is an important predictor of teacher retention and

student learning. The physical and emotional health of students and teachers depend on the

quality of the physical location, which makes establishing safe, healthy buildings essential.

To establish the College of Architecture, Interior Design and Fine Arts.

The College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts, located at Batangas State

University Alangilan Campus, Alangilan, Batangas City, and is catering to over 11, 000

students for its 26 undergraduate and graduate programs with ten (10) Masters degree, one

(1) Ph.D. and fifteen (15) undergraduate programs. However, to meet the challenges of the

21st Century, the university will offer more engineering-related programs. It offers a strong

scholastic educational module and wide ranges of other opportunities for learners to do

greatly well in their chosen field. Thus, the university will expect for a huge growth of

populations of students yet may result with the insufficiency of school amenities that shall

provide an effective learning environment for them.

In conclusion, establishment of a new college, calling it the College of Architecture,

Interior Design and Fine Arts, shall be a great step on solving the population issue. The

college will centralize its mission and vision to the students under the programs of

Architecture, Interior Design, and Fine Arts. In relation to this, a collaborative environment

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

shall be promoted, together with the University’s mission on producing quality graduates that

will do well in the collaborative world of their chosen profession.

To solve the issue of the growing population of students and its effect on the quality of

education.

Batangas State University, as a Level IV state university, located in the province of

Batangas, Philippines. Established in 1903, the university is strategically located at the

second largest economic region in the Philippines, which puts it at a prime position not only

as a premier provider of higher and advanced learning, but also as a viable economic

development zone. The University not only caters to students from the entire province, but

also has a huge population of students living in its neighboring provinces including Quezon

province, Laguna, and Mindoro, proving the great milestone of the state university.

Furthermore, the University is the only state university in Batangas and its neighboring

provinces that offers and proven its excellency in the fields of Architecture, Interior Design,

and Fine Arts, with approximately more than 1600 students in number. As a result, the

University is urged to expand its territory and build more learning facilities to meet the rapid

changes and challenges brought by the 21st century, including the demand of the “New

Normal” set up.

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

To follow and execute the vision and mission of Batangas State University in producing

leaders in the global knowledge economy.

The University aims to develop a well-rounded graduate, embodying its moral and ethical

values, spiritual vigor, and utmost concern for the environment as integral parts of furtherance of

a chosen profession. It promotes excellence in the education of men and women who can assume

leadership and meaningful participation in one's chosen field of Engineering, Architecture, Fine

Arts, or Computing Sciences. Therefore, ensuring the sufficiency of school amenities and

resources shall take part in the priorities of the University, adhering to the fulfillment of its

mission and vision. In addition with this, the University is broadly open in extending its full

capacity to build quality buildings, promoting innovation by grasping the modernization of

facilities through the inclusion of computer and/or techno-aid gadgets and amenities as part of its

resources.

VI.II. Design Objective

To provide accessible and flexible learning spaces to the users.

Universities are facing new challenges that put increasing pressure on the

development of learning environments (McCune and Entwistle 2011). Many of these

challenges are related to the rapid development of educational technology, the diversification

of growing student populations in need of flexible programs, and the growing expectations

related to the skills needed in current and future professions. Providing accessible and

flexible learning spaces shall solve these issues. In relation to this, as young designers, it is

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

our duty to identify the possible solution/s on how we can answer the users on-demand access

to the content, equipment and tools, training, information, and support they need to establish

and improve learning relevance and efficacy. In addition, in a study conducted by Valtonen,

T., Leppänen, U., Hyypiä, M. et al., entitled “Learning environments preferred by university

students: a shift toward informal and flexible learning environments”, the respondents of this

study highlighted two large overviews. One, the necessity for casual learning environments

(where students can study alone or with peers or just hang out). The second viewpoint

focuses on learning flexibility, emphasizing the need for learning settings that allow

participation without requiring students to travel to campus for face-to-face interactions.

To design a structure that will cope up with the social issue, tackling the “New Normal”

setup.

The rapid changes and great challenges of the 21st century doesn’t only include the

development and application of technology- related resources, but also concerns the risk and

safety of students from health related issues. In these difficult times, universities began to

take actions on dealing with health protocols, prior to the growing cases brought by the N-

Cov 19 virus. In line with this, the BatStateU assesses a great plan on how the university can

provide a “New Normal” setup of a flexible learning environment, while adhering to its

mission and vision of providing excellent education that shall maintain the goal of the

University. By this, part of our project objectives is to provide spaces and facilities that will

observe the health protocols given by the authority, while keeping the collaborative

experience of students within their peers and respected professors. In line with this, open

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

spaces and facilities with a good ventilation and work circulation system must be observed in

planning and designing of the college building.

To build a sustainable and resilient design that shall cope up with the different elements

and strategies in the site and shall promote green architecture.

As part of the challenges of the 21st Century and the generation of designs in

Architecture, young designers and architects are responsible for creating design projects,

concerning the risk factors of the environment caused by the effect of the emission of global

carbon footprints. In addition, design plans shall also analyze the tropical condition of the

environment and its resiliency from harmful calamities that may affect the structure itself. By

this, we can ensure the sustainability of the building and shall promote green architecture.

Thus, our objective is to create architectural plans observing this matter by maximizing

spaces for its “flexible” purpose, and maximizing the natural elements that are present to the

existing site, such as wind, rain water, and natural lighting, by incorporating technology,

including solar panels and rainwater harvesting systems, to the design of the the structure.

Furthermore, to achieve an effective design that will cater the mental and spiritual concern of

the users, ensuring the calm and harmless ambience of the working environment and

minimizing destruction to the users, shall be highlighted in the design.

VI. Scope and Delimitation of the Study

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

The study is confined to the creation of a master plan for the new extension of the

Alangilan campus and a proposal for a new building for the College of Architecture, Interior

Design, and Fine Arts, aiming to discuss and solve the growing population of students and its

corresponding effects to the students’ learning development. The primary datas will be based

on the gathered datas from existing studies, tackling the sustainability of learning and

working spaces of schools and/ or universities, and how the existing environment affect the

quality of education and development of the knowledge and skills of students and the things

that must be observed and consider in making this study. In addition, the researchers took the

part as the primary respondent of this study and consolidated with the provided datas, prior to

conducting this research. Furthermore, the primary beneficiary of this study would be the

existing and future population of students under the programs of Architecture, Interior

Design, and Fine Arts, enrolled at Batangas State University Alangilan Campus.

Moreover, this study would not include a specific discussion about the technical side

of the proposed building, including the architectural plans, drawings and specifications,

structure, building and site concept, and the financing and budgeting of the projects.

Furthermore, the result of this study will be consolidated to the gathered datas from the

existing studies.

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

VII. Definition of Terms

Technopreneurship- as defined by the Collins Dictionary, “technopreneurs are

Level IV state university - an accredited programme receives an accreditation level (Level

I, II, III or IV). The higher the accreditation level, the more benefits there are.

CEAFA- College of Engineering, Architecture, and Fine Arts

ARIDFA- Architecture, Interior Design and Fine Arts Department

N-Cov 19 virus- The novel coronavirus is a new strain of coronavirus that has not been

previously identified in humans. The novel coronavirus has caused severe pneumonia in

several cases in China and has been exported to a range of countries and cities.

New Normal- The phrase “a new normal” is used in the oncology setting to describe the

changes a person faces as a result of cancer and its treatments.

Carbon Footprint- is the total amount of greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide and

methane) that are generated by our actions.

Carbon Footprint emission- includes the emissions associated with goods that are imported

into a country but are produced elsewhere and generally take into account emissions

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

associated with international transport and shipping, which is not accounted for in standard

national inventories.

Flexible learning -is a method of learning where students are given freedom in how, what,

when and where they learn.

Flexible learning environments - address how physical space is used, how students are

grouped during learning and how time is used throughout teaching.

collaborative work environment- is when two or more people (often groups) work together

through idea sharing to accomplish a common goal. This usually involves brainstorming and

sharing ideas, dividing the work evenly and bringing people together with a shared purpose.

Sustainable - able to be used without being completely used up or destroyed.

Sustainable architecture- is the use of design strategies that reduce the negative

environmental impact from a built environment.

Green Architecture- philosophy of architecture that advocates sustainable energy sources,

the conservation of energy, the reuse and safety of building materials, and the siting of a

building with consideration of its impact on the environment.

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 Batangas State University- Main II Alangilan Campus
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas
College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Design
Department of Architecture

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