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Effective Heart Disease Prediction

This document discusses using machine learning techniques to effectively predict heart disease. It begins with an introduction describing heart disease as a leading cause of death and how machine learning can help with early detection. The document then discusses different machine learning algorithms that are commonly used for heart disease prediction, including linear models, support vector machines, logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, K-nearest neighbors, artificial neural networks, naive Bayes, extreme gradient boosting, AdaBoost and extra trees. It notes that supervised learning algorithms are generally used for classification and prediction of heart disease. The paper aims to compare different machine learning algorithms and ensemble methods to determine the most accurate and timely approach for heart disease prediction.

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Sinan Ahmed
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49 views4 pages

Effective Heart Disease Prediction

This document discusses using machine learning techniques to effectively predict heart disease. It begins with an introduction describing heart disease as a leading cause of death and how machine learning can help with early detection. The document then discusses different machine learning algorithms that are commonly used for heart disease prediction, including linear models, support vector machines, logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, K-nearest neighbors, artificial neural networks, naive Bayes, extreme gradient boosting, AdaBoost and extra trees. It notes that supervised learning algorithms are generally used for classification and prediction of heart disease. The paper aims to compare different machine learning algorithms and ensemble methods to determine the most accurate and timely approach for heart disease prediction.

Uploaded by

Sinan Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Effective Heart Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning

Submitted By:

Rimsha Kanwal (Reg. no. 1079-FBAS/MSCS/F20)

Rimsha Kanwal (Reg. no. 1080-FBAS/MSCS/F20)

Submitted to:

Dr Farhan Hassan Khan

International Islamic University, Islamabad.

Faculty of Basic and Applied Science,

Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering

(2020)
1. Introduction:
Heart Disease (HD) is the most serious problem causing mortality all over the world. The main cause
of this problem is late diagnosis of the disease. Many researchers worked for the timely diagnosis of
HD but the techniques are not much more effective due to limitation of resources [1]. In the whole
world, 26 millions adults face the problem of HD and the percentage of death rate due to heart failure
is 31% all over the world [2]. The diagnosis of HD can be done through effective skills and
understanding of problem by professional experts. Smoking, age, unhealthy food, high blood pressure
and many other things are the main reasons of increasing heart disease in people [3]. The rate of HD
can be decreased by using healthy food, eating fruits and vegetables, use less salt in food and leaving
the habit of smoking [4].

Some years ago, HD could only be predicted through proper physical examination but now a days
many devices are invent for monitoring heart beat rate of a person in real time. Such devices are smart
watch and sensors that are used for measuring heart beat rate. These devices send data towards cloud
for storage and this data is used by doctors for further treatment. The internet of medical thing
(IOMT) is a platform for all medical devices connected with hospitals through internet [5], [6].

In the modern times of Data science, Machine learning (ML) algorithms are used for the
identification of HD. ML is categorized into supervised and unsupervised learning. In supervised
learning, training data is labelled and results are achieved through dependent and independent
variables. Algorithms have many input variables and one original output variable then algorithm
compared original output variable with predicted output variable and reduce the error rate in model. In
case of unsupervised learning, data is unlabelled and patterns are drawn for detection of information
from undetected data [7]. The supervised learning algorithms for classification such as Linear Model
(LM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Random
Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Naïve Bayes (NB),
Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost), Adaboost (ADB) and Extra tree (ET) are commonly used for the
prediction of HD [8], [9].

Figure 1: Machine Learning Techniques [10]


Relief, MRMR, Lasso, and LLBFS are algorithms for feature extraction. The following metrics are
used for HD prediction: accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, MCC, P-time, recall, precision, FPR, FNR,
TNR, TPR. The results are evaluated on the base of these metrics [1-9].

1.1 Motivation:
HD is increasing rapidly and cease millions of lives every year. For reducing the death rate due to
heart diseases, it is necessary to predict the main cause behind this disease. Prediction must be on time
so that many lives can be rescued. Different ML techniques and algorithms are used for this purpose.
These algorithms takes data of patients as input and gives the predicted results as output. Some of
these algorithms gives best results in term of accuracy and precision but the response time is less in
complex cases which is major gap. So that the improvement of algorithms is needed to increase the
response time and give accurate result on time.
1.2 Research Contribution:
Mostly machine learning algorithms are used for predicting diseases in medical field. HD is one of
the most serious disease which is predicted by these algorithms. These ML techniques gives better
results but some studied is needed to come out with the result of accurate and on time prediction. The
main contributions of this paper are:
 We studied the various algorithms of ML for HD prediction to overcome the problems.
 We explored different feature extraction algorithms for best features to improve results.
 We compared the results of different ML algorithms and find which algorithm gives best
accuracy for the prediction of HD.
 If we ensemble ML algorithms, it gives accurate result rather than applying individually on
datasets.

The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describe the related work. Section 3
presents comparison of ML algorithms. Section 4 discusses the results. Section 5 describe conclusion.
Reference:
[1]. Li, J. P., Haq, A. U., Din, S. U., Khan, J., Khan, A., & Saboor, A. (2020). Heart Disease
Identification Method Using Machine Learning Classification in E-Healthcare. IEEE Access, 8,
107562-107582.

[2]. Javeed, A., Zhou, S., Yongjian, L., Qasim, I., Noor, A., & Nour, R. (2019). An Intelligent
Learning System based on Random Search Algorithm and Optimized Random Forest Model for
Improved Heart Disease Detection. IEEE Access, 7, 180235-180243.

[3]. Guo, C., Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Xie, Y., Han, Z., & Yu, J. (2020). Recursion Enhanced Random
Forest With an Improved Linear Model (RERF-ILM) for Heart Disease Detection on the Internet of
Medical Things Platform. IEEE Access, 8, 59247-59256.

[4]. Fitriyani, N. L., Syafrudin, M., Alfian, G., & Rhee, J. (2020). HDPM: An Effective Heart Disease
Prediction Model for a Clinical Decision Support System. IEEE Access, 8, 133034-133050.

[5]. Mohan, S., Thirumalai, C., & Srivastava, G. (2019). Effective heart disease prediction using
hybrid machine learning techniques. IEEE Access, 7, 81542-81554.

[6]. Khan, M. A., & Algarni, F. (2020). A Healthcare Monitoring System for the Diagnosis of Heart
Disease in the IoMT Cloud Environment Using MSSO-ANFIS. IEEE Access, 8, 122259-122269.

[7]. Gonsalves, A. H., Thabtah, F., Mohammad, R. M. A., & Singh, G. (2019, July). Prediction of
coronary heart disease using machine learning: an experimental analysis. In Proceedings of the 2019
3rd International Conference on Deep Learning Technologies (pp. 51-56).

[8]. Wang, J., Liu, C., Li, L., Li, W., Yao, L., Li, H., & Zhang, H. (2020). A Stacking-Based Model
for Non-Invasive Detection of Coronary Heart Disease. IEEE Access, 8, 37124-37133.

[9]. Ali, L., Niamat, A., Golilarz, N. A., Ali, A., & Xingzhong, X. (2019). An Expert System Based
on Optimized Stacked Support Vector Machines for Effective Diagnosis of Heart Disease. IEEE
Access.

[10]. https://huspi.com/blog-open/guide-to-machine-learning-algorithms

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