0 FE | SHORT CIRCUIT PERFORMANCE OF METALLIC SHIELDS AND SHEATHS OF INSULATED CABLE (2ND EDITION) August, 1979 ICEA Publication P-45-482, 1979 © 1979 by INSULATED CABLE ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION, Inc. Post Otfice Box P, South Yarmouth, Massachuseris 02664 5.FOREWORD ICEA publications are adopted in the public interest and are designed to eliminate misunderstanding between the manufactur and user and to assist the user in selecting and obtaining proper products for his particular need. Existence of an ICEA publicati: dots not in any respect preclude the manufacture or use of products not conforming to the publication. Suggestions for improvements in this publication are welcome, and should be sent to ICEA at the address below. This publication may be coy without change, provided due credit is given to the Insulated Cable Engineers Association, In. Copies of this publication may be obtained fro Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Inc. Post Office Box P South Yarmouth, Massachusetts 02664 Telephone: (617) 394-4424 A. INTRODUCTION AND DISCUSSION tective devices a significant amount of heat may t dissipated because of the relatively long cooling perio, This publication is a revision of IPCEA publication P- eaie 45-482 dated June 1963. It introduces some important additions and modifications: The above assumption makes the formula conservativ However, because both the normal operating temperetu and the transient temperature limit have been increase the calculations are not as conservative as in the pr. vious edition. The user is cautioned to use accurate i information. When in doubt it is recommended that © ‘most conservative inp. » practical be used 1. The normal operating temperature of the shield or sheath has been increased because of the use of thinner insulation walls on present day cables. These temperatures vary with insulation thickness, as deter- mined by the cable voltage rating (see Section D, Table 2). 2. The maximum transient temperature due to short- circuit current flow in te shield or sheath has been B. SCOPE increased. The limits are extrapolated f am new data (1,2) relevant to the thermal capabilities of cable This publication describes # means of determining t ‘components under transient conditions. operating limits of power cables as imposed by sh: circuit (fault) current flowing in the metallic shield A basic formula is provided which can be used to sheath ° calculate: , NOTE: For limitations imposed by short-circuit eurre 1, The maximum time that 2 given short-cireuit current in phase conductors see IPCEA publicatios | can flow in a given shield or sheath, or 39'382. 2. The maximum short-circuit current that can flow in a “This method applies for cables: tiven shield or sheath for a given time, or eee 1. Shielded or sheathed of voltage ratings up to 69 i 3. The effective cross-sectional area of a shield or sheath eee Ms ae needed to withstand a given shor-cireuit current for a 2. Insulated with thermoplastic, cross-linked (thermose given time, polymer, impregnated paper or varnished cloth, This formula is based on the thermal capacity of the 3. With shields or sheaths of copper, aluminum, lez shield or sheath, It incorporates an initial temperature steel, commercial bronze, zine or cupro-nickel established by the cable operating at rated ampacity, and 2 final limiting temperature which is the maximum a apenas nag ene Lae tansont temperature at which no sipufcant change 4) Wires applied ther helically, ass brad « any cable component wil occur serving: or longitudinally with zorrageions An important simplifying assumption in the formula is b) Helically applied Mat tape*, not overlapped. that all heat generated during the short-circuit atonal is retained within the shield er sheath, For single fault c) Helically applied fat tape, overlapped ‘occurrences the actual amount of heat dissipated from the shield or sheath is insignificant in most cases. For faults reestablished with automatic reclosing of cifcuit pro- ©). Tubular sheath, 4) Corrugated tape, tongitudinatly appliedC. FORMULAE AND CALCULATION Then equation (1) becomes: 2, SESE es etnias ster = . 1 steric een amp ws 7 « AT Estcie aurrectod wee of de ; thee cee as ting + qn Tarot terse ston mfr aE) ie poy of sido sheath mater Clin tearm Shon iru cures thor su tinarefetvecres io taal ¢ FA Working equations may be derived from equation (3) aiving: the equation becomes: Ty = Arbitrary temperature (usually considered 20°C). 1=-MA « P, istivity of shield or sheath material at wt temperzure Ty, microhmcm D = Infe-red temperature of zero resistance for the Or, (sy € shield sheath material, ‘C below zero. 1 T, =Maxisium allowable shield or sheath transient = temperature, °C. Or Ar c T, = Operating shield or sheath temperature, °C. Refer to Section D for tabulated values of the various *The term “tape” in tis guide includes ribbon, stip or Rare ws sap. For equations (6) and (7) the effective eross-seetional Letting (2) stee, A. may be calculated from the formulae in the following table, If A is determined from (8), these Formulae may be used to determine characteristics of the shield or sheath. FORMULA FOR TYPE OF SHIELD OR SHEATH | CALCULATING A | (SEE NOTES 1 &2) [1 Wires applied either helically, as a braid or serving, or longitudinally with corrugations. I he E (Helical applied «pe ot overlapped [B. Heitealiy eppliee fat tape, overlapped. See note 3. Tai fren + 50H 4 bd = Effective cross-sectional area, shield or sheath. Tape overlap, mils (usually 375) Thickness of tape, mils. Diameter over semiconducting insulation shields, mils. Mean diameter of shield or sheath, mils Diameter of wires, mils, w= Width of tape, mi = Number of serving or braid wires, or tapes. L_ = Overlap of tape, percent. NOTE 2: The eifestive area of composite shields is the sum of the effective areas of the components. For example, the effective ar of 2 comowite shield consisting of a helically applied tape and a wire serving would be the sum of the areas caleulated fre Formis 2 (or 3) and Formula 1. NOTE 3: The effective area of tha, helically applied overlapped tapes depends, also, upon the dezree of electrical contact resista ofthe ov erleps. Formula 3 may be used to calculate the effective cross-sections! area of the shield fornew cable. An incre: in contest resistance ma¥ occur after cable installazion, during service exposed to moisture and heat, Under taese conditic the consact resistance may approach jnfinity, where Formula 2 could applyD. TABLES TABLE | PARAMETERS FOR USE IN EQUATIONS (1), (2) OR @) Suggested Values for Properties of Metals at Ty = 20°C a K Calculated | from Material sc SH Po » @ | Bronzeh | 8.80 0.094 395 364 0.030 Coppers | 8.93 0.092 12 234 0.030 Lead* | 3 0.031 20.6 236 0.0011 Stet | 7.85 on 120 180 1 0.0036 Zin | 714 0.093 591 268 0.0080 Cupro-Nickel 393 0.09 26.5 1800 0.0140 |___“Alloy! Three quarter hard, 1350 Aluminum, Commercial Bronze, 90% copper, 10% zine. Annealed, 100% conductivity copper. Pure lead (99.09), Mild or low carbon steel Commercial rolled zinc, 0.08% Lead, Cupro-Nickel, 80% Copper, 20% Nickel. ‘These values are believed accurate for the materials shown, Variations may occur due to small changes in composition, VAULES OF T,, APPROXIMATE SHIELD OR SHEATH OPERATI TABLE 2 G ERATURE, °C AT VARIGUS CONDUCTOR TEMPERATURES Raed | Shield or Sheath Temperature, °C, at Conductor Temperatures ~ | vottage, ev [9FE_T 905 85°C sc | sc | CTC sf tes 0 | 4s w | os | 60 ws | 9% | 8 | | 3 | w | 65 60 | co | es | go | m% | 1m | 6 | 60 | ts] ao 3% | wm | 6 | 60 88 w | 8s 80 1s 0 6 | © 8 o |» 15 70 6s 6 s 50 NOTE: The maximum conductor temperature should not exceed the normal temperature rating of the insulation used.TABLE 3 VALUES OF T,, MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SHIELD. ATH TRANSIENT TEMPERATURE, Cable Material in Contact = with Shield or Sheath Lo Crosslinked (thermoset) 350° Thermoplastic “20 | Impregnated Paper 200 Varnished Cloth 20 | NOTE: The temperature of the shield or sheath shall be limited by the material in contact For example, a cable having @ crosslinked semi-conducting shield under the metallic shield and a crosslinked jacket over the metallic shield would have a maximum allowable shield temperature of 350°C. With a thermoplastic jacket, it would be 200°C, ‘*For lead sheaths this temperature is limited to 200°C. TABLE 4 Values of M for the Limiting Condition Where T, = 200°C Shietd/ = ‘Shield/Sheath Operating Temperature (T,)y Sheath — | staterian | 90 | es 80 1s 10 6s co | ss 0 ‘Aluminum | 0081 j 0042 | 0043 | 0044 | 0.048 | 0046 | 0047 | 0048 | 0.049 [Commercial | i T | [Bronze | 0.035 | 0.046 | 0.047 | 0.048 | 0.049 | 0050 | 0.951 | 0052 | 0.053 Copper | 0.062 | 0.063 | 0.065 | 0.066 0.068 0.070 0.071 | 0.073 0.074 lisa | 0012 | 0012 | 0.012 | 0012 | 0013 | 0013 | oor | 0018 | 01a Steet 0023 | 0024 | 0024 | 0025 ! 0026 | 0026 | 0027 | 0027 | 00% Zine 0.030 | 0031 | 0.032 | 0033 | 0034 | 0034 | 0035 | 0036 | 0037 Cupro- ax foo | cow | oo | oor | cor | oor | oor | com | oanTABLE 5 Values of M for the Limiting Condition Where T, Shield/ : ~~ Shieid/Sheath Operating Temperature (1, ‘Sheath — ~ i Macciat_|_90 8s 80 8 ud 6 C 55 50 | [Aiwminem | 00s | 0059 | 0060 | 0.060 | 0.061 | 0.062 | 0.063 | 0.063 | 006s | |Commercial Bronze | 0.066 | 0.067 | 0.068 | 0.068 | 0.069 | 007 | 0070 | oon | 007 [Copper | 0088 | 0.089 | 0.090 | 0091 | 0.092 | 0.093 | 0094 | 009 | 0097 Stel 0032 | 0033 | 0033 | 00% | 0034 | 0035 | 0035 | 0036 | 0.036 Zine os | 00a | 0045 | 0045 | 0046 | 0.046 | 0087 | 0047 | 0.048 |Cupro- | Nickel | 0028 | ore | 0029 | 0029 | 0029 | 0029 | 0030 | 0030 | 030 E, REFERENCES 1. "The Transient Temperature Rise of Round Wire 2, Normal and Shor Circuit Operating Characteristics Shiels of Extruded Dielectric Cables Under Short of Metallic Shielded Solid Dielectric Power Cable" Cireu Conditions” by MA. Martin, Jt. and AW. ty M.A. Martin, Jr, D.A. Silos, RG. Likae, R Reczek, Jr, Presented tothe Insulated Conductors Suarez, EEE Transaction Power Apparat ane fy Committee Open Forum at the $7th Meeting, Nov, Systems Vol. PAS.93, No. 2, March/April, pp. 601 17-19, 1975. 613.