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This document discusses sensors and actuators in vehicle systems, specifically the throttle position sensor (TPS) and accelerator pedal sensor. It describes the working principles of three types of TPS - contact, linear, and Hall effect-based - and how they detect throttle opening and send signals to the ECU. It also explains the working principles and structures of linear and Hall-type accelerator pedal sensors and how they detect pedal opening and send signals to control systems like the ECU. Finally, it provides an overview of the electronic throttle control system (ETCS-i), which uses a throttle position sensor, engine ECU, and throttle control motor to electrically control throttle opening based on accelerator pedal sensor input and throttle

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36 views9 pages

phần 4

This document discusses sensors and actuators in vehicle systems, specifically the throttle position sensor (TPS) and accelerator pedal sensor. It describes the working principles of three types of TPS - contact, linear, and Hall effect-based - and how they detect throttle opening and send signals to the ECU. It also explains the working principles and structures of linear and Hall-type accelerator pedal sensors and how they detect pedal opening and send signals to control systems like the ECU. Finally, it provides an overview of the electronic throttle control system (ETCS-i), which uses a throttle position sensor, engine ECU, and throttle control motor to electrically control throttle opening based on accelerator pedal sensor input and throttle

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Phạm Hùng
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© © All Rights Reserved
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4.

Sensors and actuators

4.1. The sensor

Throttle Position Sensor – TPS Sensor

• Throttle position sensor is responsible for determining the throttle


opening and sending information to the central processor to help adjust
the optimal amount of fuel injection according to the throttle opening.
On vehicles using automatic transmission, throttle position is an
important parameter to control the gear shifting process.

General working principle


The throttle is opened or closed when the driver steps on or releases the
accelerator pedal. At this time, the throttle sensor will record the throttle
opening action and convert the throttle opening angle into a voltage
signal and send it to the ECU.
Classify

There are 3 types of throttle position sensors:

Contact type

+ A rotary lever coaxial with the throttle blade.


+ The guide cam rotates according to the lever.
+ The movable contact moves along the groove of the guide cam.
+ Idle contact (IDL).
+ Full-load contact (PSW).

Working Principle

This type of sensor uses idle contact (IDL) and load contact (PSW) to
detect whether the engine is idling or running under heavy load.

When the throttle is fully closed, the IDL contact turns ON and the PSW
contact turns OFF. The engine ECU determines that the engine is idling.
When the accelerator pedal is depressed, the IDL contact will be turned
OFF, and when the throttle valve opens beyond a specified point, the
PSW contact will close ON, at which point the engine ECU determines
that the engine is under heavy load
Linear Type
This type of sensor consists of 2 sliders and a resistor and contacts for
IDL and VTA signals are provided at the ends of each contact.

Working Principle

When the throttle valve opens, the slider slides along the resistor and
generates a voltage that gradually increases at the VTA terminal
corresponding to the throttle valve opening angle. When the throttle
valve is fully closed, the idle contact connects the IDL terminal to the E2
terminal. The signal will be sent to other control boxes to adjust the
amount of fuel for the engine.
Hall effect-based TPS

The Hall element type throttle position sensor consists of a Hall IC


circuit made of Hall elements and the magnets rotating around them.
The magnets are mounted on the throttle shaft and rotate with the
throttle.
Working Principle

When the throttle is open, the magnets rotate at the same time, and the
magnets change their positions. At that time, the Hall IC detects the flux
change caused by the change of the magnet position and generates the
Hall effect output voltage from terminals VTA1 and VTA2 according to
this change. The signal is transmitted to the engine ECU as a throttle
opening signal.

APS – Accelerator Pedal Sensor


The accelerator pedal sensor is used to measure the opening of the
accelerator pedal when the driver depresses the pedal. At this time, the
signal from the accelerator pedal sensor will be sent to the ECU and the
ECU will use these data to control the throttle motor to open the throttle
for the engine to accelerate according to the opening of the accelerator
pedal and according to the speed of the accelerator pedal. the most
appropriate current driving mode.

 With the Common Rail electronic fuel injection engine, the signal
from the accelerator pedal sensor is transmitted to the ECU and the
ECU uses it to control the amount of fuel injection to accelerate the
engine.
 The automatic transmission control ECU box also uses the
accelerator pedal sensor signal to control the time of gear shifting
in the automatic transmission. If the driver steps on the accelerator
quickly, the gearbox ECU will control Kick Down (to low gear). )
to accelerate the vehicle.

Structure
The accelerator pedal sensor has 2 main types: linear type and hall
element type (new type).

Linear Type
Hall Type
Working principle

Due to the same structure as the throttle sensor, the accelerator pedal
position sensor also has the following operating principle:

 Linear type (like a rheostat): The sensor is powered by Vc (5V)


and cool, composed of 1 resistor circuit and 1 scanning blade on
that resistor circuit, when the axis of the accelerator pedal rotates,
it will do for the blade to change position on the resistor circuit
changes the output voltage (signal pins), Note that in the sensor is
structured as 2 variables so it has 2 signals (Signal pins) reporting
to the ECU to increase the reliability of the sensor.
 Hall type (new generation): the gas pedal sensor is also powered
by VC (5V), and Mass, has 2 signal wires, the voltage of the 2
signal pins (Signal) sensor also changes according to the opening
of the sensor. throttle valve but based on the Hall effect principle
(there are 2 types):

* Forward type: 2 signals increase and decrease together.

* Reverse type: 1 signal up, 1 signal down.

4.2. Actuator in the electronic throttle control system ETCS-i

ETCS-i is a system that uses a computer to electrically control the


throttle opening angle. The opening angle of the accelerator pedal is
detected by the accelerator pedal position sensor which is used to
measure the opening of the accelerator pedal when the driver presses the
pedal, At this time, the signal from the accelerator pedal sensor will is
sent to the ECU and the throttle opening angle is detected by the throttle
position sensor. The ETCS-i system includes the throttle position sensor,
the engine ECU and the air throat. The throttle body consists of the
throttle body, the throttle control motor, the throttle position sensor and
other components.

As shown in the illustration, the throttle position sensor is used to detect


the opening angle of the throttle, the throttle motor returns to a fixed
position. Throttle motor adopts a direct current (DC) electric motor with
good sensitivity and low energy consumption.
The engine ECU controls the magnitude and direction of current flowing
to the throttle control motor, which rotates or holds the motor and opens
and closes the throttle a set of reduction gears. The actual throttle
opening angle is detected by a throttle position sensor and that parameter
is fed back to the engine ECU.

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