1. What is the mooring system in marigold project?

Ans: Center Mooring system in Marigold project

2. What is the direction of Marigold FPSO? How to decide direction.

3. What is the criterial of Loading arm design?

4. Type of Insulation in Piping

Ans: Majorly 3 insulations are used in piping
-Personal protection
-Hot insulation
-Cold insulation

5. What are the design criteria for compressor piping?

Ans: -Compressor Suction Piping Shall be as Short as Possible.

-Compressor Suction Piping should have Inlet Filter / Strainer. It can be Temporary or Permanent
-Suction Piping should be sloping/free draining towards Inlet Scrubber
-Suction lines require a minimum straight run of piping upstream of the suction nozzle which varies
between 3 and 8 times the normal pipe size. (Vendor requirement)
-All operating valves must be readily accessible, preferably from grade.
-All lines to the Compressor shall be provided with break-up flanges for Maintenance.
-Compressor Suction Line Flowmeter: Suction routing shall be such that Upstream and Downstream
straight lengths shall be sufficient for the performance of the Flowmeter

https://whatispiping.com/centrifugal-compressor-piping/
6. How to design pipe rack? what is the height of the rack how to decide tier in rack.

Documents Required for Pipe Rack Development

 PFD (Process Flow Diagram)

 P&ID (Piping and Instrumentation Diagram)
 Line List
 Line Routing Diagram or GAD
 Over All Plot Plan
 Unit Plot Plan
 Equipment Layout
 Piping Material Specifications
 Client Specification
 Fire-Proofing Information

Refer below link for how to consider width and height of pipe rack.

https://makepipingeasy.com/pipe-rack-design-and-calculations/

7. Tell me 10 inline piping instruments name?

Ans:Thermowell
Pressure gauge
Flow meter
Flow glass
Level gauge
Instrument Valve
Corrosion coupons
Level Indicator
Level Recorder
Level transmitter
Level alarm
Flume meter

8. what is the use of venture flow meter?

Ans: A venturi meter is used to measure the flow speed of a fluid in a pipe. The meter is connected
between two sections of the pipe the cross-sectional area A of the entrance and exit of the meter
matches the pipes cross-sectional area.

9. What is difference between Orifice and venture flow meter?

Ans: The primary difference between a venturi meter and an orifice meter can be that the venturi meter
is inflexible with the change in flow rate whereas, in the orifice meter, the orifice plate can
conveniently change as per the different flow rates. Thus, is one significant difference between the
two instruments.

10. What is the thermowell criteria? Minimum size required for Thermowell

Ans: Thermowell min 4” line size required to place thermowell

11. Which instruments you will use if line size is 1”?

12. If flange rating is high what type of protection you will use?
Ans: Isolation kit and Cathodic protection
13. For plot plan development what are the documents you required explain discipline wise.

Ans: Plot Plan development is very important to produce a safe, cost-effective operational plant. Plot
plans are developed in stages as and when updated information is available. Developing an error-
free plot plan requires knowledge of plant layout requirements, maintenance, and operational access
requirements. Various inputs are required during plot plan drawing development. Some of those
inputs are:

Mechanical Department

 Equipment list with a number designation

 Preliminary size/drawing of each piece of equipment.

Civil

 Existing site map mentioning geographic details like plant elevation datum, reference coordinates,
weather conditions, available real estate, road, railroad, river, and land contours, etc.
 Preliminary civil drawings for structures and buildings.
 Preliminary pump house, compressor house, substation, control room layout.

Process

 Process flow diagram or PFD indicating how each piece of equipment is interconnected.
 Block flow diagram indicating interconnecting lines between storage facilities, process plants, and
utility plants.
Piping Materials

 Requirement of critical piping materials.

Piping

 Preliminary pipe rack information.

 Underground facilities.

Fire and safety

 Specifications indicating clearances, spacing, access, and maintenance requirements.

Client

 Plant raw material entry.

 Approach to main plant entry.
 Prevailing wind direction.
 Product despatch and transportation.
 Utility requirements.
 Area topography contour map.
 Any client-specific requirements.
14. Explain pump piping and what is the first support in pump piping? Can we use adjustable support in
pump piping? Yes, we can use adjustable support because of installation of pump suction and
foundation of pump elevation is differ we can adjust support accordingly. So we can say for
tolerance. For pump piping refer below

https://www.pipingguide.net/2014/06/how-to-do-pump-piping-with-layout.html
15. MTO of adjustable support?
Pump adjustable support and MTO

Pump Piping Support

A piping layout engineer must be aware of some basic knowledge of stress and pipe supports to develop a
sound pump piping arrangement, so that it will not be required to redesign by a stress engineer after
finding out the piping design is not stress friendly.

Some simple rules, if followed, it will enable the designer to deliver stress friendly pump piping:

 If the suction line having an elbow, it can be supported with a dummy leg or trunnion.
 The discharge line can be supported with the pipe rack steel structure or it can be supported by
hanger or spring support as per the convenience.
 If there is a higher amount of vibration in the line then to release the stress expansion joint can be
used, but it should be avoided.
 If the pumps are located in the poor soil areas, where differential settlement may occur, the pump
foundation can be extended to support the suction line. This decision can be taken by keeping
stress and civil engineer in the loop.
 The discharge line should be supported as close as possible to the elbow, the closeness can be
defined as within 5D.
 If the line is having high pressure and temperature then adjustable support can be used to provide
flexibility.
 If the valve is too heavy then both sides of the valve resting support can be provided.
 If the discharge line is larger than 6″ then after the reducer line can be kept horizontal so that there
will ease to support and operating of both valves.

16. Pump maintenance lifting arrangement like monorail beam etc.

17. How to decide which pump need to use. Ex. Centrifugal pump or Top discharge and suction

18. Tell me about Colum piping

19. Exchanger piping

20. If you have 500 line and 20 Equipment how many designers, you required to finish the work
Ans: To complete the task I required 4 designer and one engineer
21. What you will review in 30 %, 60% and 90% with client.

Stages of Model Review:

30% Model review: Review from a plot plan point of view – location, installation, construction,
maintenance, and repair of the equipment

Major piping route indicated on PFDs/UFDs – All 10” and above Piping would be included in the 3D
model. Piping arrangement around equipment – All major Equipment connected lines would be
included in the model. Location of control valve sets, manual valve set, strainers, etc. and operation /
maintenance plan access ways would be included in the model. Maintenance plan would be
demonstrated during model review.

 60% Model review: Review from an operation point of view – process requirements, tray routes for
piping. Also, make appropriate changes from the 30% review. Major Line Routing reviewed and
finalized.

Layout - Escape and Egress, Safety Equipment, Transport and Maintenance ways, Equipment with
access ways and Platforms, Maintenance requirements and Materials Handling
The review will also consider, clearances for maintenance, secondary access/egress, operability of
valves and instruments, process requirements of piping modelled (such as no pockets and gravity flow),
required working clearances for major electrical equipment, and general constructability.
The following are examples of from the 60% Model Review readiness checklist where Customer
approval is obtained:
• Major Equipment nozzle orientations (2” and larger) including manways.
• Large bore and process critical / material critical piping
• Ladder, stairway and platform locations and orientations.
• Pipe-rack and support steel including cross bracing locations.
• Primary steel structures.
• Underground pipe routing.
• Major cable tray routings.
• Major panel and junction box locations.
 Status of Supplier Data

 90% Model Review: Overall review aimed at producing the final drawings. Make appropriate
changes from 30% and 60% Model Reviews. And Small-bore lines.

22. How to decide pipe rack height and width.

Important Points for Pipe Rack Height

 Identify the largest process or the utility lines except for the flare line.
 Line sizes can be identified using a line list or P&ID.
 Rack height is calculated considering the largest line size of the process or the utility and the same
size of the branch so that all the small branches can be accommodated in the gap between tier to
tier.
 Rack height is calculated considering branching from the bottom and top on both sides.
 The clearance below the first tier or lower pipe should be a minimum of 2.2 m as per the
headroom.
 The standard Pipe rack height for the first tier is 4.5 m.
 The standard tier to tier height is 3 m (thumb rule)
 Tier to tier distance can be calculated based on two elbows and one spool. It can also be
considered as per the operating and maintenance requirement.
 If the pipe rack crosses the road, 4.5 m minimum height required for a general vehicle.
 6 m for the truck.
  7 m for the train.
 8 m for a big crane.

23. What is the stage of deliverable if you develop any area?

First Piping Engineers produce Site Plan, then they develop the overall Plot Plan and Unit Plot Plans.
After Unit Plot Plans are in place, They develop major piping in and around equipment. They do plan
for pipe racks as well.

Deliverables of Detailed Engineering

 Equipment List.
 Process data-sheet.
 Management/review of vendor drawings.
 Thermal rating and vibration analysis of heat exchangers.
 Review of P&ID – Jointly with Client.
 Valve List
 Control valve datasheet.
 Relief valve datasheet.
 Detailed piping drawings, including isometrics and stress calculations.
 Bill of Quantity (BOQ).
 MTO (Material Take-off)
 Start-up procedures, Operating and Commissioning manuals.

24. Tell me about PSV piping how to tap in flare Hader and where you kept PSV

 (PSV) A Pressure Safety Valve, also referred to as a pop-off valve, is a type of Pressure Relieving
Device (PRD) that is used to release gases or liquids, and thus relieve pressure, in the case that
the pressure in a vessel reaches a pre-determined setpoint.

PSV always place above the flare header.

PSV line always tap in flare header in 45 degree toward flow of the header.

25. Where you route your flare, Header.

Flare header always route outside of pipe rack independently because of slope and expansion loop.

26. Where expansion loop needs to be provided in flare Header

Flare piping loop:

Expansion loop shall be provided in horizontal plane(flat loop) as per requirement to accommodate
thermal expansion. Proper thermal analysis temperature shall be established including the possibility
of temperature gradient along the line before providing expansion loops. Efforts shall be made to
minimize the number of loops.

27. What type of support you will provide in flare header?

Flare pipe Supporting:

Flare header shall be supported on shoe of height ranging from 100mm to 300mm. Flare line between
knock out drum and water seal drum shall be designed for pressure fluctuations and adequately
supported to avoid vibrations. Flare piping to offsite shall be provided with guide support on all around
the pipe to prevent it falling off from the flare trestles.
28. How you give slope in flare header and how much?

Minimum slope of the flare header shall be 1 :450 (per API 521)

Flare header shall be sloped towards flare knock-out drum. The desired slope shall be ensured
throughout including flat loop.

29. Which loop you will give in flare header?

Only 2d loop are allow in flare header

30. What is blowdown system?

Blowdown System
Liquid-phase blowdown system piping connected to a closed system shall be self draining to the
blowdown drum. Closed blowdown header shall be sloped towards the CBD drum to ensure free
drainage. Blow down facilities / buried drum should be located at one corner of the plant farthest from
furnace or any fired equipment and on the lee-ward side of the unit. Vent from Blow down facility shall
be minimum 6 m above the highest equipment falling with in radius of 15 m from the vent.

31. Can you draw cross section of pipe rack.

32. What quantum of work you handle like how many lines equipment modeling and deliverable.
I am handling 600 lines ,12 equipment and tie-in package verification activity with 8 designers

33. What is the min and max shoe height in piping

34. How many types of KOD drum in oil and gas.
Horizonal KOD and Vertical KOD

35. How to decide KOD drum elevation.

Ans: Based on the Pump NPSH requirement decide to elevation of KOD drum

36. What is free drain, and no pocket can you draw.

1. Free Draining - Any such line with this note needs to "step" down from the high point to a lower point i.e:
it would leave the origin point and then drop down then (possibly) run horizontal then maybe drop down
then enter the destination point. The line does not need to be sloped but it must not be pocketed.

2. Sloped - Sloped means just that it must be sloped. However the Process Engineer must include the
required slope angle.

3. No-Pocket - This is sometimes misunderstood and applies to almost every line in a process plant except
lines in a pipe rack with loops. A "No-Pocket" or Do-Not-Pocket" line can leave vessel "A" and go up then
horizontal then up again then horizontal then down to vessel "B" or to an exchanger. But it cannot go up
then down then up then down, this would create pockets

37. Which standard need to be use for equipment spacing in equipment layout.
OISD (Oil Industry Safety Directorate) standard we are refereeing for spacing between equipment in
equipment layout

1. What is the standard code use to place pump.

API 610 use for centrifugal pump
2. What is gas dehydration?

Gas dehydration is a process of extracting moisture out of natural gas and gaseous mixtures. It often
precedes either a pipeline transportation of gas or a low temperature based gas processing.

3. what is gas compression?

4. Oil processing.

5. power generation
6. Main separation, Gas water oil.

38. ASME standard

ASME B36. 19 applies to stainless steel, duplex, and nickel alloy pipes (like A312, A790, A928, B161, etc)

ASME B36.10 applies to carbon steel pipe

ASME B16.9 Butt-Welding Pipe Fittings

ASME B16.20 / API 601 for gasket material

ASME B16.5 for flanges

ASME B16.10 face to face and end to end dimension of valves

ASME B16.47 series A and Series B for above 24” size

ASME B16.11 Threaded fitting