RESEARCH

REPORT
What is a Research Report?
➢Research report is a systematic
presentation of a research work usually
presented in written form.
➢It is a way to communicate research
findings and preserves it for future
reference.
➢It is a scholarly work and not just a
collection of notes lifted from many
different sources and strung together, one
after the other.
Components of a research report:
✓ Title - It reflects the content and emphasis
of the project described in the report.
Similarly, it should be as short as possible,
including essential key words.
✓ Abstract - It is an overview of the research
study. Think of it as an executive and
technical summary that gathers the key
elements of the remaining sections into a
few sentences.
Components of a research report:
✓ Introduction - It provides the key question
that the researcher is attempting to answer
and a review of any literature that is
relevant.
❑ In addition, the researcher will provide a
rationale of why the research is important
and will present a hypothesis that attempts
to answer the key question. Lastly, it should
contain a summary of the key question
following the completion of the research.
Components of a research report:
✓ Methodology - This is arguably the most important
section for two reasons:
❑ (1) it allows readers to evaluate the quality of the
research, and
❑ (2) it provides the details by which another
researcher may replicate and validate the
findings.
Typically, the information in the methodology section
is arranged in chronological order with the most
important information on top of each section.
Components of a research report:

✓ Results - In longer research papers, the

results section contains the data and
perhaps a short introduction. Ideally, the
interpretation of the data and the analysis is
reserved for the discussion section.
Components of a research report:

✓ Discussion - This section is where the results

of the study are interpreted and evaluated
against the existing body or literature. In
addition, should there be any anomalies
found in the results, this is where the authors
point them out. Finally, it is an attempt to
connect the results to the bigger picture
and show how the results might be applied.
How do you format a research report

✓ There is no one best format for all reports for

a format depends on several relevant
variables. You must employ a suitable
format to create a desirable impression with
clarity.
✓ While you should write systematically, you
must use the format (or often called
structure) that best fits the needs and wants
of its readers.
Example:
 PROJECT
PROPOSAL
What is a Project Proposal?
➢Project proposals are documents that are
written for problem solving, service
provision, event planning, or equipment
selling.

➢Proposals are usually written in response

to Request for Proposal (RFP), which
funding agencies send out.
➢Project proposal stands out depending
on its ability to clearly answer questions
about:
✓ what is being proposed;
✓ how the plan will be carried out;
✓ when it will be implemented; and
✓ how much money will be needed or
spent.
➢Project proposal are persuasive
documents that need to do the following:
✓ highlight reader benefits;
✓ prove your credibility in carrying out
the project; and
✓ allow the reader to respond easily.
Formatting the Project Proposal

➢Regardless of their purpose and

audience, they have standard parts
such as the following:
1. Introduction. This part provides the background
necessary for understanding the project, which is
done by telling your reader the following:
❑ Rationale - This identifies the problem to be addressed and
shows the need to solve it.
❑ Objectives - These reveal what the project intends to
achieve in terms of results. It also gives the reader an idea of
the intended solution. Good objectives are SMART (Specific,
Measurable, Attainable, Results-oriented, and bound within
a realistic Time frame).
❑ Benefits - these show what the reader or the target
audience can gain from the proposal, which may be
improvements in processes or systems, an increase in
revenue, or a change in behavior of the beneficiaries of the
proposal.
2. Project Description. This section gives specific
information about the project itself. It indicates how
the project will address the identified problem through
the following parts:

❑ Methodology – This entails the different activities; the project

will take on, including the manpower (i.e., the people
involved and their duties), resources to be utilized and the
expanded output.
❑ Schedule - This discusses the task duration and expected
start and end dates of each activity in the project.
❑ Budget - This presents an analysis of all the costs anticipated
in the project, which can be itemized or shown as a whole,
depending on the needs of the project.
Note: Organizations usually provide
interested parties with a required
format for project proposals, so make
sure that you follow the prescribed
format. (Brighthubpm 2009)
Guidelines in Writing the Proposal
1. Gathering the Data.
✓ One of the characteristics of an effective
proposal is being well- researched.
✓ It needs concrete data to back up its
claims so it can become more credible.
✓ You can gather data from primary and
secondary sources and apply the
strategies that you learned in writing a
research paper in the previous lessons.
2. Organizing the Data.

✓ A proposal becomes more effective if the

information on it is clearly organized.
✓ You can use the parts of the proposal to
guide you in your organization or use an
outline to structure your discussion more
effectively.
3. Writing the Proposal.
✓ Fill out the parts of the proposal with the
relevant data.
4. Revising the Proposal.
✓ Make sure to review your proposal for
accuracy and organization before you
send it out.
✓ A good proposal will be comprehensive
and will put your organization in the best
light.
I. Basic Information
NAME OF PROJECT Gulayan sa Paaralan Project (GPP)
MUNICIPALITY Tagbina
PROPOSED Department of Education [DepEd]
IMPLEMENTATING (In cooperation with other concerned government
NATIONAL agencies)
GOVERNMENT
AGENCY
To improve and increase vegetable production and
consumption by teaching the learners the methods of
sustainable production of food which are applicable
to their homes and important for household security. It
OBJECTIVES
also aims to establish school gardens to serve as main
source of food to sustain supplementary feeding. It
also showcase small-scale production models in
schools to be replicated in the household
 School Garden, Gardening Tools, and
TARGET PHYSICAL
Data/Records on Health and Nutritional Status of
OUTPUTS
the Learners
In ALL barangays and sitios within the
LOCATION OF PROJECTS
municipality of Tagbina
Tagbina I District – 24 Public Elementary Schools
TARGET BENEFECIARIES
Tagbina II – 15 Public Elementary Schools
[indicate barangays
Cluster VII Secondary School – 7 Public
and/or sitios]
Secondary Schools
BUDGET

Requested from National Php 391,000.00

Government
LGU Counter part 69,000.00

TOTAL Php 460,000.00

II. Project Rationale and Objectives
Most of the learners in many places in our country belong to
poor families and have a greater possibility of dropping out in their
basic education because of hunger and malnutrition in school and
besides, need to help their parents earn a living. Furthermore, he
health and nutrition of these learners are crucial factors affecting
their academic performance. Hence, our government must
address this immortal educational issue once and for all.
For this reason, let us educate the learners about the methods of
sustainable food production such as vegetable production and
consumption, which are applicable to their homes and important
for household security. Furthermore, this will also teach them the
following:
 • improving nutritional status,
• learning where food comes from,
• promoting beautification,
• watershed education,
• producing food,
• stimulating creativity,
• encouraging leadership and service, and
• changing family home food habits.

These livelihood skills that the learners will acquire from the
school can also be applied and replicated in their respective
households. Thus, by making foods more accessible to all schools,
which will certainly improve the health and nutritional status of the
learners through this sustainable School Feeding Program, our
government can better ensure their success.
III. Project Description
One of the thrusts of the Department of Education [DepEd] is to
strengthen and intensify the implementation of the Gulayan sa
Paaralan Project [GPP] in all public elementary and secondary
schools to serve as food basket and have a ready source of
vegetables for the schools' supplementary feeding program.
According to the report of the Nutrition and Health Council,
hunger and malnutrition are two main problems that affect 19% or
3,268,000 families out of the 17,400,000 families/households in the
country due to lack of food to eat or money to buy food.
Meanwhile, our government is now strengthening the
implementation of school- community food production under this
program which shall be tied up with other concerned agencies
that seek to:
a. raise the level of public consciousness on the health and
nutritional dimensions as well as economic benefits of
establishing school, households, and community garden;
b. establish school gardens to serve as the food basket/main
source to sustain supplementary feeding;
c. intensify the production and consumption of vegetables and
fruits;
d. showcase small-scale food production models in schools for the
household/ community to replicate purposely to promote family
and food security; and
e. inculcate among the school learners the values of good health
and nutrition, industry, love of labor, and caring for others.
 The GPP shall be implemented in all public elementary and
secondary schools with ample and limited areas within the
municipality of Tagbina using the organic gardening
technologies like bio-intensive gardening. The said schools will
be provided with gardening tools and vegetable seedlings. In
line with this program, a GPP Task Force or Committee will be
the one to conduct the advocacy, orientation, and
distribution of materials, monitoring, and evaluation. There
must be a seminar-workshop that will be conducted prior to
the distribution of gardening tools and vegetables seedlings to
ensure that everything is in accordance with the scope of this
program and, above all, for effective implementation.
 The school administrators/school heads of both elementary
and secondary public schools within the municipality of
Tagbina, including their respective teachers, School PTA
(Parent-Teacher Association) Officers and Members, School
Governing Council Members, Barangay Council Members, or
Sitio Officials, as part of their moral obligation, must
spearhead the implementation of this GPP program. The
source of funds of this program must come from the National
Government (85%) and Local Government (15%) as part of
the Poverty and Hunger Alleviation Program of the
government.
Finally, it is expected that the school administrators
involved in this program must submit quarterly narrative
reports of this program to the GPP Task Force and to
their respective school's district or cluster nurses, which
eventually will be forwarded also to the Office of the
DepEd-Secretary Attn: Health and Nutrition Center,
DepEd Complex, Pasig City.
IV. Project Budget

MOOE CAPITAL
BUDGET ITEM TOTAL BUDGET
(From the LGU) OUTLAY

Php 69,000.00 Php 460,000.00

Gardening tools
and vegetable
seedlings in
every school,
both elementary
and Seconday
Position
Paper
Position Paper
➢is a composition that highlights an
opinion of an author or specified
entity about an issue.

➢it presents one side of an arguable

opinion and persuades the readers or
audience that the author has a well-
founded knowledge about the issue.
Goals in writing a position paper:

➢state and defend your position on

the issue
➢show how your stance relates to
other position

Note: Do remember that arguments

should be supported with reasons and
evidence?
Writing Center of the University of Hawaii, stated
that in choosing the issue or problem to be
discussed, you may ask yourself the following
questions as issue criteria to ensure that you will
be able to present a strong argument:
1. Is it the actual and real issue?
2. Can you clearly identify two positions?
3. Are you an advocate of one of these
positions?
4. Is the issue narrow enough to be
manageable?
After choosing the argument to take, you must
present relevant supporting evidence like:

1. Factual knowledge, which are valid and verifiable

information
2. Statistical inferences, which are conclusions drawn
from data gathered
3. Informed opinions, which are based on knowledge
of the facts and carefully considered principle, and
rely on evidence instead of limited personal
experience
4. Personal testimony, which are personal or first-hand
experience of the writer or knowledgeable part
Components of a position paper:

I. The Introduction – identifies the issue

that will be discussed and states the
author’s position statement or stand
on that issue.
A. Introduce your topic with
background information
B. Build up your thesis statement
which asserts your position
Components of a position paper:

II. The Body – contains the central

argument and can be further broken
up into sections:
A. Possible objections to your position
(counter argument)
B. A discussion of both sides of the issue,
which addresses and refutes
arguments that contradict the
author’s position (your argument)
Components of a position paper:

C. Explain that your position is still the

best one, despite the strength of
counterarguments. This is where you
can work to discredit some of the
counterarguments and support your
own.
Components of a position paper:

III. Conclusion – restating the key points

and when applicable, suggest
resolution to the issue (Thoughtco
2020).
A. restate your position
B. provide Plan of Action