Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE

Last Assignment for

PRC-04
(Introduction to Accounting)
January 2024 Attempt

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Chapter 1; Accounting Fundamentals
1) A businessman purchased a vehicle for his private use by drawing cash from
business. This transaction is related to which of the following concept?
a) Business entity concept b) Matching concept
c) Consistency concept d) Prudence concept.
2) International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are issued by:
a) International Accounting b) Generally Accepted Accounting
Standard Board. (IASB) Principles Board. (GAAP)
c) International Accounting d) Financial Accounting Standards
Standards Committee Board
3) IFRS means
a) Internal Financial Reporting b) International Final Reporting
Standards Standards.
c) Initial Finance Reporting d) International Financial
standards Reporting standards
4) Started business without any investment is a business transaction?
a) True b) False
5) The main sources of GAAPs in Pakistan are:
a) Company Act 2017 b) IFRS
c) Both a and b d) None of these
6) 30% of the total assets of Akbar Merchant have been financed by Liabilities. The
total liabilities of the business are Rs. 600,000. What is the amount of owners’
equity?
a) Rs. 1,800,000 b) Rs. 2,000,000
c) Rs. 2,600,000 d) Rs. 1,400,000
7) At year end 31 December 2022, capital of a business was Rs. 40,000 Rs. During the
year assets increased by Rs. 20,000 and liabilities increased by Rs. 10,000. You are
required to determine the capital of the business at the start of year i.e 1 January
2022
a) Rs 30,000 b) Rs 70,000
c) Rs 10,000 d) Rs 60,000
8) Which of the following is/ are correct?
1. Goods taken by owner from business reduce the equity.
2. Expenses paid by business reduces the equity
a) Only 1 b) Only 2
c) Both are correct d) None is correct

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
9) Which of the following is/ are correct?
1. Goods taken by owner from business reduce the equity.
2. Personal Expenses of owner paid by business reduces the equity
a) Only 1 b) Only 2
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
10) Definition of asset include
a) Unearned revenue b) Benefit in future
c) Something owed by business d) Accrued expenses
11) Which of the following about current liability is correct?
a) Something owed by the business to someone else.
b) Someone who owes money to business for goods purchased on credit
c) An amount that has to be paid in short term (within 1 year)
12) Total assets of a business will change as a result of:
1. Credit Purchases
2. Cash Purchases
a) Only 1 is correct b) Only 2 is correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
13) Equity will _______ as a result of decrease in assets or increase in liability.
a) Increase b) Decrease
14) Which of the following is/ are correct?
1. The owner’s investment in business is a liability for the business
2. The withdrawal of cash by owner is expense according to business.
a) Both are correct. b) None is correct
c) Only 1 d) Only 2
15) Which of these TWO transactions would cause immediate change in equity:
a) Delivery truck bought on credit b) Borrowing from bank @12%
c) Repayment of loan from d) Write down of inventory from
personal cash to save interest cost to its NRV
expense.
16) Which two of the following transactions will affect the assets and liabilities of the
business at the same time?
a) Purchase of office furniture on b) Credit sale of inventory
credit
c) Receipt of cash from customer d) Repayment of principal amount
of a loan
17) Which of the following statements will not have an impact on business?
1. Goods purchased on cash were returned to the supplier.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 2. Owner purchased furniture for personal use on personal credit.
a) Only 1 b) Only 2
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
18) Which of the following is/ are correct?
1. Credit entries decrease liabilities and increase income.
2. Credit entries decrease expenses and increase assets
a) Both are correct b) None is correct
c) Only 1 d) Only 2
19) What is the difference between net asset and total asset?
Total Assets= equity + total Liabilities
Net Asset= Total Assets – Total liabilities = equity
20) Equity is also called?
a) Net income b) Total assets
c) Net assets d) All of these
21) What are the generally accepted accounting principles in Pakistan?
a) IFRSs b) Companies Act 2017.
c) Both a and b d) None of these
22) Son received money Rs 1,000,000 from his father. Is this a business transaction?
a) Yes b) No
23) Equity is residual interest in the assets of business after deducting current liabilities.
Is this definition correct?
a) Yes b) No
24) Increase in liability and increase in capital results in
a) Asset Increase b) Assets Decrease
c) No impact d) None of these.
25) Which of the following elements have same nature?
a) Assets and liabilities b) Capital and liabilities
c) Assets and capital d) Capital and expenses
26) An asset was purchased for Rs. 1,000,000 with the down payment of Rs. 200,000
and bills accepted for Rs. 800,000/-.
What would be the effect on the total asset and total liabilities in the statement of
financial position?
a) Assets increased by Rs.800,000 and liabilities decreased by Rs.800,000
b) Assets decreased by Rs.800,000 and liabilities increased by Rs.800,000
c) Assets increased by Rs.1,000,000 and liabilities increased by Rs.800,000
d) Assets increased by Rs.800,000 and liabilities increased by Rs.800,000

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
27) If during an accounting period assets increased by Rs. 7 million and owners’ equity
decreased by Rs 3 million, then liabilities must have
a) Increased by Rs 10 million b) Increased by Rs 4 million
c) decreased by Rs 4 million d) decreased by Rs 10 million
28) If during an accounting period assets increased by Rs. 410,000 and liabilities
increased by Rs. 920,000, then owner’s equity must have
a) Increased by Rs 1,330,000 b) Increased by Rs 510,000
c) decreased by Rs 510,000 d) decreased by Rs 1,330,000
29) The owner contributes his personal car to the business
a) Increase an asset, increase a b) Decrease an asset, decrease a
liability. liability.
c) Increase an asset, increase d) Decrease an asset, decrease
owner's equity owner's equity
30) What is consistency basis in accounting?
Answer: In accounting, consistency requires that a company's financial
statements follow the same accounting principles, methods, practices and
procedures from one accounting period to the next. This allows the readers of the
financial statements to make meaningful comparisons between years.
31) Which of the following is business transaction?
a) Electricity bill paid of owner house. b) Wages being paid by cash
c) Hiring of salesman for business d) Selection of better quality
material for business
32) If we pay our supplier by bank overdraft, then it is
a) Decrease in asset and increase in b) Decrease in asset and decrease
liability in liability
c) Decrease in liability and d) Increase in liability and increase
increase in another liability in another liability
33) Which of the following is business transaction?
a) Electricity bill paid of owner house. b) Payment to supplier and
electricity bill of factory
c) Hiring of salesman for business d) Selection of better quality
material for business
34) Which of the following is NOT a business transaction?
a) Interest charged by bank on b) Appointment of worker at
overdraft. 20,000 wage per month
c) Payment to supplier and electricity d) Wages being paid by cash
bill of factory

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
35) Which of the following is NOT a business transaction?
a) Incurring interest on business loan b) Purchasing office supplies
c) Hiring a new employee d) Receiving fees for services.
36) Purchase of machinery for cash
a) Increase total assets b) Decrease total assets
c) Increases assets and liabilities d) Keeps total assets unchanged
37) Investment of cash into business results in.
a) Increase in cash and decrease in b) Increase in cash and increase
capital. in capital.
c) Increase in fees earned and an d) Decrease in cash and an
increase in capital. increase in capital.
38) Services rendered for cash will result in a/an
a) Increase in cash and a decrease b) Increase in cash and an
in capital. increase in fees earned.
c) Decrease in cash and an increase d) Increase in fees earned and an
in fees earned. decrease in capital.
39) What is the objective of accounting?
Answer
the main objective of financial accounting is to accurately prepare an organization's
financial accounts for a specific period, otherwise known as financial statements.
Other objectives are as follows
 The following are the main objectives of accounting:
 To maintain full and systematic records of business transactions:
 To ascertain profit or loss of the business:
 To depict financial position of the business:
 To provide accounting information to the interested parties:
40) What is materiality concept?
Answer
Materiality concept in accounting refers to the concept that all the material items should
be reported properly in the financial statements. Material items are considered as those
items whose inclusion or exclusion results in significant changes in the decision making
for the users of business information.
41) Which of the following explains why lenders are interested in financial statements of
a business?
a) Lender need information about b) Lender need information about
financial stability of business. profitability of business.
c) Lenders want to assess the d) All of these

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 entity’s capacity to pay interest
and repay loan on time.
42) Which of the following best describes a liability?
a) Someone who owes money to the b) A transaction to purchase goods
business for goods purchased on to be paid for immediate
credit. payment.
c) An amount owed by the d) All of these
business
43) What is the use of financial statements to lenders?
a) They need information about the financial stability and profitability.
b) They need to access the continuing ability of the borrower to pay
interest, and its ability to repay the loan principal at maturity.
c) They can use the financial statements to access how much credit they might
safely allow to the entity.
d) They might use this information for the purpose of business regulation or
deciding taxation policies.
44) Income arises from increase in assets or decrease in a liability resulting in:
a. Decrease in equity other than contribution from owner
b. Increase in equity other than contribution from owner
c. Increase in equity including contribution from owner
d. Decrease in equity including contribution from owner

45) Which two of the following would be considered as business transaction?

a. Business paid the electricity bill of previous year
b. Owner received the electricity bill of the owner residence
c. Owner paid the electricity bill of the owner residence from personal cash
d. Business received electricity bill of office premises which will be paid in
next year

46) Which two of the following would be considered as business transaction?

1. Bank set the limit of overdraft of Rs 10 million
2. Interest charged by bank on overdraft.
a) Both are correct b) None is correct
c) Only 1 d) Only 2
47) Which TWO of the following are not part of a complete set of the financial
statement?
a) Notes to financial statement b) Statement of financial position
c) Director report d) Auditor report

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
48) Which TWO of the following are not part of a complete set of the financial
statement?
a) Statement of cash flows b) Statement of financial position
c) Income tax return d) Auditor report

49) Total assets of a business would be charged as a result of:

a) Non-current assets being b) A supplier balance being paid in
purchased on cash cheque
c) Wages being paid in cash d) Non-current assets being
purchased on credit
50) A business commenced with capital in cash of Rs. 150,000. Inventory of Rs 100,000
was purchased for cash and half of inventory was sold at a mark-up of 20% on
credit. Furniture of Rs. 40,000 was purchased on credit. What will be accounting
equation (A-L=C) after these transactions.
a) Rs. 190,000 - Rs. 40,000 = Rs. 150,000 b) Rs. 200,000-Rs 40,000=Rs 160,000
c) Rs. 150,000-Rs 40,000=Rs 110,000 d) Rs160,000-Rs 40,000=Rs 120,000
51) If during the accounting period, the assets increased by Rs. 7 million, and the
owner’s equity decreased by Rs. 3 million, then the liabilities must have:
a) Increased by 10 million b) Increased by 4 million
c) Decreased by 4 million d) Decreased by 10 million
52) If during the accounting period, the assets increased by Rs. 6 million, and the
liabilities are increased by Rs. 4 million, then the owners’ equity must have:
a) Increased by 2 million b) Increased by 10 million
c) Decreased by 2 million d) Decreased by 10 million
53) A liability is classified as current liability of it is paid:
a) Within one year or normal b) Within one year or normal
operating cycle, whichever is operating cycle, whichever is
longer shorter
c) Out of current assets d) Out of non-current assets
54) Which of the following statements is correct?
a) Directors of a company are b) A sole trader business is owned
personally liable for any losses of by shareholders and operated by
the company the proprietor

c) Partners are liable for losses in a d) A company is run by directors

partnership equally regardless of on behalf of shareholders
their profit-sharing ratio

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
55) Which of the following statement is correct?
(I) Directors are responsible for preparation of financial statements of a company
for public disclosure.
(II) Partners are required to prepare financial statements of a partnership for
public disclosure.
a) Only I b) Only II
c) Both are correct d) Both incorrect.
56) International Financial Reporting Standards are issued by:
a) Financial Accounting Standards b) International Accounting
Board Standards Board

c) International Accounting d) Generally Accepted Accounting

Standards Committee Principles Board

57) An item can be converted easily into cash. In which section of the statement of
financial position would this item appear?
a) non-current assets b) current liabilities
c) current assets d) capital
58) A liability is classified as current liability if it is paid;
a) Out of current assets b) Within 1 year or normal
operating cycle whichever is
longer
c) Out of non-current assets d) Within 1 year or normal operating
cycle whichever is shorter
59) A liability is classified as current liability if it is paid;
a) It will be paid out of current assets b) within 1 year or normal
operating cycle whichever is
longer
c) If the entity has a right to defer d) Within 1 year or normal operating
settlement of the liability for at cycle whichever is shorter
least 12 months.
60) Income arises from increase in assets or decrease in a liability resulting in:
a) Decrease in equity other than b) Increase in equity other than
contribution from owner. contribution from owner.
c) Increase in equity including d) Decrease in equity including
contribution from owner. contribution from owner.
61) Net assets (Assets – Liabilities) of a business would be changed as a result of:
a) Non-current assets being b) A supplier balance being paid in
purchased on cash cheque
c) Wages being paid in cash d) Non-current assets being

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 purchased on credit
62) The Capital of a business would be changed as a result of:
a) Non-current assets being b) A supplier balance being paid in
purchased on cash cheque
c) Wages being paid in cash d) Non-current assets being
purchased on credit
63) International Financial Reporting Standards are issued by:
a) Financial Accounting Standards b) International Accounting
Board Standards Board.
c) International Accounting Standards d) Generally Accepted Accounting
Committee Principles Board
64) The cost of a wastebasket having an estimated useful life of 5 years is charged off
as an expense upon purchase. This is an example of the application of the:
a) Consistency b) matching principle.
c) materiality concept d) historical cost principle
65) the matching principal:
a) determine whether an item is an asset or liability
b) addresses the relationship b/w the accounting database and balance sheet
c) requires that the amount of assets equals the amount of liabilities in the
balance sheet
d) determines that expenses related to revenue are to be reported in the
period when the revenue is recognised.
66) which of the following users has much more detailed information of an entity than the
information provided in financial statements?
a) Investor and potential investor b) Lenders
c) Management d) Debtors
67) Who is an external user of financial statements?
a) Shareholders b) CEO
c) Manager d) Creditor
68) What is the common characteristic of all the assets owned by a company?
a) Intangible b) Long Life
c) Future Economic Benefits d) None of the above
69) What causes the decrease in Assets?
a) Cash Purchases b) creation of a Liabilities
c) Payment of Expenses d) Increase Retained Earnings
70) What cause an increases in the Assets & Equity?
a) Introduction of Fresh Capital b) Debts paid off
c) payment of expenses d) None of the above

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
71) What is a compound entry?
a) An entry involving more than two b) Accounting entry in which just one
accounts. account is debited and one is
credited.
c) An accounting entry in which there d) Entry that is used to record an
is more than one debit, more than interest transaction in the accounting
one credit, or more than one of records of a business.
both debits and credits.
72) Among these statements which one is incorrect regarding journal entry?
a) The debited account titles are listed b) Journal entries show the effects of
first transactions
c) Each journal entry should begin with d) Journal entries provide account
a date balances
73) The conventions, concepts, rules, and procedures that together make up accepted
accounting practice at any given time are called
a) AICPA b) GAAP
c) CAPA d) None of the above
74) ____ is an increase in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of
inflows or enhancements of assets or a decrease in liabilities, thereby increasing
equity and net worth.
a) Income b) Equity
c) Expenses d) None
75) The correct form of accounting equation is
a) Assets + Liabilities = Equity b) Assets - Liabilities = Equity
c) Assets - Receivable = Equity d) Assets + Receivable = Equity
76) Which of the following have effect on both assets and owners’ equity at the same
time?
a) Cash received by Credit b) Cash received by Cash sales
customers
c) Obtained a bank loan d) Owner introduced some cash
to the business
77) In which of the following case both transactions would decrease owner’s equity?
a) Purchase of an asset on credit. Payment of liabilities
b) Purchase of assets Payment of expenses
c) Distribution of assets to owner Payment of expenses
d) Payment of liabilities Sale of goods
78) Another name of capital is:
a) Owner’s equity b) Net assets
c) Both a and b d) None of these

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
79) Which of the following is a business transaction?
(I) A person starts his business for Rs. 100,000 who has taken from his father.
(II) A purchase order is sent for delivery of goods within a week time
a) Only I b) Only II
c) Both are correct d) Both incorrect.
80) Which of the following is/are correct?
(I) Bookkeeping is broader term than accounting
(II) Double entry bookkeeping is used to record dual aspect of transactions.
a) Only I b) Only II
c) Both d) None
81) Double entry accounting system can be applied in _______.
a) Cash basis accounting b) Accrual basis accounting
c) Both cash and accrual basis d) None of cash and accrual basis
accounting accounting.
82) Which of the following is/are correct?
(I) Accounting is broader term than Bookkeeping
(II) bookkeeping and accounting are two different but inter-connected functions.
a) Only I b) Only II
c) Both d) None
83) Which of the following is a business transaction?
(I) Bank set the limit of overdraft of Rs 10 million
(II) Interest charged by bank on overdraft
a) Only I is correct b) Only II correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
84) Which TWO of the following are business transactions?
a) A businessman purchased a vehicle for his private use, however he also
uses it for coming to office.
b) Furniture and fixtures laying in the office were destroyed in fire. Furniture
was owned by one of the partner and it was not in the use of business.
c) Electricity bill of one of firm’s partners was paid from business cash.
d) The proprietor provides a generator to office. It is presently not working
and it would have to be repaired before it can be used.
85) Drawing is a concept of:
a) Business entity b) Matching
c) Prudence d) Materiality
86) The matching concepts matches
a) assets and liabilities b) income with expenses
c) expenses with capital d) capital with reserves

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
87) Which one of the following statement is correct?
(A) All revenues are income but all incomes are not revenue
(B) Distribution of profit is also expense as it decreases the asset of business.
a) Only A b) only B
c) both statements are correct d) no statement is correct
88) Mr. A, the owner of the business, withdraws cash of Rs. 100,000. What is the effect
of this transaction?
a) Decrease in capital and b) Decrease in an asset and
decrease in an asset increase in another asset
c) Decrease in capital and increase d) Decrease in liability and decrease
in an liability in asset
89) Which of the following is correct?
(I) Asset is an economic resource controlled by an entity
(II) Equity is residual interest deducting current liabilities
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Only (I) is correct b) None if correct
c) Both are correct d) Only (II) is correct
90) Which of the following statements are correct?
(I) Credit entries decrease liabilities and increase income.
(II) Credit entries decrease expenses and increase assets.
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Only (I) is correct b) None is correct
c) Both are correct d) Only (II) is correct
91) Which TWO of the following take interest in Financial statements of a Business?
a) Investors (shareholders) b) Relatives of Directors
c) Journalists d) Lenders
92) Which of the following entries will decrease owner’s equity?
a) Payment of expenses b) Payment of assets on credit.
Payment of assets Payment of liabilities
c) Repayment of loan d) Distribution by owners prepaid
Payment of liabilities expenses.
93) Which TWO of the following will have effect on assets and liabilities?
a) Purchase of asset on credit b) Payment of loan in cash
c) Credit sale of inventory d) Receipt from customers.
94) Which TWO of the following will have effect on assets and liabilities at the same
time?
a) Purchase of office furniture on b) Repayment of principal amount
credit of loan.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 c) Credit sale of inventory d) Receipt of cash from customers.
95) Which of the following correctly describe a liability?
a) A transaction to sell goods to be b) A transaction to purchase goods
paid at a later date for immediate payment
c) Someone who owes money to d) An amount owed by the
business for goods purchased on business
credit
96) What will define balance sheet?
a) Financial position of entity at b) Financial position of entity of
last day of financial year. complete year.
c) Financial statements of entity of d) Financial statement of entity at
complete year. last day of financial year.
97) Which of the following will capitalize the cost of vehicle?
a) Engine Repair b) Filling of petrol
c) Replacement of tyres d) Replacement of engine oil
98) Which of the following should not be capitalized?
a) Monthly electricity bill b) Replacement of vehicle engine
c) Cost of alteration in office van to d) Carriage paid on purchase of
increase capacity plant
99) Rent earned from the personal property of Mr. Sanitizer (Owner of business) is
included in Business’ statement of profit or loss.
Above statement is violation of which of the following Accounting Concept?
a) Materiality Concept b) Prudence Concept
c) Business Entity Concept d) Matching Concept
100) Inventory at year-end should be valued at FIFO instead of weighted average
basis as this would result in higher profit.
Above statement is violation of which of the following Accounting Concept?
a) Materiality Concept b) Prudence Concept
c) Business Entity Concept d) Consistency Basis Concept
101) Cost of repair and maintenance of the office building should be capitalised as the
cost incurred in the current year is higher as compared to last years.
Above statement is violation of which of the following Accounting Concept?
a) b)
c) d)
102) Which of the following statements are correct as regards to Decrease in Owners’
Equity?
(I) Goods given to Owner of the Business

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 (II) Expenses Paid by Business
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Only (I) is correct b) None is correct
c) Both are correct d) Only (II) is correct
103) Another name of equity is:
a) Net assets b) Owner’s capital
c) Both a and b d) None of these
104) Decrease in Asset might result in:
a) Decrease in liability b) Decrease in equity
c) Increase in another asset d) All options are correct
105) Increase in Asset and decrease in Capital will ________ liabilities
a) Increase b) Decrease
106) Sales invoice are issued for
a) Payment Request to customer b) Goods Sold
c) Goods Received d) Sale return
107) A customer return goods worth 2.5 million which have sale price of 3.2 million.
What is the impact of above transaction on capital and assets?
Capital Assets
a) Increase by 3.2 million Increase by 3.2 million
b) Decrease by 3.2 million Increase by 3.2 million
c) Decrease by 0.7 million Decrease by 2.5 million
d) Decrease by 0.7 million Decrease by 0.7 million
108) Stocks costing Rs. 80,000 were sold to customers at a margin of 20% on sales.
70% of the sales were made to customers on one month’s credit and the balance on
cash.
Capital Assets
a) Increase by Rs 16,000 Increase by Rs. 16,000
b) Decrease by Rs 80,000. Increase by Rs 80,000
c) Increase by Rs. 20,000. Increase by Rs 20,000.
d) Decrease by Rs 56,000 Decrease by Rs 56,000
109) Expenses are recognized on the basis of a direct association between the costs
incurred and the earning of specific items of income.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statements is based

e) Prudence f) Accruals
g) Matching h) Materiality
110) Accounting policies in use are applied from one period to the next.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statements is based

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 a) Prudence b) Accruals
c) Matching d) Consistency
111) Overstating assets/income and understating liabilities/expenses are avoided.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statements is based

a) Prudence b) Accruals
c) Matching d) Consistency
112) Revenue and other income are recognised when these are earned, irrespective
of the date of receipt.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Prudence b) Accruals
c) Matching d) Consistency
113) Any information, omitting or misstating of which could influence a decision of a
user of the financial statements, is disclosed.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Materiality b) Accruals
c) Matching d) Consistency
114) Cost of sales is recorded in the period in which sales is recorded.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Materiality b) Accruals
c) Matching d) Consistency
115) Costs are charged in the period in which benefits are received.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Materiality b) Accruals
c) Matching d) Consistency
116) Use of same cost formula for stock valuation which was used in the previous
period.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Prudence b) Accruals
c) Matching d) Consistency
117) Provision for doubtful debts
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Prudence b) Accruals
c) Matching d) Consistency

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118) Inventory valuation at lower of cost and net realisable value.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Prudence b) Accruals
c) Matching d) Consistency
119) Purchases are recorded although suppliers are yet to be paid.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Prudence b) Accruals
c) Matching d) Consistency
120) Sales are recorded although cash their-against is yet to be received from the
customers.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Prudence b) Accruals
c) Matching d) Consistency
121) Fixed assets below a certain limit, are charged to profit and loss account
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Materiality b) Accruals
c) Matching d) Consistency
122) Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Matching b) Consistency
c) Historical cost d) Accruals
123) Items of capital nature, costing less than Rs. 1,000 are charged to cost.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Materiality b) Consistency
c) Historical cost d) Accruals
124) Nothing material is left out that would be vital to investors or other users in
assessing the underlying events and conditions of the business.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Materiality b) Consistency
c) Historical cost d) Completeness
125) Whether the item in question affects decision of the users of the financial
statements or not?
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Materiality b) Consistency

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 c) Historical cost d) Completeness
126) A company is separate and distinct from its owners.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Materiality b) Consistency
c) Business entity concept d) Completeness
127) Financial information must not only represent relevant phenomena but it must
also be complete, neutral and free from error.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Materiality b) Faithful representation/ True

and fair view
c) Business entity concept d) Completeness
128) Expenses incurred in a particular time period should be compared with the
revenue earned during the same time period.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Materiality b) Faithful representation/ True and

fair view
c) Business entity concept d) Matching Principle/ Accrual
concept.
129) Caution should be exercised while preparing financial statements in order to
avoid overstatement of net assets and net income.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Materiality b) Prudence / Conservatism

c) Business entity concept d) Matching Principle/ Accrual
concept.
130) The assumption that a business entity will continue in existence for the
foreseeable future.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Materiality b) Prudence / Conservatism

c) Going concern Concept. d) Matching Principle
131) Same accounting policy shall be applied to accounting events from period to
period.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Materiality b) Prudence / Conservatism

c) Going concern Concept. d) Consistency

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132) Freight-in incurred on merchandise was classified into administration expenses.
Last year such cost was charged to cost of sales.
Identify accounting concepts/principles which need to be considered in above statement.

a) Materiality b) Prudence / Conservatism

c) Going concern Concept. d) Consistency
133) Cost of improvements and repairing equipment was capitalized to the cost of the
equipment.
Identify accounting concepts/principles which need to be considered in above statement.

a) Materiality b) Capital or revenue expenditure.

c) Going concern Concept. d) Consistency
134) A part of the business premises is used by owner for residential purposes.
However, total rent and utilities of the premises are charged to expenses.
Identify accounting concepts/principles which need to be considered in above statement.

a) Materiality b) Matching concept

c) Business entity Concept. d) Consistency
135) Sales has been recorded for goods not yet dispatched.
Identify accounting concepts/principles on which the above statement is based

a) Accrual concept. b) Prudence / Conservatism

c) Going concern Concept. d) Consistency
136) What are accounting conventions?
Answer
Accounting conventions, also known as accounting principles or accounting
standards, are a set of guidelines, rules, and procedures that dictate how financial
transactions and events should be recorded, presented, and reported in a company's
financial statements. These conventions ensure consistency and comparability in
financial reporting across different organizations. Several key accounting conventions
include:
Going Concern: This convention assumes that a business will continue to operate
indefinitely unless there is evidence to the contrary. Under this convention, financial
statements are prepared on the assumption that the business will not be liquidated in
the foreseeable future. This allows for the appropriate presentation of assets, liabilities,
and expenses.
Consistency: The consistency convention requires that accounting methods and
practices once adopted should be followed consistently from one accounting period to
another. This ensures that financial statements can be compared over time.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Conservatism (Prudence): This convention suggests that when there are uncertainties
or alternatives in accounting treatments, accountants should choose methods that result
in less favorable financial statements. In other words, it's better to be cautious and
understate assets or income rather than overstating them.
Materiality: Materiality means that financial information should be presented and
disclosed in a way that is relevant and significant to the users of financial statements.
Insignificant or immaterial items need not be disclosed separately.
Full Disclosure: The full disclosure principle requires that all material information
relevant to users of financial statements should be disclosed in the notes to the financial
statements. This ensures that users have access to all necessary information, even if it
can't be presented directly on the face of the financial statements.
Conservation of Resources: This convention suggests that businesses should not
overstate the value of their assets. If there is evidence that an asset's value has
permanently decreased, its carrying amount should be written down to reflect this
reduction in value.
Historical Cost: The historical cost convention states that most assets and liabilities
should be recorded on the balance sheet at their original cost when acquired. This is in
contrast to using their current market value. However, some assets, like marketable
securities, may be recorded at their current market value.
Revenue Recognition: This convention provides guidelines on when and how revenue
should be recognized in financial statements. It ensures that revenue is recorded when
it is earned and realizable.
These conventions are essential for maintaining consistency and transparency in
financial reporting, which, in turn, helps stakeholders make informed decisions about a
company's financial health and performance. Accounting standards may vary by country
or region, but they generally follow these fundamental conventions to ensure the
integrity of financial reporting.
137) Is there a difference between accounting convention and accounting principle?
Answer:
The terms "accounting convention" and "accounting principle" are often used
interchangeably, and their meanings can overlap. However, there is a subtle distinction
between the two:
Accounting Convention: An accounting convention refers to a general practice,
guideline, or tradition that has been followed in the field of accounting over time.
Conventions are not formal rules or standards but rather customary practices that have
developed to address specific accounting issues or situations. They are often
considered best practices in the absence of specific accounting standards. Examples of

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
accounting conventions include the conservatism convention, the full disclosure
convention, and the consistency convention.
Accounting Principle: An accounting principle, on the other hand, is a specific rule or
standard that prescribes how a particular type of accounting transaction or event should
be recorded and reported. Accounting principles are formal and typically codified into
accounting standards, such as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in the
United States or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) globally.
Accounting principles provide specific guidance on topics like revenue recognition,
depreciation, and financial statement presentation.
In summary, accounting conventions are broader and encompass customary practices
and guidelines, while accounting principles are specific rules and standards that dictate
how certain accounting transactions should be handled. Both conventions and
principles are crucial in the field of accounting to ensure consistency, transparency, and
the accurate representation of financial information.

Accounting concepts Accounting Principles Accounting Conventions

Accounting concepts are Accounting principles are Accounting conventions are the
fundamental assumptions of evolved and developed forms consistent use of accounting
accounting principles. of accounting concepts. principles for the long run.

Emerged from standard These standards are issued Accounting conventions are set by
common accounting practice by GAAP and IFRS accounting bodies.

They create a standard

It is concerned with the method of reporting the Concerned with the preparation
maintenance of accounts. financial details of the of the financial statements.
business.

It is the theoretical notions

The accounting principles are These are methods and
and the rough idea that is
more organized and procedures that give a true and
applied while preparing
scientific-based. fair view of financial statements.
financial statements.

Accounting concepts focus on The Accounting conventions focus

Accounting principles focus
the recording of transactions on the preparation and
on the fair presentation of
and maintenance of presentation of financial
company financial data.
accounts. statements.

There is no possibility of
Accounting principles are the In accounting conventions, there
personal judgment or biases
building block of GAAP. is a high possibility of biases.
in accounting concepts.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 The Accounting principles Accounting conventions are
Accounting concepts are
convert rough ideas into prepared in the light of accounting
rough informal ideas
practical forms. concepts.

Conclusion
Well, these are some points about accounting concepts, principles, and conventions. Hope ,
now this table will help you differentiate between the three terms. Moreover, these are the
base for financial statements, and companies will get reliable and realistic financial data.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Chapter 2; Books of Prime Entry
138) Which of the following is recorded in general Journal?
a) Purchase of machine on credit b) Sale of machine on cash
c) Purchase of machine on cash d) Purchase of goods on cash
139) Which of the following is source document of petty cashbook?
a) Petty cash vouchers b) Invoices/counterfoils
c) Taxi receipts/ parking tickets etc d) All of these
Explanation:
A petty cashbook is a record used by businesses to track small, day-to-day expenses
that are paid for in cash. The source documents for a petty cashbook typically include:
Petty Cash Vouchers: These are the primary source documents for petty cash
transactions. Whenever a small cash expense is incurred, a petty cash voucher is filled
out to record the details of the expense. The voucher typically includes information such
as the date of the transaction, the purpose of the expense, the amount spent, and the
signature of the person responsible for the expenditure. These vouchers are then used
to replenish the petty cash fund and to record the expense in the petty cashbook.
Receipts: In some cases, especially when a business purchases goods or services in
cash, the receipt issued by the vendor can serve as a source document for a petty cash
transaction. The receipt should be attached to the petty cash voucher to support the
expense.
Invoices: If a business pays for a small invoice in cash, the invoice itself can serve as a
source document. The invoice should be attached to the petty cash voucher as proof of
the expense.
Expense Reports: In some organizations, employees may submit expense reports for
small cash expenses they incur while conducting business. These expense reports can
serve as source documents for petty cash transactions. The reimbursed expenses
should be recorded in the petty cashbook based on the information provided in the
expense reports.
Miscellaneous Documentation: Other types of source documents can include delivery
slips, taxi receipts, parking tickets, and any other document that provides evidence of a
legitimate cash expense.
It's important to note that each business may have its own specific procedures for
managing petty cash and documenting transactions. However, maintaining a clear and
organized record of all petty cash transactions is essential for financial accountability
and auditing purposes.

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140) The periodic total from purchase Journal is posted to
a) Credit side of individual supplier account.
b) Debit side of individual supplier account.
c) Credit side of purchases account in General Ledger.
d) Debit side of purchases account in General Ledger.
141) General Journal is prepared in chronological order to pass entries?
a) True b) False
142) A debit note issued is recorded in which book?
a) Sales ledger b) Itself is an instrument
c) General Journal d) None of these
143) A cheque issued for payment to debtors, will be recorded on which side of
cashbook
a) Payment side b) Receipt side
c) On both sides d) None of these
144) Building bought on credit is is recorded in which book of prime entry?
a) Cashbook b) General Journal
c) Purchase day book d) Asset day book
145) In which book of prime entry all transactions are recorded?
a) Cashbook b) General Journal
c) Purchase day book d) None of these
146) In which ledger balance of purchase journal closes?
a) Payables ledger b) General Journal
c) General ledger d) Receivable ledger
147) Which of the following statements is/ are correct?
(I) Debit note issued are initially recorded in purchase day book.
(II) Sales invoices are recorded in sales day book.
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Only (I) is correct b) Only (II) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
148) Which of the following statements is/ are correct?
(I) Debit note issued or credit note received are recorded in same BOPE.
(II) Credit note is issued by customer and debit note is issued by supplier.
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Only (I) is correct b) Only (II) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
149) Purchase and purchase return do not belong to:
a) Periodic inventory system b) Perpetual inventory system
c) Both a and b d) None of these.
150) Which of the following is correct regarding Sales journal?
a) Records sales of inventory items on credit to customers.
b) Records items returned by credit customers
c) Records purchases of inventory items on credit from suppliers
d) Records items returned to credit suppliers
151) Expense payments which are not recorded in cashbook, are recorded in:
a) General Journal b) Purchase day book
c) Petty cashbook d) General ledger
152) Khaadi Offers 20% discount on sale, which of the following is correct?
a) Promotion b) Marketing
c) Advertising d) All of these
a) Promotion: This refers to the specific tactics and activities a company uses to
promote its products or services. Offering discounts, running sales promotions,
providing coupons, and organizing events to attract customers are all examples of
promotional activities. In this case, offering a 20% discount on a sale is a promotional
strategy to incentivize customers to make a purchase.
b) Marketing: Marketing encompasses a broader set of activities and strategies aimed
at understanding customer needs, developing products or services that meet those
needs, pricing them appropriately, making them available to customers, and
communicating their value. Promotion is just one element of the marketing mix, which
also includes product, price, and place (distribution). While offering discounts is a
promotional tactic, marketing involves a more comprehensive approach to achieving
business goals.
c) Advertising: Advertising is a subset of promotion. It specifically refers to the paid,
non-personal communication of information or messages through various media (e.g.,
television, radio, online, print) to promote a product, service, or brand. While advertising
can include messages about discounts or sales, the act of offering a discount itself is
not advertising; it's a promotional offer.
So, in the context of offering a 20% discount on a sale, it is primarily a promotional
activity. This promotion might be part of a broader marketing strategy aimed at
attracting and retaining customers. Advertising could be used to communicate the
discount to a wider audience, but the discount itself is a promotional tactic.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
153) Kaller traders (KT) Offers 20% trade discount on services of Rs. 20,000. On 30
September 2023 KT gives Mr. Zeeshan and Mr. Abid settlement discount on sales of
Rs. 18,000 and Rs. 25,000 respectively with terms 2/10, n/30. Both availed the
settlement discount. Of what amount revenue should be recorded?
a) b)
c) d) Rs 55,000
154) In which book of prime entry debit note received worth Rs. 100,000 would be
recorded?
a) General Journal b) Purchase day book
c) Return outward Journal d) Return inward Journal
155) Which of the following is not a source document?
a) Sales invoice b) Purchase invoice
c) Ledger d) Bank statement
156) What is the definition of trade discount?
a) The definite price reduction b) The discount offered to persuade
given to customer at the time of customers to pay earlier
sales transaction.
c) The discount given to customer at d) All of these
the time of payment.
157) Which TWO of the following are other names of cash discount?
a) Trade discount b) Prompt payment discount
c) Discount Received. d) Settlement discount
158) What is third column in three column cash book?
a) Bank Column b) Cash column
c) Discount Column d) None of these
159) The books of prime entry are best defined as those in which:
a) debit and credit rules does not b) memorandum ledger accounts
follow are prepared
c) Subsidiary ledger accounts are d) Entry is made through source
prepared document.

160) Which of the following is not a source document?

a) Sale invoice b) Purchase invoice
c) Ledger d) Bank statement.
161) Total Credit sales return recorded in _______ ledger.
a) Payables ledger b) General Journal
c) General ledger d) Receivable ledger

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162) Maaz return goods to Saad which he bought on credit. How is this recorded in
Saad’s books?
a) Accounts receivable Dr, b) sales return Dr,
sales return Cr Accounts receivable Cr
c) purchase return Dr d) accounts receivable Dr
accounts receivable Cr purchase return Cr
163) Maaz return goods to Saad which he bought on credit. How is this recorded in
Maaz’s books?
a) Accounts receivable Dr, b) sales return Dr,
sales return Cr Accounts receivable Cr
c) purchase return Dr d) accounts payable Dr
accounts receivable Cr purchase return Cr
164) In which book of prime entry drawings is initially recorded?
a) Purchase day book b) Sales day book
c) Cash book d) General Journal
165) What is the entry of discount allowed?
a) Debit: Discount Allowed b) Debit: Discount Allowed
Credit: Sales Credit: Receivables
c) Debit: Discount Allowed d) Debit: Discount Allowed
Credit: purchases Credit: Payables
166) Discount received is recognised as:
a) Reduction from purchases in b) Expense in profit or loss
general journal. statement
c) In purchase return journal d) Deduction in purchase day book
167) If we issue amount to replenish petty cash book, then it is recorded in
a) General journal b) Debit side of cash book
c) Credit side of cash book d) General ledger.
168) sales are recorded in?
a) Sales day book b) Sales return day book
c) General ledger d) General Journal
169) Petty cash book must follow imprest system
a) True b) False
170) Petty expenses may exceed imprest amount.
a) True b) False
171) Which of the following best explains the imprest system of petty cash?
a) Each month an equal amount of cash is transferred into petty cash.
b) The exact amount of petty cash expenditure is reimbursed at intervals

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 to maintain a fixed float.
c) The petty cash must be kept under lock and key.
d) The petty cash total must never fall below the imprest amount.
172) Which of the following is/are correct?
(I) Petty cash balance plus the amount on invoices and notes should be equal to
imprest amount.
(II) Periodically the invoices are removed and replaced by cash to re-establish
the imprest in cash.
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Only (I) is correct b) Only (II) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
173) Which of the following is/are correct?
(I) Petty cashbook must follow imprest system.
(II) Petty expenses may exceed imprest amount.
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Only (I) is correct b) Only (II) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
174) Replenishment in petty cash fund is recorded in
a) Cash book + petty cash b) Petty cash
c) Sales day book d) Purchase day book
175) Payment of expenses from petty cash fund are recorded in:
a) Cash book only b) Only Petty cash book
c) Cash book as well as petty cash d) General journal only.
176) The funds of petty cash book are recorded in
a) Cash book + petty cash b) Only Petty cash
c) Only cash book d) General ledger
177) What is the Journal entry of settlement discount?
Discount Allowed/Sales Dr Receivables Cr.
178) A business is offering a settlement discount to customers. In which TWO of the
following situations, the revenue is required to be recorded at the full amount at the
time sale?
a) The customer is not expected to b) The customer is expected to pay
pay early and does not pay early and pays early as expected.
early as expected.
c) The customer is not expected to d) The customer is expected to pay
pay early but pays early. early and does not pay early.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
179) On 4 August 2022 goods were sold on credit for Rs. 125,000 with credit term of
3/10, n/20. On 8 August 2022 goods of Rs. 25,000 were returned by the buyer. How
much should the seller expect to receive if the buyer pays on 12 August 2022.
a) Rs. 100,000 b) Rs. 121,250
c) Rs. 125,000 d) Rs. 97,000
180) On 1 June 2022 goods were sold on credit for Rs 800,000 with credit terms of
1/10 n/30. How much should the seller expect to receive if the buyer pays on 8 June
2022?
a) Rs 720,000 b) Rs 768,000
c) Rs 792,000 d) No change in amount
181) On 1 June 2022 goods were sold on credit for Rs 800,000 with credit terms of
1/10 n/30. On 8 June 2022 goods of Rs 100,000 were returned by the buyer. How
much should the seller expect to receive if the buyer pays on 8 June 2022?
a) Rs 70,000 b) Rs 800,000
c) Rs 700,000 d) Rs 693,000
182) BTL purchased goods for Rs. 1 million on credit from SPL on 5 th December. If
BTL pays the full amount within 10 days, it will be allowed a settlement discount of
5%. BTL paid Rs. 950,000 on 12th December and availed the settlement discount. At
the time of payment, the accountant at BTL posted Rs. 950,000 on the payment side
of cash book. What will be the entry in the General Journal to record the discount?
a) No entry b) Dr: SPL by Rs. 50,000
Cr: purchases Rs 50,000
c) Dr: Purchases by Rs. 50,000 d) Dr: SPL by Rs. 50,000
Cr: SPL Rs 50,000 Cr: other income Rs 50,000
183) Which TWO of the following would be recorded in General journal?
a) Increase in provision of b) Advance received from customer
doubtful debts
c) Write off of a trade receivable d) Receipt of a written off balance
balance
184) Which of the following document would require a double entry?
a) Sales order b) Sales invoices
c) Delivery note d) Statement of account
185) Match each of the following transection with appropriate book of prime entry
Sales made on credit Return inward journal
Sales made on cash General journal
Return by credit customer Cash book
Purchase of non-current asset on credit Sales day book
186) A transection not recorded in any other books of original entry is recorded in:
a) Sales day book b) Purchase day book

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 c) Cash book d) General journal
187) Zee bought goods on credit from Shan traders. The goods were not according to
the required specification and therefore returned to ST. which document should zee
send to ST
a) Statement of account b) Credit note
c) Debit note d) Invoices
188) A transaction not recorded in any other books of original entry is recorded in:
a) Sales day book b) Purchases day book
c) General journal d) Cash book
189) Zee bought goods on credit from Shan Traders (ST). The goods were not
according to the required specifications and therefore returned to ST. Which
document should Zee send to ST?
a) Credit note b) Debit note
c) Invoice d) Statement of account
190) Which TWO of the following would NOT be recorded in General journal?
a) Increase in provision of doubtful b) Advance received from customer
debts
c) Write off of a trade receivable d) Receipt of a written off balance
balance
191) Which of the following document would require a double entry?
a) Sales order b) Sales invoices
c) Delivery note d) Statement of account
192) Zee bought goods on credit from Shan Traders (ST). The goods were not
according to the required specifications and therefore returned to ST. Which
document should Zee send to ST?
a) Credit note b) Debit note
c) Invoice d) Statement of account
193) Discounts received are
a) Buyer of goods granted b) Deducted when we receive cash
discount by seller
c) Given by us when we sell goods d) None of these
on credit
194) Nader traders (ND) keeps analyzed petty cash book using imprest system. The
imprest amount is 15,000 the following information is available for the month of
December 2021.
Date Description Rs.
Dec 1 Balance 15,000
Dec 5 Bought office stationery 2,500
Dec 7 Paid for office travel- Careem invoice 1,250

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Dec 9 Paid for refilling of printer cartridges from market to 5,000
procurement staff
Dec 10 Received from procurement staff remaining balance - 1,500
refilling of printer cartridges
Dec 15 Paid for biscuits for owner’s guests 700
Dec 29 Purchased stamp papers from market 2,000
Petty cash balance as on 31 December 2021 before replenishment would be?
a) Rs 5,750 b) Rs 2,050
c) Rs 5,050 d) Rs 9,950
195) Asim traders (AD) keeps analyzed petty cash book using imprest system. The
imprest amount is 20,000 the following information is available for the month of
December 2022.
Date Description Rs.
Dec 1 Balance 20,000
Dec 5 Bought office stationery 2,500
Dec 7 Paid for office travel- Uber invoice 1,250
Dec 9 Paid for refilling of printer cartridges from market to 5,000
procurement staff
Dec 10 Received from procurement staff remaining balance - refilling 1,500
of printer cartridges
Dec 15 Paid for biscuits for owner’s guests 700
Dec 29 Purchased stamp papers from market 2,000
Petty cash balance as on 31 December 2021 before replenishment would be?
a) Rs 5,750 b) Rs 2,050
c) Rs 5,050 d) Rs 10,050
196) Any transaction which cannot be recorded in any other book of prime entry is
recorded in?
a) Cash book b) Petty cash book
c) General journal d) Day books
197) The capital of a business is 100,000 and the liabilities are 40,000. What are the
total assets?
a) 40,000 b) 60,000
c) 100,000 d) 140,000
198) 5 Used cars were sold by a Garments business and the amount has been
received in cash. The entry will be recoded in
a) Sales day book b) General Journal
c) Purchase Day book d) Cash book
199) Sales Account is found in
a) Sales day book b) Sales Ledger
c) General Ledger d) General Journal

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200) Which of the following is not a book of prime entry?
a) Sales day book b) Purchase return day book
c) General Journal d) General ledger
201) Which of the following is correct?
(I) General journal is a book of prime entry for all transactions.
(II) Sales day book is a book of prime entry for credit notes issued to customers.
a) Only I b) Only II
c) Both are correct d) Both incorrect.
202) Which of the following is correct?
(I) Goods dispatch note is sent by the business along with the goods
(II) An item should be requisitioned first if not lying in the stock.
a) Only I b) Only II
c) Both are correct d) Both incorrect.
203) Which of the following documents serves as a notice to the customer to inform
them that the goods have been dispatched?
a) Quotation b) Goods dispatch note
c) Sales order d) Delivery note.
204) Which of the following is correct?
(I) Sales day book total balance is recorded in general Ledger
(II) Sales day book individual balance is recorded in sales ledger
a) Only I b) Only II
c) Both are correct d) Both incorrect.
205) Which of the following statements are correct?
(I) Sales account is part of sales ledger
(II) Total of purchase return day book is posted to the debit side of return outward
account.
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Only (I) is correct b) None is correct
c) Both are correct d) Only (II) is correct
206) Which of the following statements are correct?
(I) Sales account is part of sales ledger
(II) Total of sales day book is posted to the debit side of trade receivable account.
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Only (I) is correct b) None is correct
c) Both are correct d) Only (II) is correct
207) Which of the following statement is correct?
(I) Debit notes issued are initially recorded in purchase day book.

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 (II) Sales invoices are recorded in sales day book.
a) Only 1 b) Only 2
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
208) which of the following statement is correct?
(I) Credit notes issued to customers is the source document for sales day book.
(II) Cheques and counterfoils are the source documents for cashbook.
a) Both are correct b) None is correct
c) Only 1 d) Only 2
209) In which Books of Prime Entry does Credit note received worth Rs. 800,000
would be recorded?
a) Sales day book b) Purchase day book
c) Return outward Journal. d) Return inward journal
210) Maria Enterprises (ME) sold goods of Rs. 10,000 to Zahra Traders (ZT) on 8th
August 2021 to be paid on 31st August 2021. However, if ZT pays within 10 days, it
will be entitled to 4% cash discount and will have to pay only Rs. 9,600.
How the above transactions will be treated in the books of ME on 8th August and
on the date of payment if ME expected that ZT will not pay within 10 days and ZT
actually paid on 31st August.
211) Payables and purchases are recorded at their cost value if they avail cash
discount, this is based on ______ concept
a) Accrual b) Prudence
c) Reliability d) Consistency.
212) Books of Prime Entry in Which
a) Debit And Credit Rules Not Follow
b) In which Memorandum Legers Accounts
c) Subsidiary Legers Accounts
d) Entry Through a Source Document
213) Which one of the following is not a source document?
a) Sale invoice b) Purchase invoice
c) Ledger d) Bank statement.
214) General ledger is a source document?
a) True b) False
215) Credit note is a source document?
a) True b) False
216) Which of the following is a source document that would be entered into the
accounting system?
a) Purchase order b) Debit note

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 c) Sales order d) Credit note
217) What is the source document of sales day book and cashbook?
Answer: Sales invoices issued to customers
218) What is the source document of cashbook?
Answer: cheques, counterfoils, bank statements, receipts, etc.
219) Seller received which note from buyer?
a) Debit note b) Credit Note.

220) Credit sales goes to which of the following books of prime entry?
a) Sales day Book

221) Credit note issued is recorded in which Books of Prime Entry?

a) Sales return Day book.

222) Debit note issued is recorded in which Books of Prime Entry?

a) Purchase return Day book.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Chapter 3; Ledgers and Trial balance
223) Ledger folio in General Journal shows:
a) Date b) Account name
c) Account number d) Page number of account
224) Which of the following will have balance on credit side of trial balance?
a) sale and return inwards b) depreciation expense and
accumulated depreciation
c) Bad debts and allowance for B.D d) Sales and return outwards
225) Which of the following is/are true with reference to trial Balance?
a) Trial balance is taken as a test of b) It is starting point for producing
arithmetical accuracy. financial statement
c) It is conclusive proof that double d) Both a and b
entry book-keeping is free from
errors
226) Which of the following statement is/are correct?
(i) General ledger also includes income and expense accounts.
(ii) General ledger only includes assets, liability, and capital accounts.
a) Only (I) is correct b) Only (II) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None if correct
227) An account which summarize a large number of transactions is called:
a) Journal Ledger b) Trial balance
c) Control account d) T-account
228) Why chart of accounts is used?
a) To ensure that all transactions are recognized in accordance with the
requirements of business.
b) Internal check on mathematical accuracy of double entry book-keeping.
c) To identify the errors.
d) None of these.
229) Journal entry to withdraw cash from business by owner:
a) Drawing Dr b) Drawing Dr
Cash Cr Capital Cr
c) Capital Dr d) Cash Dr
Drawing Cr Drawing Cr.
230) Which of the following will increase the owner’s equity?
a) Revenue b) Expenses
c) Drawings d) Prepayments

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
231) In a trial balance, a debit item will:
a) Increase liability, increase asset and decrease equity
b) Increase asset, increase equity and decrease liability
c) Increase equity, decrease asset and decrease liability
d) Increase asset, decrease liability and decrease equity
232) Balance of which of the following groups of item would appear on opposite sides
of a trial balance?
a) Inventory and drawings b) Carriage in and carriage out
c) Sales and return outwards d) Trade receivables and return
outwards.
233) Balance of which TWO of the following groups of item would appear on same
sides of a trial balance?
a) Capital and accumulated depreciation b) Sales and return outwards
c) Sales and return inwards d) Purchase and return outward
234) In an account if credit side < debit side then the resulting balance is:
a) Debit b) Positive
c) Negative d) Credit
235) Which of the following is taken as a test of arithmetical accuracy?
a) General Journal b) General ledger
c) Books of prime entry d) Trial balance
236) Which TWO of the following elements have same nature in trial balance?
a) Sale and return inwards b) Capital and accumulated
depreciation
c) Sale and return outwards d) Purchase and return outward
237) A trial balance consists of:
a) Two column financial statement intended for distribution to interested parties
outside the business.
b) A two column schedule stating names and balances of all ledger
accounts.
c) A two column schedule of all debit and credit entries posted to ledger
accounts
d) A two column schedule of all debits and credits made in journal entries.
238) If credit side< debit side in asset account, then difference is
a) Positive balance b) Negative balance
c) Credit balance d) None of these
239) The process of transferring transaction from journal to ledgers is called?
a) Journalizing b) Summarizing
c) Posting d) Analysing

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
240) What are the limitations of trial balance?
Answer:
Both the debit and credit columns of the trial balance may be equal in spite of certain
mistakes of omissions and principles. These errors may be mentioned as under:
1) Errors of omission in the books of original record
2) Errors of principle (posting on right side of wrong account nature wise)
3) Compensating errors (same amount effect on debit and credit side)
4) Incorrect account in the original books (on both sides)
5) Posting to wrong account (but on right side)

241) The process of classifying amounts from books of prime entry to ledgers is called
a) Posting b) Recording
c) Summarizing d) Presentation
242) Which of the following statement is/are correct?
(i) Trial balance assures arithmetical accuracy.
(ii) Error of omission has effect on trial balance.
a) Only (I) is correct b) Only (II) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None if correct
243) Which of the following statement is/are correct regarding trial balance?
(i) It is one of the parts of accounting cycle (accounting process).
(ii) It is the starting point of preparation of Financial statements
a) Only (I) is correct b) Only (II) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None if correct
244) What are the properties of trial balance?
1) It is a summary of debit and credit balances which are extracted from various
ledger accounts.
2) It is a summary of debit and credit balances.
3) The motive behind the preparation of Trial balance is to establish arithmetical
accuracy of the transactions recorded in the Books of Accounts.
4) It serves as evidence that the double entry system has complied duly
5) It facilitates the preparation of the financial statements.
245) By which error totals of trial balance will disagree?
a) Sales made on credit had been b) Fixtures purchased by cheque
credited to account of wrong were not recorded at all.
customer
c) Fixtures purchased by cheque d) Sales made on credit had been
were not recorded as asset. debited to account of wrong
customer

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
246) Which two of the following would be appear in trial balance?
a) Gross profit b) Discount allowed
c) Trade discount received d) Acc. Depreciation
247) Which two of the following statement are correct regarding trial balances?
a) Opening stock as well as closing b) Trial balance is not a book of
stock appear in the trial balance prime entry
c) Every credit balance represent d) Return inward has debit
income balance
248) Which of the following statements is correct regarding trial balance?
a) Every credit balance represents b) Return inward has debit
income balance

c) Opening stock as well as closing d) Trial balance is a book of prime

stock appear in a trial balance entry

249) Which of the following statements is correct regarding trial balance?

a) Every credit balance represents b) Every debit represent Expense
income
c) Opening stock as well as closing d) Trial balance is not a book of
stock appear in a trial balance prime entry

250) Which of the following statement is/are correct regarding trial balance?
(i) Trial balance is not a book of prime entry.
(ii) The trial balance is starting point to prepare financial statements
a) Only (I) is correct b) Only (II) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None if correct
251) Debit always means;
a) left side of an account b) right side of an account
c) increase d) increase in assets
252) Which of the following statements is correct regarding trial balance?
a) Every credit balance represents b) Return inward has debit balance
income
c) Opening stock as well as closing d) Trial balance is a book of prime
stock appear in a trial balance entry
253) Debit always means;
a) left side of an account b) right side of an account
c) positive account d) negative account

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
254) In the books of account if a transaction is completely deleted, will it affect the
balancing of the trial balance?
a) No b) Yes
c) A transaction cannot be omitted d) None of these
255) When debit balance is equal to credit balance then the trial balance means
a) Account balances are correct b) Mathematically
Capital + Liabilities =Assets
c) No mistake in recording d) No mistake in posting entries
transactions to ledger accounts
256) Ledger is a
a) List of accounts b) Collection of accounts
c) Unique name of accounts d) None of these
257) Gross profit is
a) Cost of goods sold + Opening b) Sales - cost of goods sold
stock
c) Sales - Purchases d) Net profit – expenses
258) Balance of which of the following groups of item would appear on opposite sides
of a trial balance?
a) inventory and drawings b) sales and returns outwards
c) carriage in and carriage out d) Trade receivables and returns
outwards
259) Which of the following is correct?
(I) Purchase order is issued by seller to buyer.
(II) When an invoice is received from a supplier, it should be checked with goods
received note.
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Only (I) is correct b) Only (II) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None if correct

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Chapter 4; Accruals and Prepayments
260) Unearned revenue is treated as:
a) Liability in balance sheet b) Asset in balance sheet
c) Income in income statement d) Both a and c
261) Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(i) Early recording of expenses overstate current year’s profit and late recording of
expenses will understate the current year’s profit.
(ii) Early recording of revenues overstate current year’s profit and early recording of
expenses will understate the current year’s profit.
e) Only (i) is correct f) Only (ii) is correct
g) Both are correct h) None is correct
262) Earned but not yet received income is treated as:
a) Asset b) Liability
c) Capital d) Loss
263) Adjustment of accrued expense has effect:
(i) On Statement of comprehensive income
(ii) On Statement of financial position
a) Only (i) is correct b) Only (ii) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
264) Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(i) Prepaid expenses are assets
(ii) Prepayments are recorded in SOFP as well as in SOCI
a) Only (i) is correct b) Only (ii) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
265) Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(i) Prepaid expenses are assets
(ii) Prepayments are recorded in SOFP as well as in SOCI
a) Only (i) is correct b) Only (ii) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
266) Which of the following entries are correct for unpaid salary worker?
(i) Debit: Expenses Credit: payables
(ii) Debit: Accrued Expenses Credit: payables
a) Only (i) is correct b) Only (ii) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
267) Which of the following is not true?
a) An accrual is an amount owing at the end of a period, a prepayment is an

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 amount paid in advance
b) An accrual is a liability, and prepayment is an asset
c) An accrual is a liability, and prepayment is always a non-current asset
d) An accrual is a current-liability and a prepayment is a current asset
268) Mr. Dawood determines at year end that salaries paid during the year include Rs
10,000 in advance.
What is the correct year end adjustment for advance salary to be made?
a) Dr. Salaries 10,000 b) Dr. Salaries 10,000
Cr. Advance Salaries 10,000 Cr. Accrued Salaries 10,000
c) Dr. Advance Salaries 10,000 d) None of these
Cr. Salaries expense 10,000
269) The accounting concept which implies that Payables and purchases are recorded
at cost if we avail cash discount is:
a) Accrual b) Prudence
c) Reliability d) Consistency
270) Which of the following entry should be made at year-end for accrued expenses?
a) Debit: Expenses b) Debit: Accrued expenses
Credit: Accrued expenses Credit: Expenses
c) Debit: prepaid expenses d) Debit: Expenses
Credit: expenses Credit: prepaid expenses
271) A business pays weekly salary of Rs. 20,000 on every Friday for working 5 days
a week. In current week year end is at Thursday what adjustment is needed in
books?
a) Accrued expense Rs 16,000 b) Prepayment of Rs 16,000
c) Accrued expense Rs 4,000 d) Prepayment of Rs 4,000
272) Which of the following reversal entry should be made at start of next year for
accrued expenses?
a) Debit: Expenses b) Debit: Accrued expenses
Credit: Accrued expenses Credit: Expenses
c) Debit: prepaid expenses d) Debit: Expenses
Credit: expenses Credit: prepaid expenses
273) Which of the following entry should be made at year-end for prepaid expenses?
a) Debit: Expenses b) Debit: Accrued expenses
Credit: Accrued expenses Credit: Expenses
c) Debit: prepaid expenses d) Debit: Expenses
Credit: expenses Credit: prepaid expenses
274) Which of the following reversal entry should be made at start of next year for
prepaid expenses?
a) Debit: Expenses b) Debit: Accrued expenses

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Credit: Accrued expenses Credit: Expenses
c) Debit: prepaid expenses d) Debit: Expenses
Credit: expenses Credit: prepaid expenses
275) Why is it necessary to account for accrued expenses?
a) So that current liabilities are not b) So that current assets are not
overstated understated
c) So that profit is not understated d) So that profit is not overstated
276) In the year to 31 December 2022, Saira received Rs. 50,800 rental income. The
amounts of rent received in advance and due in arrears were as follows:
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Rs. Rs.
Rent received in advance 4,000 3,000
Rent due in arrears (accrued) 2,500 1,700
What figure for rental income should be recorded in the statement of profit or loss for
the year ended 31 December 2022?
a) Rs. 50,800 b) Rs. 50,600
c) Rs. 54,500 d) Rs. 56,000
277) Total rent of Rs. 150,000 were received during the year ended 31 December
2023. In this respect opening and closing balances are as under:
31 Dec 2023 31 Dec 2022
Rs. Rs.
Rent received in advance (unearned) 16,000 10,000
Rent due in arrears (accrued/ rent receivable) 13,000 17,000
What figure for rental income should be recorded in the statement of profit or loss
for the year ended 31 December 2023?
a) Rs. 144,000 b) Rs. 140,000
c) Rs. 152,000 d) Rs. 156,000
278) ABC Limited receives advance rent from its tenant of Rs.1 million on 31st
December in respect of office rent for the following year.
ABC Ltd. has an accounting year end of 31st December. What accounting entry is
to be passed in this year?
a) Cash (debit) = Rs.1 million and Advance rent – liability (credit) = Rs.1 million
b) Cash (debit) = Rs.1 million and Accrued rent (credit) = Rs.1 million
c) Cash (debit) = Rs.1 million and Rent income (credit) = Rs.1 million
d) None
279) Accrual for Receiver is Prepayment for Payer
a) True b) False

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
280) What is the effect on profit for the year and net assets when accrued income is
not recorded?
Profit for the year Assets
a) Overstated Overstated
b) Overstated Understated
c) Understated Overstated
d) Understated Understated
281) How would these assets will expire?
Prepaid rent Office supplies
(a) Through use and consumption With the passage of time
(b) Through use and consumption Trough use and consumption
(c) With the passage of time Through use and consumption
(d) With the passage of time With the passage of time
282) Consider the following statement:
i. Higher closing prepaid balances than previous year means that payment for
the year exceeds the expense for the year
ii. Higher closing accrued income balances means that receipt for the year
exceeds the income for the year.
Which of the following is/ are correct?
a) None is correct b) Only 1 is correct
c) Only 2 is correct d) Both are correct
283) On 1 February 2019 a loan of Rs 6,000,000 was taken from a bank for
acquisition of an office building. A portion of the building was rented out on 1 August
2019 at a monthly rent of Rs 45,000. Interest is payable at 15% per annum on 31
January each year and rent are received half yearly in advance.
What amounts of interest payable and unearned rent should be shown in
statement of financial income as on31 December 2019?
a) Interest payable Rs 900,000, b) Interest payable Rs 450,000,
unearned rent Rs 270,000 unearned rent Rs 45,000
c) Interest payable Rs 825,000, d) Interest payable Rs 825,000,
unearned rent Rs 45,000 unearned rent Rs 250,000
284) An entity received electricity bill for the month of June 20. The bill will be paid on
10 July 20. The entity financial year ends on 30 June. How would the payment be
recorded?
a) Debit utilities payable and credit b) Debit utilities payable and
electricity expense credit cash
c) Debit electricity expense and d) Debit electricity expense and
credit utilities payable credit cash

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
285) On 1-7-19 a business acquired a shop on rent which is payable quarterly in
advance. Payments are, made as follow:
Date Rupees
1 July 2019 75,000
30 September 2019 75,000
31 December 2019 75,000
31 March 2020 75,000
30 June 2020 75,000
Which will be the rent expense charged to P/L for the year ended 31-08-20
a) Rs 75,000 b) Rs 375,000
c) Rs 300,000 d) Rs 225,000
286) On 1 may 2022, an entity hired a firm at an annual fee of Rs 150,000 for
maintaining accounting records. On 1 may 2023 the contract was renewed for
further one year at a revised annual fee of Rs 210,000. The fee is paid quarterly in
arrears on 31 July, 31 October, 31 January and 30 April each year. What figure
should appear for fee in in the financial statements for the year ended 31 December
2023?
Statement of Financial Position Statement of Profit or loss
a) Prepaid of Rs 35,000 Expense of Rs 190,000
b) Prepaid of Rs 17,500 Expense of Rs 180,000
c) Accrual of Rs 35,000 Expense of Rs 190,000
d) Accrual of Rs 17,500 Expense of Rs 180,000
287) On 1 July 2022 a business acquired a shop on rent which is payable quarterly in
advance. Payments of rent were made as follows:
Date Rupees
1 July 2022 75,000
30 September 2022 75,000
31 December 2022 75,000
31 March 2023 75,000
30 June 2023 75,000
What will be the rent expense charged to statement of profit or loss for the year ended
31 August 2023?
a) Rs. 375,000 b) Rs. 300,000
c) Rs. 75,000 d) Rs. 225,000

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
288) On 1 February 2023, a loan of Rs. 6,000,000 was taken from a bank for
acquisition of an office building. A portion of the building was rented out on 1 August
2023 at a monthly rent of Rs. 45,000. Interest is payable at 15% per annum on 31
January each year and rent is received half yearly in advance.
What amounts of interest payable and unearned rent should be shown in the
statement of financial position as on 31 December 2023?
a) Interest payable Rs. 900,000; b) Interest payable Rs. 825,000;
Unearned rent Rs. 270,000 Unearned rent Rs. 45,000

c) Interest payable Rs. 450,000; d) Interest payable Rs. 825,000;

Unearned rent Rs. 45,000 Unearned rent Rs. 250,000

289) Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

(I) Higher closing prepaid balance than previous year means that payment for the
year exceeds the expense for the year.
(II) Higher closing accrued income balance than previous year means that receipt
for the year exceeds the income for the year.
a) Only (I) is correct b) Only (II) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
290) Rent amounts totalling Rs. 150,000 were received during the year ended 31
December 2023. In this respect, opening and closing balances are as under:
31 Dec 2023 31 Dec 2022
----------- Rupees -----------
Unearned rent 16,000 10,000
Rent receivable 13,000 17,000
What should be the rent income for the year ended 31 December 2023?
a) Rs. 144,000 b) Rs. 152,000
c) Rs. 148,000 d) Rs. 140,000
291) An entity received electricity bill for the month of June 2023. The bill will be paid
on 10 July 2023. The entity's financial year ends on 30 June. How would the
payment be recorded?
a) Debit electricity expense and b) Debit utilities payable and credit
credit utilities payable electricity expense
c) Debit utilities payable and credit d) Debit electricity expense and
cash credit cash

292) how will these assets expire?

Prepaid rent Office supplies
(a) With the passage of time Through use and consumption
(b) Through use and consumption with the passage of time
(c) With the passage of time with the passage of time

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 (d) Through use and consumption Through use and consumption
293) An unearned revenue in the books of a receiver is likely to be
a) a prepaid expense in the books b) a prepaid expense in the books of
of the payer the payer

c) an accrued expense in the books d) an accrued revenue in the books

of the payer of the payer

294) Matching (Accrual) principal:

a) Determine whether an item is an asset or liability.
b) Addresses the relationship b/w the accounting database and the balance
sheet (SOFP).
c) Requires that the account of assets equals the amount of liabilities in the
balance sheet.
d) Determines that expenses related to revenue are to be reported in the
period when the revenue is recognised.
295) The matching concept matches
a) assets with liabilities b) income with expenses
c) capital with reserves d) expenses with capital
296) Accrual basis of accounting records revenue when they are
a) Collected b) Earned
c) Contracted d) Readily available for use
297) Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(I) Higher closing prepaid balance than previous year means that payment for
the year exceeds the expense for the year.
(II) Higher closing accrued income balance than previous year means that receipt
for the year exceeds the income for the year.
a) Only (I) is correct b) Only (II) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
298) Accrual concept does not apply in which TWO of the following?
a) Understate assets b) Overstate assets
c) Understate liabilities d) Overstate liabilities
299) Which of the following is correct?
(I) An accrual is expense relating to next year but paid in current year.
(II) A prepaid is an expense relating to current year but not paid in current year.
a) Only I b) Only II
c) Both are correct d) Both incorrect.
300) If one asset is decreased, then which of the following might be increased?
a) Income b) Liability

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 c) Capital d) Expense
301) If one asset is decreased, then which of the following might be increased?
a) Asset b) Liability
c) Expense d) Both a and c
302) The matching concept matches:
a) assets with liabilities b) income with expenses
c) capital with reserves d) expenses with capital
303) What are Outstanding Expenses?
a) Expenses which are paid off in the b) The necessary purchases that keep
current balance sheet but not a business going from day-to-day.
incurred.
c) Type of expense that is due but d) None of the above
has not been paid.
304) A process of accounting that recognizes the impact of transactions on the
financial statements in the time periods when revenues and expenses occur instead
of when cash is received or disbursed is called _________ basis
a) Accrual b) Cash
c) a & b d) None
305) A process of accounting where revenue and expense recognition would occur
when cash is received and disbursed is called
a) Cash b) Accrual
c) a & b d) None
306) Advance payments are recognized as
a) Receivable b) payable
c) bad debt d) none of these
307) Zameen.com, a property company, received cash totalling Rs. 838,600 from
tenants during the year ended 31 December 2022. Figures for rent in advance and
in arrears at the beginning and at the end of year were:
31 December 2021 31 December 2022
Rent receive in advance 102,600 88,700
Rent in Arrears (all subsequently received) 42,300 48,400
What amount should appear in company’s Statement of P&L for the year ended 31
December 2012 for rental income?
a) Rs. 818,600 b) Rs. 738,000
c) Rs. 939,200 d) Rs. 858,600

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
308) On year-end a shop owner has electricity bills of Rs. 27,000. During the year
electricity bills paid are Rs. 220,000. What adjustment will be required to utilize
expense account regarding the outstanding bills?
a) Rs. 27,000 Cr b) Rs. 220,000 Cr
c) Rs. 27,000 Dr d) None of these.
309) Which of the following have same effect on the accounting equation as
Depreciation?
a) Unearned income b) Accrued expense
c) Prepaid expense d) Accrued income
310) Unearned income is treated as
a) Liability in Balance sheet b) Asset in (SOCI)
(SOFP).
c) Contra Asset d) Liability in SOCI.
311) At the start of the year i.e. .1 October 2021, accrued rent was 120,000. The
annual rent was 720,000.
Payments have been made at following dates
1 October 2021 390,000
1 February 2022 300,000
1 June 2022 360,000
What will be the amount of prepaid or accrued rent at the end of the year i.e. 31
September 2022.
a) Prepaid rent Rs. 210,000 b) Accrued rent Rs. 210,000
c) Prepaid rent Rs. 360,000 d) None of these
312) On 1 January 2020, an entity rents out part of its premises to a tenant for Rs.
64,000 per month. As per agreement, rent is increased by 5% from start of each
year.
Payments totaling Rs. 736,000 were received from tenant during the year 2021
including rent for December 2020. Which figure should be reported in the entity’s
financial statements at 31 December 2021?
Income statement Current assets
a) Rs. 806,400 Rs 67,200
b) Rs. 803,200 Rs 128,000
c) Rs. 803,200 Rs 67,200
d) Rs. 806,400 Rs 134,400
313) An unearned revenue in the books of a receiver is likely to be
a) A prepaid expense in the books b) An unearned revenue in the
of the payer books of the payer
c) An accrued expense in the books d) An accrued revenue in the books
of the payer of the payer

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
314) Asset may be overstated by removing (omitting) which TWO of the following
adjustments?
a) Expired insurance b) Depreciation
c) Unearned revenue d) Accrued salaries
315) Why is it necessary to account for accrued expenses?
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) So that current liabilities are not b) So that current assets are not
overstated. understated
c) So that profit is not understated d) So that profit is not overstated
316) Which of the following is correct?
1. Prepaid Expenses are always recorded as expenses when Goods and Services
are in used.
2. Accrued Expenses leads to increase in balance of expenses in Income
Statement even when payment is not yet made.
a) Only 1 b) Only 2
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
317) Mr. Yousuf a tenant pays annual rent of Rs. 120,000. Payment is made quarterly
in advance on 1 January, 1 April, 1 July, 1 October. Which of the following should be
included in his accounts for the year ended 31 October 2022?
a) Rs. 20,000 prepayment. b) Rs 20,000 accrual
c) Rs 10,000 prepayment. d) Rs 10,000 accrual
318) Expenses are recorded when they are incurred according to ________ concept.
a) Prudence Concept b) matching concept
c) business entity concept d) all of these
319) according to which concept, we should record expense when we incur:
a) Materiality concept. b) matching concept
c) business entity concept d) cash basis

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Chapter 5; Bad and Doubtful Debts.
320) A ________ is an account receivable that is not difficult collect,
a) Good debt b) Bad debt
c) Doubtful debt d) Specific Debt
321) Amount owed by a customer (receivables) that business believes it will have no
difficulty in collecting from customer is:
a) Good debt b) Bad debt
c) Doubtful debt d) None of these
322) Provision tells us about which of the following
1. Estimated bad debts.
2. Non-collectable debts.
a) Only (1) is correct b) Only (2) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
323) Which of the following is correct entry of bad debts recovered?
a) Dr: Bad debts expense b) Dr: Cash
Cr: Cash Cr: Receivables
c) Dr: Cash d) Dr: Cash
Cr: Receivables Cr: Bad debts Expense
324) Which of the following is correct entry of bad debts recovered?
a) Dr: Bad debts expense b) Dr: Cash
Cr: Cash Cr: Receivables
c) Dr: Cash d) Dr: Cash
Cr: Receivables Cr: Bad debts Recovered.
325) Which of the following is correct entry of recovery of Allowance for bad debts?
a) Dr: Bad debts expense b) Dr: Cash
Cr: Cash Cr: Receivables
c) Dr: Cash d) Dr: Cash
Cr: Receivables Cr: Bad debts Recovered.
326) Which of the following is correct?
1. The good debts do not require any special accounting treatment unlike bad and
doubtful debts
2. The doubtful debts must stay in the accounting records so that the business
continues to chase payments
a) Both are correct b) None is correct
c) Only 1 d) Only 2

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
327) Which of the following is correct?
1. The balance of allowance for doubtful debts records irrecoverable debts without
taking them out of the books
2. The balance of bad debts recovered will carry down to next accounting period
a) Both are correct b) None is correct
c) Only 1 d) Only 2
328) Which of the following debt has high risk?
a) 60 days old b) 40 days old
c) 90 days old d) Above 90 days old
329) The following data pertains to Alpha Traders(AT).
Closing balance of trade debtors Rs. 750,000
Opening balance of allowance for doubtful debts Rs. 6,000
Debtors need to be written off. Rs. 5,000
Contra settlement to be recorded Rs. 20,000
AT’s policy is to maintain the allowance for doubtful debts @10%. The closing
balance of allowance for doubtful debts would be:
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Rs 74,500 b) Rs 72,500
c) Rs 75,000 d) Rs 71,900
330) The following data pertains to Alpha Traders(AT).
Closing balance of trade debtors Rs. 1,160,000
Opening balance of allowance for doubtful debts Rs. 90,000
Debtors need to be written off. Rs. 110,000
AT’s policy is to maintain the allowance for doubtful debts @10%. The closing
balance of allowance for doubtful debts would be:
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Rs 96,000 b) Rs 107,000
c) Rs 105,000 d) Rs 116,000
331) The following data pertains to Alpha Traders(AT).
Closing balance of trade debtors Rs. 1,160,000
Opening balance of allowance for doubtful debts Rs. 90,000
Debtors need to be written off. Rs. 110,000
Closing allowance is increased by 70,000. The closing balance of allowance for
doubtful debts would be:
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Rs 70,000 b) Rs 107,000
c) Rs 105,000 d) Rs 160,000

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
332) The following data pertains to Alpha Traders(AT).
Opening balance of allowance for doubtful debts Rs. 8,500
Bad debts written off during the year.* Rs. 5,000
Closing balance of allowance for doubtful debts 10,000
Bad debts written off included 1,000 allowance balance which was provided in
previous year. The Bad debts expense for the year would be:
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Rs 6,000 b) Rs 6,500
c) Rs 7,500 d) Rs 4,000
333) The following data pertains to Hashim Traders(HT).
Opening balance of allowance for doubtful debts Rs. 8,500
Bad debts written off during the year.* Rs. 5,000
Closing balance of allowance for doubtful debts 1,000
Bad debts written off included 1,000 allowance balance which was provided in
previous year. The Bad debts expense for the year would be:
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Rs 5,000 b) Rs 6,500
c) Rs 2,500 Credit Balance d) Rs 4,000
334) Prudence concept means that
1. Expenses and liabilities must not be understated
2. Incomes and assets must not be overstated.
a) Only 1 is correct b) Only 2 is correct
c) Both are correct d) None of these
335) Which of the following transaction will affect the receivable account?
a) Bad debts expense b) Allowance for bad debts
c) Purchase return d) Trade discount
336) Bad debts recovered is recognised as:
a) Increase in allowance b) Other income
c) An expense d) None of these
337) Which of the following is the correct entry of not-sufficient-fund (NSF)?
Answer: Receivables (Dr) Bank (Cr)
338) At 30 June 20X4 a company's allowance for receivables was Rs. 39,000. At 30
June 20X5 trade receivables totalled Rs. 517,000. It was decided to write off debts
totalling Rs. 37,000 and to adjust the allowance for receivables to Rs. 24,000. What
figure should appear in the statement of profit or loss for irrecoverable debts
expense for the year ended 30 June 20X5?
a) Rs 52,000 b) Rs 22,000

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 c) Rs 37,000 d) Rs 23,850
339) At 31 December 2021 an entity allowance for doubtful receivables amounted to
Rs. 48,000 which was 5% of the receivables at that date. At 31 December 2022
receivables totalled Rs 1,085,000. It was decided to write off Rs 53,000 of debt as
irrecoverable and based on past experience to keep the allowance for doubtful
receivables at 5% of receivables.
What should be the charge in P/L for the year ended 31 December 2022 for bad
and doubtful receivables.
a) Rs 59,250 b) Rs 56,600
c) Rs 49,400 d) Rs 46,750
340) At 31 December 2021 an entity allowance for doubtful receivables amounted to
Rs. 9,000. At 31 December 2022 receivables totalled Rs 120,000. During the year
bad debts of Rs 5,000 were written off and based on past experience, the entity
wishes to keep the allowance for doubtful receivables at 5% of receivables.
What should be the charge in P/L for the year ended 31 December 2022 for bad
and doubtful receivables.
a) Rs 2,000 b) Rs 3,000
c) Rs. 5,000 d) Rs. 8,000
341) At 31 December 2022 receivables totalled Rs. 785,000 before making the
following adjustment.
i. It was decided to write off Rs 20,000 of bad debts as irrecoverable and create
specific allowance of 80% against balance of Rs. 75,000.
ii. General allowance for receivables is to be maintained at 5% of receivables.
Allowance for doubtful receivables as at 31-12-21 amount to 31000
What should be the allowance for doubtful receivables at December 2022
a) Rs 110,000 b) Rs. 109,500
c) Rs 95,500 d) Rs 94,500
342) At December 31, 2018 a company's receivable totaled Rs. 600,000 and an
allowance for bad and doubtful debts of Rs. 60,000 had been brought down from last
year. It was decided to write off the debts totaling Rs. 25,000 and to adjust
allowance for receivable @ 10% of the receivable. At what amount receivables are
to be shown in statement of financial position as at 31 December 2018?
a) Rs. 572,500 b) Rs. 517,500
c) Rs. 540,000 d) Rs. 575,000
343) Which is the purpose of maintaining an allowance for doubtful debt receivables.
a. Records irrevocable debts without taking them out of the books of an entity
b. Records the expense of irrevocable debts
c. Have an estimate of future irrecoverable debts
d. Matches the estimate cost future irrecoverable debts against the revenue earned
in giving rise to the potential irrecoverable debts

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
344) Which of the following statements about prudence is correct?
a) Assets and income must be b) The lowest possible values
understated while liabilities and should be applied to income and
expenses must be overstated. assets and the highest possible
values to expenses and liabilities.
c) Assets and income are not d) Understating of assets and
overstated while liabilities and income and overstating of
expenses are not understated. liabilities and expense are
desirable in preparing financial
statements.
345) On 30 June 2020, the balance in allowance for doubtful receivables showed Rs
16,000. During the year ended 30 June 2021, receivables of Rs 21,000 were written
off. If allowance for doubtful receivables at 30 June 2021 is Rs 18,000 then what
would be the total effect of bad and doubtful receivables on profit for the years?
a) Decreased by Rs 19,000 b) Increased by Rs 19,000
c) Decreased by Rs 23,000 d) Increased by Rs 23,000
346) Allowance for doubtful debts’ account is:
a) liability account b) asset account
c) contra asset account d) expense account
347) Which is the purpose of maintaining an allowance for doubtful debt receivables.
a) Records irrevocable debts b) Records the expense of
without taking them out of the irrevocable debts.
books of an entity.
c) Have an estimate of future d) Matches the estimate cost future
irrecoverable debts. irrecoverable debts against the
revenue earned in giving rise to
the potential irrecoverable debts.
348) Which of the following statements about prudence is correct?
a) Assets and income must be b) The lowest possible values
understated while liabilities and should be applied to income and
expenses must be overstated. assets and the highest possible
values to expenses and liabilities.
c) Assets and income are not d) Assets and income are not
overstated while liabilities and overstated while liabilities and
expenses are not understated. expenses are not understated.
349) Allowance for doubtful debts’ account is:
a) liability account b) asset account
c) contra asset account d) expense account
350) Contra Asset account has what type of balance?
a) Debit b) Credit

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 c) Contra d) All of these
351) What is the impact on profit of the following?
Decrease in provision as compared to last year Bad debt expenses
a) Profit will be decreased Profit will be increased
b) Profit will be increased Profit will be increased
c) Profit will be increased Profit will be decreased
d) Profit will be decreased Profit will be decreased
352) Which of the following statements are correct?
(I) The good debts do not require any special accounting treatment unlike bad
and doubtful debts.
(II) The doubtful debts must stay in the accounting records so that the business
continues to chase payment.
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Only (I) is correct b) None is correct
c) Both are correct d) Only (II) is correct
353) The journal entry of decrease in Allowance compared to previous year is?
a) Debit: Allowance b) Debit: Debtors
Credit: Debtors Credit: Allowance
c) Debit: Allowance d) Debit: Bad debts
Credit: Bad debts Credit: Allowance
354) In September 2020 ABC company wrote off an amount of Rs. 56,000 due from a
costumer who had become bankrupt however in January 2021 the company
unexpectedly received half of the amount due from the costumer:
How should the company account for this amount in its accounts for the year
ended on December 2021?
Select the most appropriate answer
a) as an accrual for Rs. 28,000 b) as increase in provision for
doubtful debt of Rs 28,000
c) as a prepayment of Rs 28,000 d) as other income of Rs 28,000

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Chapter 6; Depreciation.
355) Which of the following is/are correct?
(I) All Property, Plant and equipment is not depreciated
(II) Depreciation is started in straight line method when asset is available for use.
a) Only I is correct b) Only II is correct
c) Both are correct d) None in correct
356) Revenue expenditure:
a) Increase production capacity. b) Do not increase production
capacity
c) Benefit in future d) Debited in asset account
357) Which of the following is/are correct?
(I) Revenue expenditure is considered as an expense
(II) Capital expenditure is considered as expense as its effect is for long term.
a) Only I is correct b) Only II is correct
c) Both are correct d) None in correct
358) Which of the following is/are correct?
(I) Repair expense on large monetary amount are capital expenditure.
(II) Under accrual concept income is recognised when it is earned instead of
when it is received.
a) Only I is correct b) Only II is correct
c) Both are correct d) None in correct
359) Which of the following is not capitalised as a directly attributable cost of a
machine?
a) Site preparation b) Initial testing cost
c) Carriage inward for fuel for d) Installation and assembly cost
machinery
360) Which of the following is not a direct cost of using a motor bike?
a) Wheel b) Brakes
c) Rent d) Petrol.
361) Which of the following is not a component of the cost of an asset?
a) Purchase price b) Refundable sales tax
c) Import duties d) Installation And assembly cost.
362) Tom Limited runs a sports equipment manufacturing business with a year end of
31 December 2019. On 1 April 2019, Tom Limited acquired a delivery truck at a cost
of Rs. 4,800,000. The expected life of the truck is 8 years and residual value is
expected to be nil. What is depreciation charge for 2019 on straight line basis?
a) Rs. 600,000 b) Rs. 800,000

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 c) Rs. 450,000 d) Rs. 500,000
363) Saga Sports limited (SSL) runs a sports equipment manufacturing business with
year end of 31 December 2022. SSL acquired a delivery truck at a cost of Rs.
4,800,000 on 1 April 2022. It has an estimated useful life of 8 years and residual
value is expected to be nil. If the straight line method is used for depreciation, what
will be the depreciation charge for the year ended 31 December 2022?
a) Rs 600,000 b) Rs 800,000
c) Rs 450,000 d) Rs 400,000
364) What is the formula of straight line method for depreciation expense?
365) Which of the following is correct?
1. An asset is a resource controlled by the entity.
2. Equity is the residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all its
liabilities.
a) Both are correct b) None is correct
c) Only 1 d) Only 2
366) Which one of the following is correct definition of an asset?
a) An economic resource controlled b) A past economic resource
by entity. controlled by the entity as a result
of present events
c) A present economic resource d) A present economic resource
under the control of entity. controlled by the entity as a
result of past event.
367) Which of the following statements are correct?
1. Sum of digits method and reducing balance method gives higher depreciation in
early years
2. Straight line method and sum of digit method compute depreciation over
economic life.
a) Both are correct b) None is correct
c) Only 1 d) Only 2
368) Which of the following statements are correct?
1. Depreciation commence in straight line and sum of years’ digit method when the
asset is available for use.
2. Sum of direct costs should exceed sum of indirect costs
a) Both are correct b) None is correct
c) Only 1 is correct d) Only 2
369) Which one is incorrect?
1. All items of property plant and equipment must be depreciated
2. Depreciation should commence in straight line method when asset is available
for use.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 a) Both are correct b) None is correct
c) Only 1 is incorrect d) Only 2 in incorrect.
370) Find depreciation expense in third year of an asset from using the following data:
Cost of asset= 25 million, residual value=2 million, reducing balance method
having rate of 20%
After two years’ company shifted its method to straight line with revised residual
value 3 million and remaining useful life 6 years.
a) Rs 5,000,000 b) Rs 4,000,000
c) Rs 2,166,667 d) Rs 3,200,000
371) Find depreciation expense for the year ended 31 December 2021 from using the
following data:
Cost of asset= 40,000 bought on 1 January 2015, residual value=10,000, useful
life=10 years, Company used Straight lines method for depreciation.
On 1 January 2021 company changes its total useful life from 10 to 8 years.
a) 11,000 b) 8,000
c) 6,000 d) 10,000
372) In output method, Depreciation is charged on which basis?
a) Usage of asset basis b) Value of asset basis
c) Useful life basis d) All of these
373) An entity imported a computer server machine having purchase price of Rs. 8.5
million. The entity further incurred the following cost:
Expenditure Amount
Import duties 8%
Non- refundable taxes 5% purchase price excluding import duties
Refundable taxes 10% of purchase price plus import duties
Insurance in transit Rs. 240,000
Carriage inward Rs. 450,000
The server should be capitalised at:
a) Rs 10.295 million b) Rs 11.145 million
c) Rs 9.845 million d) Rs 10.055 million
374) An entity imported a computer server machine having purchase price of Rs. 8.5
million. The entity further incurred the following cost:
Expenditure Amount
Import duties 8%
Non- refundable taxes 5% purchase price plus import duties
Refundable taxes 10% of purchase price plus import duties
Insurance in transit Rs. 240,000
Carriage inward Rs. 450,000

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 The server should be capitalised at:
a) Rs 10.295 million b) Rs 11.145 million
c) Rs 9.845 million d) Rs 10.329 million
375) Which of the following cost is capitalised?
a) Interest paid on loan b) Monthly electricity bill
c) Carriage paid on purchase of d) Annual motor vehicle tax.
plant
376) A company purchased a machine for Rs. 25 million having residual value of 2
million. The machine is being depreciated @ 15% using reducing balance method.
After two years, the company decided to change its depreciation estimate to straight
line method. The remaining useful life of the machinery is 5 years with residual value
of Rs. 3 million. The NBV (net book value) at third year is approximately
Select the most appropriate answer
a) Rs 15.05 million b) Rs 12.15 million
c) Rs 11.50 million d) Rs 14.05 million
377) A company purchased a machine for Rs. 25 million having residual value of 2
million. The machine is being depreciated @ 20% using Straight line method. After
two years, the company decided to change its depreciation estimate to reducing
balance method @30%. The NBV (net book value) at third year-end is
approximately
Select the most appropriate answer
a) Rs 9.06 million b) Rs 12.15 million
c) Rs 11.06 million d) Rs 14.05 million
378) A company purchased a manufacturing plant for Rs. 25 million having residual
value of 3 million. The plant is being depreciated @ 20% per annum using reducing
balance method. What would be the NBV (net book value) of the plant after third
year?
Select the most appropriate answer
a) Rs 11.8 million b) Rs 14.3 million
c) Rs 12.8 million d) Rs 10 million
379) A motor vehicle was purchased for Rs. 1,395,000 on 1 July 2018. It has an
estimated useful life of 5 year and residual value of Rs. 255,000. If the sum of digit
method is used for depreciation what will be the carrying amount of the motor
vehicle as at 30 June 2020
a) Rs 303,000 b) Rs 456,000
c) Rs 711,000 d) Rs 558,000

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
380) A motor vehicle was purchased for Rs. 1,400,000 on 1 January 2019. It has an
estimated useful life of 3 years and residual value of Rs. 200,000. If the reducing
balance method is used for depreciation, what will be the carrying amount of the
motor vehicle as at 31 December 2021?
a) Rs 100,000 b) Rs 200,000
c) Rs 300,000 d) Rs 400,000
381) During the year 2019 an entity purchased a machine for Rs. 20 million to be used
for 6 years. Which of the following would represent residual value of the machine in
2019?
a. Rs 4 million can be currently obtained from disposal of a 6-year-old similar
machine
b. Rs 15 million can be currently obtained from disposal of the machine in present condition
c. Rs. 18 million can be obtained in 2025 from the disposal of the machine in present
condition.
d. Rs. 7 million can be obtained in 2025 from disposal of a 6-year-old similar machine.

382) If a PPE remains idle for whole year, the depreciation expense for the year will
be NIL under:
a) Straight line method b) Units of production method
c) Reducing balance method d) All of the above method
383) The purpose of depreciation is to;
a) Recognize that asset lose value overtime
b) Write the asset down to its realizable value at the end of each period
c) Allocate the depreciable cost on a systematic basis over the asset’s useful life
d) Accumulate a fund for asset replacement

384) If an asset is idle, then in which type of methods no depreciation is charged?

a) Straight line method b) Production units method
c) Both a and b d) Reducing balance method
385) Which of the following is not an asset that falls under the scope of IAS 16 PPE?
a. Assets held for the production or supply of goods or service
b. Tangible assets
c. Assets held for sale in the normal course of business
d. Assets expected to be used for more than one period

386) Depreciation is best described as:

a) A means of estimating amount needed to replace the assets.
b) A means of spreading the net cost of non-current assets over their
estimated useful life.
c) A means of spreading the net cost of current assets over their estimated
useful life.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 d) None of these.
387) In depreciation formula, as we decrease useful life, depreciation value will
a) Increase b) Decrease
c) Constant d) All of these depending on
circumstances.
388) If a property, plant and equipment remains idle for whole year, the depreciation
expense for the year will be NIL under:
a) straight line method b) reducing balance method
c) units of production method d) all of the above methods
389) An entity acquired laptops in exchange of desktops which have carrying amount
of Rs. 450,000 and fair value of Rs. 300,000 at the date of exchange. The list price
of the laptops acquired is Rs. 600,000. The entity is also required to pay cash of Rs.
275,000 in this exchange transaction.
The laptops should be initially recognized at:
a) Rs. 300,000 b) Rs. 575,000
c) Rs. 450,000 d) Rs. 600,000
390) A motor vehicle was purchased for Rs. 1,395,000 on 1 July 2018. It has an
estimated useful life of 5 years and a residual value of Rs. 255,000. If the sum of the
digits method of depreciation is used, what will be the carrying amount of motor
vehicle as at 30 June 2020?
a) Rs. 711,000 b) Rs. 558,000
c) Rs. 456,000 d) Rs. 303,000
391) A company purchased a delivery van for Rs. 1,700,000 with a salvage value of
Rs. 260,000 on 1 October 2021. It has an estimated useful life of 4 years. Using the
straight line method of depreciation, how much depreciation expense should the
company recognize on 31 December 2021?
a) Rs.90,000 b) Rs. 360,000
c) Rs. 425,000 d) Rs. 106,250
392) During the year 2019, an entity purchased a machine for Rs. 20 million to be
used for 6 years. Which of the following would represent residual value of this
machine in 2019?
a) Rs. 15 million can be currently b) Rs. 4 million can be currently
obtained from disposal of the obtained from disposal of a 6
machine in present condition year old similar machine

c) Rs. 18 million can be obtained in d) Rs. 18 million can be obtained in

2025 from disposal of the machine 2025 from disposal of the
in present condition machine in present condition

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
393) Which of the following is NOT an asset that falls under the scope of IAS 16
Property, Plant and Equipment?
a) Tangible assets b) Assets held for the production or
supply of goods or services

c) Assets held for sale in the d) Assets expected to be used for

normal course of business more than one period

394) The cost of a wastebasket having an estimated useful life of 5 years is charged
off as an expense upon purchase. This is an example of the application of the:
a) Consistency b) matching principle
c) materiality concept d) prudence concept.
395) The purpose of depreciation is to
a) allocate the depreciable cost on a b) write the asset down to its
systematic basis over the asset’s realisable value each period
useful life
c) accumulate a fund for asset d) recognise that assets lose value
replacement over time
396) Which of the following should not be shown as an intangible non-current asset?
a) Purchased goodwill b) Non-purchased goodwill
c) Development cost meeting the d) Other intangible assets having
criteria in IAS 38 readily ascertainable market
value
397) Items of property, plant, and equipment should be recognized as assets when it
is probable that:
a) The future economic benefits b) The cost of the asset can be
associated with the asset will flow measured reliably.
to the enterprise
c) Asset is in good condition d) Both A and B
398) A company uses the reducing balance method to depreciate its fixed assets. the
annual rate is 20%. After three years the proportion of original cost still
underappreciated will be:
a) 51.2% b) 48.8%
c) 40.0% d) Impossible to determine. It depends
on the estimated residual value.
399) ___________Is the amount at which an asset is recorded in the balance sheet,
after deducting any accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses?
a) Carrying amount b) Cost
c) Depreciable amount d) Recoverable amount

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400) If a property, plant and equipment remains idle for whole year, the depreciation
expense for the year will be NIL under:
a) straight line method b) reducing balance method
c) units of production method d) all of the above methods
401) If an asset (property, plant & equipment) is idle, then in which type of method no
depreciation is charged:
I) straight line method
II) units of production method
a) Only (I) is correct b) Only (II) is correct
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
402) If an asset remains idle throughout the year, then under sum of digit method, the
depreciation will be:
a) Zero b) charged
c) Constant d) None of these
403) During the year 2019, an entity purchased a machine for Rs. 20 million to be
used for 6 years. Which of the following would represent residual value of this
machine in 2019?
a) Rs. 15 million can be currently b) Rs. 4 million can be currently
obtained from disposal of the obtained from disposal of a 6 year
machine in present condition old similar machine
c) Rs. 4 million can be currently d) Rs. 6 million can be obtained in
obtained from disposal of a 6 year old 2025 from disposal of 6 years old
similar machine in present condition similar machine
404) Which of the following is NOT an asset that falls under the scope of IAS 16
Property, Plant and Equipment?
a) Tangible assets b) Assets held for the production or
supply of goods or services
c) Assets held for sale in the d) Assets expected to be used for
normal course of business more than one period
405) The purpose of depreciation is to
a) allocate the depreciable cost on a b) write the asset down to its realizable
systematic basis over the asset’s value each period.
useful life.
c) accumulate a fund for asset d) recognise that assets lose value
replacement. over time.
406) At the balance sheet date, the balance on the Accumulated Depreciation
Account:
a) Simply deducted from the asset b) Transferred to Profit and Loss
in the Balance Sheet. Account
c) Transferred to the Asset Account d) Transferred to Depreciation

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 Account
407) What from the following is NOT a capital expense?
a) Purchase of property b) Purchase of office equipment
c) Replacement of a vehicle d) Repair of a vehicle
408) Which of the following should be accounted for as capital expenditure?
a) Annual cost of painting a factory b) The repair of a window in a
floor building.
c) The purchase of a vehicle by a d) Legal fees incurred on
garage for resale. purchase of building.
409) The expected disposal value of the asset (after deducting disposal costs) at the
end of its expected useful life is called
a) residual value b) net book value
c) depreciation d) substance over form
410) Depreciation is normally charged as
a) Payable b) Receivable
c) Expense d) advances
411) Long term assets without any physical existence but, possessing a value are
called
a) Intangible assets b) Fixed asset
c) Current assets d) Investments
412) Copyrights, Patents and Trademarks are examples of
a) Current assets b) Fixed assets
c) Intangible assets d) Investments
413) What from the following is NOT a current asset?
a) Patent rights b) Inventory
c) Cash d) Trade receivables
414) What from the following is/are NOT tangible asset(s)?
I. Patent rights
II. Goodwill
III. Land
a) I only b) II only
c) I and II only d) I,II and III
415) Which of the following is/are correct?
1. All items of property plant and equipment are tangible but all tangible assets are
not property plant and equipment
2. All items of property plant and equipment are non-current assets but all non-
current assets are not property plant and equipment

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 a) Both are correct b) None is correct
c) Only 1 is incorrect d) Only 2 in incorrect.
416) Land, building and machinery always depreciated:
a) Correct b) Incorrect
417) Depreciable amount =
a) Cost of an asset + Residual value b) Cost of an asset - Residual value
c) Residual value - Cost of an asset d) None of these
418) A machine is purchased for 45 Million and has a residual value of 4.5 million and
useful life of 8 years. Calculate the rate of depreciation and amount of depreciation
for 1st year.
a) Rate= 25% and Depreciation is b) Rate= 12.5% and Depreciation
Rs. 5,062,500 is Rs. 5,062,500
c) Rate= 25% and Depreciation is d) Rate= 12.5% and Depreciation is
Rs. 5,620,500 Rs. 5,620,500
419) Which adjusting entry will have same impact on accounting equation as
depreciation expense?
a) Unearned revenue. b) Accrued revenue
c) Expired prepaid rent d) Accrued expense.
420) consider this graph and choose the
correct option:

a) The graph represent b) This graph represent book value

depreciation of asset under of asset under straight line
reducing balance method. method.
c) Both are correct d) None is correct
421) What is the relationship between useful life and scrape value in depreciation
expense formula?
a) Direct b) Inverse
c) Constant d) No relation
422) If net book value of an asset after charging first year depreciation is 9.2 million at
rate of 20% per annum. What will be depreciation of year 1 and year 2 under
reducing balance method?
a) Rs 1.41m and Rs 1.84m b) Rs 2.5m and Rs 1.84m
c) Rs 1.84m and Rs 1.84m d) Rs. 2.3m and Rs. 1.84m

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423) Which of the following statements are correct?
(I) sum of digit method and reducing balance method gives higher depreciation
in early years.
(II) straight line method and sum of digits method computes depreciation over
economic life.
a) Only 1 is correct b) only 2 is correct
c) both are correct d) none is correct
424) At the end of useful life accumulated depreciation is
a) same in straight line and reducing balance method
b) less in straight line compared to reducing balance method
c) less in reducing balance compared to straight line method
d) none of these
425) A business purchases a vehicle for taking employees from home to office and
back to their homes and sometimes it is used for owner family members’ personal
visits. This vehicle can be classified in which TWO of the following categories?
a) Inventory held for resale or purchase
b) .inventory held for own use purpose in stock.
c) Asset held for office use employees benefit
d) asset held for own personal use of owner.
426) An item of plant was purchased on 1 April 2008 for Rs. 2,000,000 and is being
depreciated at 25% on a reducing balance basis.
What would be its residual value after its useful life of 5 years?
a) Rs. 632,809 b) Nil
c) Rs. 400,000 d) Rs. 474,609
427) Accumulated Depreciation affect calculation of Depreciation under which
method?
a) Straight line method b) Reducing balance method
c) Both a and b d) None of these

428) Graph of straight line method is?

a) b)

c)

d) None of these

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Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Chapter 7; IAS-2 Inventories.
429) Which of the following is not included in cost of inventory?
a) Selling cost b) Purchase price
c) Non-refundable taxes d) Fixed production overheads
430) Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(i) While calculating NRV we exclude import duties from estimated selling price.
(ii) While calculating NRV we exclude carriage inward from estimated selling price.
a) Only statement 1 is correct b) Only statement 2 is correct
c) both statements are correct d) none is correct
431) Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(i) Credit note issued is recorded in sales day book.
(ii) Specific cost is necessary for not ordinarily interchangeable goods. (Study
Text page 244)
a) Only statement 1 is correct b) Only statement 2 is correct
c) both statements are correct d) none is correct
432) Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(i) Inventory is measured at lower of cost or NRV.
(ii) Inventories include raw material, work-in-progress, finished goods and
supplies
a) Only statement 1 is correct b) Only statement 2 is correct
c) both statements are correct d) none is correct
433) What is the entry of stock given in Charity under periodic system? (Study Text
page 255)
a) Debit: charity expense b) Debit: charity expense
Credit: Purchases Credit: inventory
c) Debit: charity expense d) Debit: charity expense
Credit: supplier Credit: purchases return
434) What is the entry of stock given in Charity under perpetual system? (Study Text
page 255)
a) Debit: charity expense b) Debit: charity expense
Credit: Purchases Credit: inventory
c) Debit: charity expense d) Debit: charity expense
Credit: supplier Credit: purchases return
435) When inventory is sold, it is treated in books as:
a) Asset b) Liability
c) Expense d) Income

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436) Which of the following classification one is correct, when we buy 30 cars?
a) Inventory, if we are dealing in sale and purchase of cars.
b) Fixed assets, if we buy cars for personal use.
c) Fixed assets, if we buy cars for going to office
d) Inventory, if we purchase cars for business employees.
437) In case of inflationary economy which of the following method of inventory
valuation is best?
a) FIFO b) AVCO
c) Standard cost d) Retail method
438) In case of deflationary economy (when Prices are decreasing) highest value of
inventory is in which of the following method?
a) FIFO b) AVCO
c) Both a and b d) None of these
439) Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(i) Standard cost method takes into account normal levels of materials, supplies,
labour, efficiency and capacity utilization.
(ii) They are regularly reviewed and if necessary, revised in the light of current
conditions. (Study Text page 244)
a) Only statement 1 is correct b) Only statement 2 is correct
c) both statements are correct d) none is correct
440) Raw material which are incorporated into goods manufactured but are not easily
identifiable to the goods being made would be classified as:
a) Manufacturing overheads b) Direct material
c) Work in progress d) Direct overheads
441) Alpha Traders (AT) has closing inventory of Rs. 20,000 at 31 December 2022 out
of which 12 units are damaged having cost Rs. 16,000 and could be sold at Rs.
22,000 after bearing Rs. 5,000 repairing cost
The value of inventory as at 31 December 2022 should be:
a) Rs. 16,000 b) Rs. 22,000
c) Rs. 18,000 d) Rs. 20,000
442) Karachi Traders (KT) perform stock count on 10 January 2023 for the year ended
31 December 2022. The stock count revealed inventory value of Rs. 480,000.
During 1 January to 10 January 2023, KT sold inventory for Rs. 81,000 at cost plus
35% and purchased inventory of Rs. 38,000.
The value of inventory as at 31 December 2022 should be:
a) Rs. 523,000 b) Rs. 502,000
c) Rs. 458,000 d) Rs. 437,000

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443) Which of the following statements regarding inventory valuation is correct?
a) All inventory items should be b) The purchase price of items
valued at cost. which have been held for the
longest period is an acceptable
method for valuing inventory.
c) Inventory valuation should d) All inventory items should be
exclude profit which has not yet valued at anticipated selling price
been earned less any cost which will be
incurred.
444) Which of the following is not in the trial balance of perpetual inventory system?
a) Cost of goods sold b) Inventory
c) Sales return d) Purchase return
445) When market prices are declining, which method give less profit?
a) FIFO b) Weighted average
c) Both of these d) None of these
446) Which method is more suitable for inventory valuation and most accurate profit
calculation?
Answer
The choice between FIFO (First-In, First-Out) and AVCO (Weighted Average Cost) as a
method for calculating profit depends on various factors, including the nature of your
business, the industry, and specific circumstances. Neither method is inherently more
accurate than the other; they serve different purposes and have different advantages
and disadvantages.
Here's a brief comparison of the two methods:
1. FIFO (First-In, First-Out):
Advantages:
 Matches current costs with current revenues, which can provide a more accurate
reflection of profit when there are significant price fluctuations (e.g., during inflation).
 May be preferred when the flow of inventory is important to track for financial
reporting or tax purposes.
Disadvantages:
 Can result in higher taxable income and higher taxes in periods of rising prices
because it tends to allocate older, lower-cost inventory to COGS.
 Can lead to inventory valuation mismatches when physical inventory doesn't match
the accounting records.
2. AVCO (Weighted Average Cost):
Advantages:

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 Smoothes out the impact of price fluctuations, which can be beneficial in stable
price environments.
 Simpler to calculate and implement, making it easier for smaller businesses.
Disadvantages:
 May not accurately reflect the current cost of goods sold when prices are volatile.
 Can result in tax advantages or disadvantages depending on price trends.
In summary, neither FIFO nor AVCO is universally more accurate in calculating profit.
The choice between them should be based on the specific circumstances and
objectives of your business. If you are in an industry with stable prices, AVCO might be
sufficient. However, if you are dealing with significant price fluctuations, FIFO may
provide a more accurate reflection of profit. It's essential to consult with an accountant
or financial advisor who can help you choose the method that best suits your business's
needs and complies with relevant accounting standards and tax regulations.
447) What is retail method?
Answer: It is often used in the retail industry for measuring inventories of large numbers
of rapidly changing items with similar margins for which it is impracticable to use other
costing methods. The cost of the inventory is determined by reducing the sales value of
the inventory by the appropriate percentage gross margin.
448) Bilal has started a trading business. He deals in goods where price is usually
rising over the time. Which of the following statement is correct regarding selection
of FIFO and average method in this case?
a) FIFO will result in lower reported b) Average method will give more
profit accurate profit

c) Avg. method will lead to higher d) Profit will be unaffected by the

cost of ending stock selection of inventory method

449) In decreasing price trend, inventory value will be higher under which of the
following method?
a) FIFO method b) Weighted Average method
c) Both a and b d) None of these
450) In preparing its financial statement for the current year an entity closing inventory
was understated by Rs. 200,000. What will be the effect of this error if it remains
uncorrected?
a. The current year profit will be overstated and next year profit will be understated
b. The current year profit will be understated and next year profit will be
overstated

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 c. The current year profit will be overstated but there will be no effect on next year
profit.
d. The current year profit will be understated but there will be no effect on next year
profit.

451) Which of the following does not require Journal entry in periodic inventory
method?
a) Goods retuned by a supplier b) Closing stock
c) Abnormal loss d) Normal loss
452) A company purchased an inventory item at purchase price at Rs 1800 and also
incurred freight in cost of Rs. 155. The item will be sold at a margin of 15% after
incurring freight out and packing cost of Rs 200 and Rs 150 respectively. At which
value the item should be carried in the books?
a) Rs 1,800 b) Rs 1,955
c) Rs 1,950 d) Rs 2,300
453) Calculate the value of closing stock:
Items Cost NRV
Product A 95,000 93,000
Product B 100,000 102,000
Product C 85,000 79,000
Product D 78,000 85,000
Product E 44,000 41,000
a) Rs 402,000 b) Rs 391,000
c) Rs 400,000 d) Rs 401,000
454) If we take goods for own use, we should record which TWO of the following
possible entries in different accounting systems.
a) Debit Drawings Account, b) Debit Drawings Account:
Credit Purchases Account Credit Stock Account

c) Debit Sales Account: d) Debit Purchases Account:

Credit Stock Account Credit Drawings Account

455) Which of the following entry will be required for drawings under perpetual
inventory system?
a) Debit Drawings Account, b) Debit Drawings Account:
Credit Purchases Account Credit Stock Account

c) Debit Stock Account: d) Debit Purchases Account:

Credit Drawings Account Credit Drawings Account

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456) In order to find out the value of the closing stock during the end of the financial
year we,
a) do this by stocktaking b) deduct the cost of goods sold
from sales
c) deduct opening stock from the d) look in the stock account
cost of goods sold
457) Which from the following is included in the cost of purchases of an inventory
item? (Study Text page 234)
a) Abnormal loss b) Freight in
c) Rent of store d) Administrative Salaries
458) Raw materials that are remaining at the end of the reporting period are treated as
a) Liabilities b) expenses
c) fixed assets d) current assets
459) The goods that have been sold to the customers are treated as in the financial
statements.
a) Inventories b) expenses
c) income d) debt
460) The goods that have not been sold to the customers till the end of the reporting
period are considered as:
a) inventories b) expenses
c) sales d) purchases
461) Which one is correct?
(I) Retail method in the retail industry for measuring inventories of large numbers
of rapidly changing items with similar margins for which it is impracticable to
use other costing methods.
(II) Specific identification method is necessary for inventory which is not
interchangeable.
a) Only I b) Only II
c) Both are correct d) Both incorrect.
462) Which TWO of the following have no entry in periodic inventory system? (Study
Text page 255)
a) Normal loss b) Closing inventory
c) Cost of sales d) Abnormal loss
463) Which of the following is correct?
(I) Cost of inventory is determined at lower of purchase price and Net Realizable
Value.
(II) Cost of inventory does not include indirect conversion cost.
a) Only I b) Only II

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 c) Both d) None
464) Write down of inventories to Net Realizable Value (NRV) should be recognised
as:
a) Deferred expenses and transferred to profit and loss account based on
inventory movement to which write down relates.
b) An expense in the subsequent period in which such write down is warranted.
c) An expense in the period in which write down occurs. (page 238)
d) Current liabilities
465) Which TWO of the following decrease the equity?
a) Write down to NRV b) Purchase lift truck on credit
c) Depreciation d) Borrowing loan on credit.
466) Which of the following statements are correct?
(I) In case of trade discount purchase price is not effected;
(II) In case of settlement discount, the sales are initially recognised at discounted
amount
a) Only (I) is correct b) None is correct
c) Both are correct d) Only (II) is correct
467) Which of the following statements are correct?
(I) If the cash discount is expected to be availed, then the purchases are
recognised at discounted amount.
(II) If the payment is expected to be made within the discounted period, then
sales are recognised at discounted amount
a) Only (I) is correct b) None is correct
c) Both are correct d) Only (II) is correct
468) Which of the following accounts should be debited to record credit sale of
inventory under perpetual system?
a) Only Accounts receivable b) Accounts receivable and
inventory
c) Accounts receivable, cost of d) Accounts receivable and cost
goods sold and inventory of goods sold
469) Which of the following account is not prepared in periodic inventory system?
a) Sales b) Purchase return
c) Cost of goods sold d) Purchases
470) Inventories damaged are still counted:
a) Correct b) Incorrect.

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Chapter 8; Accounting for Manufacturing.
471) Which of the following is correct?
a) Cost of goods sold = opening Inventory + purchase +closing inventory
b) closing Inventory= opening Inventory +purchases - cost of goods sold
c) cost of goods sold = -opening inventory - Purchase +closing inventory
d) cost of goods sold = opening Inventory - purchase -closing inventory
472) Direct cost is?
a) directly attributable to a product b) not directly attributable to a
product
c) supervisor salary d) electricity expense
473) Fixed production overheads are included on the basis of:
a) Actual level of production b) Normal production capacity
c) Both of these d) None of these
474) What is the Journal entry of transfer of cost on completion of production?
DEBIT CREDIT
(a) Cost of sale Finished goods inventory
(b) WIP Inventory Production OH
(c) Finished goods inventory WIP Inventory
(d) Finished goods inventory Cost of sale
475) The cost of direct material is classified as?
Manufacturing cost (FOH) Prime cost
(a) Yes Yes
(b) Yes No
(c) No Yes
(d) No No
a) Choice A b) Choice B
c) Choice C d) Choice D
476) A manufacturing entity has policy of holding no inventory of any type whether raw
materials, WIP or finished goods. During an accounting period it only produced
goods from raw material purchased by it. Its cost of sales should be equal to:
a) Cost of direct material consumed b) Prime cost
c) Direct labour+ Production Overhead d) Prime cost+ Production Overhead
477) Which of the following statement are correct?
(I) Items of other expenses that are immaterial are presented as expenses
(II) Other entities (non-manufacturing) may present other expenses that are
material to their business.
a) Only (I) is correct b) Only (II) is correct

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 c) Both are correct d) None is correct
478) Which of the following is not included in manufacturing overhead?
a) Indirect material b) Indirect labour
c) Depreciation d) Direct material
479) Which of the following is correct?
(I) Fuel cost used in transportation business is direct cost.
(II) Depreciation expense of an asset is equal to accumulated depreciation.
a) Only I is correct b) Only II
c) Both correct d) None correct
480) Which of the following is correct entry for direct material issued of Rs. 20,000 and
indirect material issued of Rs. 5,000 to Production department?
a) Dr: Cost of Sales 25,000 b) Dr: Production OH 25,000
Cr: Production OH 25,000 Cr: Cash/ Accrual 25,000
c) Dr: Inventory (W.I.P) 25,000 d) Dr: Inventory (W.I.P) 20,000
Cr: Production OH 25,000 Dr: Production OH 5,000
Cr: Inventory (Material) 25,000
481) Prime cost means
a) Sum of direct material and factory overhead costs
b) Sum of direct material and selling costs
c) Sum of indirect material and direct labour costs
d) Sum of direct material and direct labour costs
482) Which of the following correctly describes a Prime cost?
a) All direct costs b) Production overheads
c) Direct labour cost+ direct d) Indirect labour
expenses
483) Which of the following correctly describes a conversion cost?
a) All direct costs b) Direct Labour + Production
overheads
c) Direct labour cost+ direct d) Indirect labour
expenses
484) Which of the following equation is correct for calculating cost of goods
manufactured?
a) =Prime Cost + Opening inventory (raw material) – Closing inventory (raw material)
b) = Prime Cost + Opening inventory (WIP) – Closing inventory (WIP)
c) =Factory Cost + Opening inventory (raw material) – Closing inventory (raw
material)
d) = Factory Cost + Opening inventory (WIP) – Closing inventory (WIP)

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485) Which of the following equation is correct for calculating cost of goods sold?
a) =Prime Cost + Opening inventory (raw material) – Closing inventory (raw material)
b) =Cost of goods manufactured+Opening inventory(FG)–Closing inventory
(FG)
c) =Factory Cost + Opening inventory (raw material) – Closing inventory (raw
material)
d) = Factory Cost + Opening inventory (WIP) – Closing inventory (WIP)
486) Which of the following correctly describes over absorption?
a) Actual > absorption b) Absorption > actual
c) Budget > actual d) Actual > Budget
487) Direct cost is?
a) Directly attributable to a cost b)
unit
c) d)
488) What is cost unit?
Answer
A cost unit is defined as “a unit of quantity of product, service, or time (or a combination
of these) in relation to which costs may be ascertained or expressed.” In other words, a
cost unit is a standard or unit of measurement of the goods manufactured or services
rendered.
Electric Company: Cost unit per unit
Furniture Industries: Cost unit per number
Brick Industries: Cost unit per 1000 bricks
Oil Companies: Cost unit per litre
489) Royalty paid is
a) Direct expense b) Indirect expense
c) Capital expenditure d) Admin expense
490) Which of the following item is a direct cost?
a) Royalty paid b) Cleaning material for factory
c) Factory rent d) Wages of factory manager.
491) What entry should be recorded when actual overhead expenditure is incurred?
a) Dr: Cost of Sales b) Dr: Production OH
Cr: Production OH Cr: Cash/ Accrual
c) Dr: Inventory (W.I.P) d) Dr: Production OH
Cr: Production OH Cr: Cost of sale

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492) What entry should be recorded when overhead expenditure is absorbed?
e) Dr: Cost of Sales f) Dr: Production OH
Cr: Production OH Cr: Cash/ Accrual
g) Dr: Inventory (W.I.P) h) Dr: Production OH
Cr: Production OH Cr: Cost of sale
493) what is cost of conversion?
Answer: Direct labour+ factory Overheads
494) Which two of the following is included in cost of inventory?
a) Recoverable taxes paid on b) Normal wastages of material
purchases
c) Selling cost d) Fixed manufacturing
overheads
495) Alpha Trading Limited (ATL) used its own staff, assisted by contractors when
required, to construct a new warehouse for its own use. Identify the costs listed
below that cannot be capitalized.
a) Clearance of the site prior to commencement of construction
b) Professional surveyor fees for managing the construction work
c) ATL’s own staff wages for time spent working on construction
d) A proportion of ATL’s administration costs, based on staff time spent

496) A business has an overhead absorption rate of RS 425 PER MACHINE HOUR
based on budgeted level of activity. Which is 12400 hours. In the period covered by
the budget actual machine hours worked were 2% more than the budgeted hours
and actual overhead expense incurred was RS. 5638900. What was the absorbed
OH for the period?
a) Rs 5,638,000 b) Rs 5,375,400
c) Rs 5,270,000 d) Rs 5,500,000
497) What entry should be recorded when actual OH expenditure is incurred
DEBIT CREDIT
(a) COST OF SALE PRODUCTION OH
(b) INVENTORY WIP PRODUCTION OH
(c) PRODUCTION OH CASH
(d) PRODUCTION OH COST OF SALE

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498) Consider the following diagram:

Which of the following cost would be most likely to be illustrated by the

diagram given below?
a) Indirect material cost b) Direct material cost
c) Factory rent d) Labour cost
499) Which of the following best describes a period cost?
a. A cost that is identifies with a unit produced during the period is included in the
value of inventory. The cost is treated as an expense for the period when the
inventory is actually sold.
b. A cost that can be easily allocated to a particular period without the need for
arbitrary apportionment between periods.
c. A cost that relates to a time period is not included in the inventory
valuation. The entire cost is treated as an expense for the period
d. A cost that is incurred regularly every period e.g., every month or quarter.

500) Which group only contains indirect cost?

a) Carriage inwards , factory rent , b) Carriage inwards , raw materials ,
wages of factory supervisors wages of machine operators
c) Depreciation of machinery , d) Depreciation of machinery , raw
factory rent , wages of factory materials , wages of machine
supervisors operators
501) During the month of July 2020, a manufacturing business issued Rs. 20.2 million
of direct materials to the factory and Rs. 4.9 million of indirect materials. What is the
double entry for these issues of materials?
a) Dr. Materials Control Rs. 25.1m & Cr. b) Dr. WIP Rs. 4.9m & Dr. Production
WIP Rs. 4.9m & Cr. Production OH OH Rs. 20.2m & Cr. Materials
Rs. 20.2m Control Rs. 25.1m
c) Dr. WIP Rs. 20.2m & Dr. Production d) Dr. Materials Control Rs. 25.1m &
OH Rs. 4.9m & Cr. Materials Cr. WIP Rs. 20.2m & Cr. Production
Control Rs. 25.1m OH Rs. 4.9m

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502) During month, the direct production workers worked for 810 hours including 190
hours of general overtime. The indirect workers worked for 230 hours, which
included 38 hours of general overtime. The direct production workers have a basis
rate of Rs. 790 per hour and the indirect have a basic rate of Rs. 590 per hour. All
overtime is paid at time plus one-half.
What is the amount that will be debited to the production overhead account?
a) Rs. 826,310 b) Rs. 790,000
c) Rs. 775,600 d) Rs. 265,410
503) An entity engaged in manufacturing has policy of holding no inventory of any type
whether raw materials, WIP or finished goods. During an accounting period it only
produced goods from raw material purchased by it. Its cost of sales shall be equal
to:
a) Prime Cost+ Production b) Direct labour +Production
Overheads Overheads
c) Prime Cost d) Cost of direct materials consumed
504) Direct labor includes the wages of:
a) The shop foreman. b) an hourly worker producing the
product.
c) maintenance workers. d) administrators
505) A business has an overhead absorption rate of Rs 425 per machine hour based
on budgeted level of activity. Which is 12,400 hours. In the period covered by the
budget actual machine hours worked were 2% more than the budgeted hours and
actual overhead expense incurred was Rs. 5,638,900. What was the absorbed OH
for the period?
a) Rs. 5,638,000 b) Rs. 5,375,400
c) Rs. 5270000 d) Rs. 5,500,000
506) What entry should be recorded when actual OH expenditure is incurred
a) Cost of sale to Production OH b) Inventory WIP to production OH
c) Production OH to cash d) Production OH to cost of sale
507) Which of the following cost would most likely to be remain same at any level of
activity?
a) Indirect material cost b) Direct material cost
c) Factory rent d) Labour cost
508) _______ A/c is credited and_________ A/c is debited in case wages are paid for
construction of business premises
a) Cash, Wages b) Cash, Premises
c) Premises, Cash d) Wages, Cash
509) Which of the following is correct in case of over-absorbed Overheads?
a) Actual OH > Absorbed OH b) Absorbed OH > Actual OH

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 c) Actual OH > under-Absorbed OH d) Absorbed OH > Production OH
510) What entry should be recorded for under-absorbed overhead at the end of
period?
a) Debit: Production OH b) Debit: inventory (WIP)
Credit: cash/accruals Credit: Production OH
c) Debit: cost of sale (P&L) d) Debit: Production OH
Credit: Production OH Credit: cost of sale (P&L)
511) What entry should be recorded for over-absorbed overhead at the end of period?
a) Debit: Production OH b) Debit: inventory (WIP)
Credit: cash/accruals Credit: Production OH
c) Debit: cost of sale (P&L) d) Debit: Production OH
Credit: Production OH Credit: cost of sale (P&L)
512) Which of the following is correct?
(I) Fuel cost used in transportation business is direct cost.
(II) Sum of direct costs should exceed indirect costs.
a) Only I is correct b) Only II
c) Both correct d) None correct
513) What is the formula of manufacturing cost?
a) Direct Material + direct labour + production overheads + non-production cost.
b) Direct Material + direct labour +production overheads+ .
c) Direct Material + direct labour + direct expense + production
overheads.
d) Direct Material +direct labour +direct expense +production overheads + non-
production cost.
514) Which of the following is a direct cost?
a) Assembling cost b) Temporary assembling cost
c) Store keeper cost d) Factory supervisor cost.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Chapter 9; Preparation of Financial Statements.
515) The main aim of financial accounting is to:
a) Record all transactions in the b) Provide management with
books of account. detailed analyses of costs.
c) Present the financial results of d) Calculate profit.
an organization by mean of
financial statements.
516) Which of the following is/are correct?
(i) Accounting can be descried as the recording and summarizing of transactions.
(ii) Financial accounting describes the production of a statement of financial position and
statement of profit or loss for internal use.
Select the most appropriate answer.
a) Only I is correct b) Only II is correct
c) Both correct d) None correct
517) A business fails to record accrued income in its books.
How this will effect profit for the year and current assets?
Profit for the year Current assets
(a) Decrease No effect
(b) Decrease Decrease
(c) No effect No effect
(d) No effect Decrease
518) A business fails to record accrued income in its books.
How this will effect profit for the year and current assets?
Profit for the year Current assets
(a) Decrease No effect
(b) Decrease Decrease
(c) No effect No effect
(d) No effect Decrease
519) A credit balance of discounts in the trial balance indicates that the company has:
a) Allowed discounts to customers. b) Return inwards
c) Received discounts from d) Return outwards
suppliers.
520) Which of the following is/are correct?
(i) Expenses, liabilities and income accounts are closed at every month end.
(ii) Closing balance of expenses, liabilities and income are calculated at end of the year.
Select the most appropriate answer.
a) Only I b) Only II

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 c) Both correct d) None correct
521) An entity prepared the draft accounts for the year ended 31 December 2022, but
did not adjust prepayments of Rs. 1,500 and an accrual of Rs. 400.
How will net profit and net assets will be affected by adjusting the above issues?
Net profit will Net assets will
(a) Increase by Rs. 1,100 Reduce by Rs. 1,100
(b) Reduce by Rs. 1,100 Increase by Rs. 1,100
(c) Increase by Rs. 1,100 Increase by Rs. 1,100
(d) Reduce by Rs. 1,100 Reduce by Rs. 1,100
522) An entity prepared the draft accounts for the year ended 31 December 2022, but
did not adjust prepayments of rent Rs. 970.
How will net profit and net assets will be affected by adjusting the above issue?
a) Profit will be increased by 970 and liabilities will also be increased by 970
b) Profit will be decreased by 970 and liabilities will be increased by 970
c) Profit will be increased by 970 and assets will also be increased by 970
d) Profit will be increased by 970 and assets will be decreased by 970
523) Following summarized trial balance as at 31 December 2015 pertains to Moon
Trading (MT) who deals in office machines:
Debit Credit
Rs. In million
Other income 15
Review of other income revealed the following information:
On 1 August 2015, MT received an amount of Rs. 1.8 million as 50% advance
against a maintenance contract covering the period from 1 September 2015 to 31
May 2016 and was credited to other income. The balance amount would be paid
on completion of the contract.
What is the correct amount of other income to be shown in SOCI?
a) Rs 1.8 million b) Rs 3.6 million
c) Rs 0.2 million d) Rs 1.6 million
524) Trading account is not used for the calculation of?
a) Cost of Sales b) Gross Profit
c) Net receivables d) All of these
525) Which of the following statements regarding inventory valuation are correct?
(I) Storage cost of finished goods is not included in the cost of inventory
(II) Normal capacity of production takes into account the loss of capacity resulting
from planned maintenance.
Select the most appropriate answer.
a) Only I b) Only II

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 c) Both correct d) None correct
526) Statement of Comprehensive income is prepared for
a) Whole year b) Last day of Accounting year

527) Statement of Financial Position is prepared for

b) Whole year b) Last day of Accounting year

528) Which two of the following items would be appearing in analysis of expenses by
nature?
a) Salaries expense b) Admin expense
c) Distribution expense d) Finance cost
529) Which of the following errors will create balance in a suspense account?
a) Repairs expense was considered b) Purchase of inventory was
as purchase of asset considered as purchase of non-
current asset

c) An invoice of Rs. 2,500 was totally d) Petty cash expenses of Rs. 500
omitted from the books were only credited to bank
account
530) Statement of comprehensive income is prepared for
a) Last day of accounting year b) For whole year
531) Statement of financial position is prepared for
c) Last day of accounting year d) For whole year
532) In preparing its financial statement for the current year an entity closing inventory
was understated by Rs. 200,000. What will be the effect of this error if it remains
uncorrected?
a) The current year profit will be b) The current year profit will be
overstated and next year profit will understated and next year
be understated profit will be overstated
c) The current year profit will be d) The current year profit will be
overstated but there will be no understated but there will be no
effect on next year profit. effect on next year
533) Which TWO of the following items would be appearing in analysis of expenses by
function?
a) Salaries expense b) Admin expense
c) Distribution expense d) Finance cost
534) Mr. Aslam takes goods from business for personal use.
How this will effect profit for the year and current assets?

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Profit for the year Current assets
(e) Decrease No effect
(f) Decrease Decrease
(g) No effect No effect
(h) No effect Decrease

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Chapter 10; Bank Reconciliation.
535) The Payment of Pay order which is pre-printed with the word “not negotiable” is
recorded at:
a) Added in cashbook balance b) Added in bank balance
c) Added in cash and bank balance d) Ignored
536) If it is found that the receipt side of cash book has been under-casted, then
preparing Bank Reconciliation Statement, it should be:
a) Deducted from cashbook balance b) Added in BRS
c) Added in cashbook balance d) Deducted from BRS
537) BRS is prepared by:
a) Bank of business entity b) Accountant of business
c) Auditor of business d) Major customer of business
538) Supplier return cheque due to fault in goods recorded on which side of cash book
a) Debit Side Of Bank Column b) Credit Side Of Bank Column
c) Debit Side Of Cash Column d) Credit Side Of Cash Column
539) A cheque issued of Rs. 1678 but recorded in Cashbook as Rs. 1890, the
correction of will be recorded as:
a) Debit Cashbook Rs. 212 b) Credit Bank Statement Rs. 212
c) Credit Cashbook Rs. 212 d) Debit Bank Statement Rs. 212
540) Bank correctly record payment of cheque of Rs. 236 while in cash book it is
written as Rs. 263. What should be done to correct it?
a) Add Rs. 27 in BRS b) Deduct Rs. 27 from BRS
c) Add Rs. 27 in cash book d) Deduct Rs. 27 from cashbook
541) Dishonoured cheque is recorded in
a) Receipt side of cashbook b) Payment side of cashbook
c) Both sides of cashbook d) None of these
542) How would dishonour of customers cheque be recorded in cashbook?
Select the most Appropriate Answer
a) Recorded on Receipt as well as b) Not recorded in cashbook
payment side of cashbook
c) Recorded on payment side only d) Recorded on receipt side only.
543) Payment of goods in transit is recorded in BRS
a) Added in Bank statement balance b) Deducted from Bank statement
or deducted from cashbook balance or added in cashbook
balance balance
c) Is never adjusted in BRS d) None of these.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
544) What is the entry of dishonoured cheques?
a) Debit: Receivables b) Debit: Bank Account
Credit: bank Account Credit: Receivables
c) Debit: Receivables d) Debit: Payables
Credit: Cash Account Credit: bank Account
545) Which of the following reasons require an entry in the bank account in your
general ledger?
(I) A cheque from one of your customers amounting to Rs. 24,000 was returned
by the bank as unpaid because the customer has gone bankrupt.
(II) A cheque amounting to Rs. 18,000 in the name of your brother was
erroneously credited by bank in your account.
a) Both are correct b) None is correct
c) Only 1 d) Only 2
546) Dishonour cheques are recorded on which side of the Cash book?
a) Receipt side b) Payment side
c) Both sides d) None of these
547) For reconciling bank balances unpresented cheques should be:
a. Deducted from balance of bank statement or added to balance of cash
book
b. Added to balance of bank statement or deducted from balance of cash book
c. Deducted from balance of bank statement and added to balance of cash book
d. Added to balance of bank statement and deducted from balance of cash book

548) Which of the following statement is correct?

a. Credit balance as per bank statement means a bank overdraft
b. Debit balance as per bank statement means a bank overdraft
c. Debit balance as per cash book means bank overdraft
d. credit balance as per cash book means an asset.

549) Determine the balance as per the bank statement using the following information.
Rupees
Balance as per cash book 49,100
Cheques received and deposited into the bank but not yet credited in the 4,600
bank statement
Unpresented cheque 6,300
Credit transfer appearing in the bank statement but not entered in the cash 3,400
book

a) Rs 52,500 b) Rs 54,200
c) Rs 58,800 d) Rs 50,800

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
550) On 30 June 2021, cashbook of Abbas Enterprises reflected a credit balance of
Rs 167,000 and bank statement showed a credit balance of Rs 125,000. Which two
of the following situations can reconcile the balance?
a) Unpresented cheques of Rs b) Unpresented cheques of Rs
304,000 and bank charges of Rs 280,000 and bank charges of Rs
12,000 12,000
c) bank charges of Rs 12,000 and d) Unpresented cheques of Rs
uncleared cheques of Rs 304,000 432,000 and uncleared cheques
of Rs 140,000
551) Determine the balance as per bank statement using the following information:
Balance as per cash book: 49,100
Cheques received and deposited into the bank, but not yet credited 6,300
in the bank statement
Unpresented cheques; 4,600
Credit transfers appearing in the bank statement but not entered in 3,400
the cash book;

a) Rs. 52,500 b) Rs. 54,200

c) Rs. 58,800 d) Rs. 50,800
552) Which of the following statements is correct?
a) Debit balance as per bank b) Debit balance as per cash book
statement means a bank means a bank overdraft
overdraft
c) Credit balance as per bank d) Credit balance as per cash book
statement means a bank overdraft means an asset
553) For reconciling bank balances, unpresented cheques should be:
a) added to balance of bank b) deducted from balance of bank
statement and deducted from statement or added to balance
balance of cash book of cash book
c) deducted from balance of bank d) added to balance of bank
statement and added to balance of statement or deducted from
cash book balance of cash book
554) On the bank statement, cash deposited by the company is known as
a) Credit b) Debit
c) Liability d) Expenses
555) How we handle "Deposit in transit" in bank reconciliation?
a) Added to Bank Balance b) Subtracted From Bank Balance
c) Subtracted From the Cash Book d) Added to Cashbook Balance
Balance

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
556) Unpresented cheques also referred to as
a) Bounced cheques b) Outstanding cheques
c) Uncredited cheques d) Uncollected cheques
557) In cash book, bank charges of 50,000 was not recorded. what will be the correct
cash book adjustment?
a) it will be credited in cash book b) It will be debited in cash book
c) No adjustment needed in the cash d) Charges will be added to the
book cash book balance
558) A cheque received from supplier on return of faulty goods recorded in cash
book?
a) Payment side of cash book b) Receipt side of cash book
c) Both payment side and receipt d) No entry
side.
559) How would dishonor of customer’s cheque be recorded in cash book?
a) Recorded on receipt as well on b) not recorded in cash book
payment side
c) recorded on payment side only d) recorded on receipt side only
560) Which of the following reasons require an entry in the bank account in your
general ledger?
(I) A cheque from one of your customers amounting to Rs. 24,000 was returned
by the bank as unpaid, as the customer has gone bankrupt.
(II) A cheque amounting Rs. 18,000 in the name of your brother was erroneously
credited by the bank in your account.
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Only (I) is correct b) None is correct
c) Both are correct d) Only (II) is correct
561) The following information pertains to XYZ limited:
Rupees
Balance as per cash book (credit) 26,000
Balance as per bank statement (credit) 6,500
Unpresented cheques 45,500
The only reconciling item left is some cheques left banked and not yet credited in the
bank statements.
What is the total of cheques banked and not yet credited?
Select the most appropriate answer:
a) Rs 13,000 b) Rs 78,000
c) Rs. 65,000 d) Rs 26,000

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
562) Favorable balance means:
a) Credit balance in the cash book b) Debit balance in bank statement
c) Debit balance in the cash book d) All of these
563) Which two of the following statements are correct?
a) Bank reconciliation statement is b) Debit balance of cash book is a
prepared at the end of the favourable balance
accounting year only.
c) Bank reconciliation statement can d) To search causes of difference,
be started with cash book balance debit side of cash book (bank
only. column) is compared with the
credit column of Bank
statement and vice versa.
564) A cheque is issued to withdraw cash for office use will be presented in cash book
at:
a) Payment side only b) Receipt side only
c) Payment and receipt both sides d) None of these
565) For reconciling bank balances, unpresented cheques should be
a) Added to balance of bank b) Deducted from the balance of
statement and deducted from bank statement or added to
balance of cash book balance of cash book
c) Deducted from the balance of d) Added to balance of bank
bank statement and added to statement or deducted from
balance of cash book balance of cash book
566) Which of the following statement is correct?
a) Debit balance as per bank b) Debit balance as per cash book
statement means a bank over means a bank overdraft
draft
c) Credit balance as per bank d) Credit balance as per cash book
statement means a bank over means an asset
draft
567) A bank overdraft is shown as a/an _______ balance in the bank statement.
a) Debit b) credit
c) credit - debit d) none of these
568) Cheques issued but not presented, cause the bank statement balance to be the
cash book balance.
a) greater than b) less than
c) equal to d) the two statements are irrelevant
569) Bank transactions are not recorded in which of the following?
a) Single column cashbook b) Three column cashbook

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 c) Petty cashbook d) Double column cashbook
570) For reconciling bank balances, unpresented cheques should be:
a) added to balance of bank b) deducted from balance of bank
statement and deducted from statement or added to balance
balance of cash book of cash book
c) deducted from balance of bank d) added to balance of bank
statement and added to balance of statement or deducted from
cash book balance of cash book
571) In which book of prime entry correction of error would be usually be recorded?
a) Cashbook b) Petty cash book
c) Error correction book d) General Journal

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Question-1
Following is the trial balance of Salman for the year ended 30 June 2014:

Rs. in‘000’ Rs.in‘000’

Debit Credit
Drawings 30,500 Salman’s capital 300,000
Trade Debtors 109,420 Creditors 104,724
Goodwill 20,000 Loan taken from bank 40,000
Interest on Bank loan 800 Bad debts provision as on 1 900
July 2013
Cash in hand 728 Sales 353,300
Plant & Machinery-WDV 45,000 Interest received 11,930
Factor building-WDV 42,400 Bills payable 23,150
Sales return 10,000 Accrued expenses 3,460
Cash at bank 13,512 Other income 3,100
Power and utility charges 6,500
Trade discount 2,432
Purchase less return 330,530
Salaries and wages 40,400
Rent and rates 6,992
Insurance 2,000
Advertisement 4,512
Opening stock 127,762
Carriage inward 10,420
Bills receivable 32,526
Miscellaneous expenses 4,130
840,564 840,564
Additional information:
(i) On 1 July 2013 a machine was purchased for Rs. 500 thousand. However, this
cost has wrongly been posted to the purchases account.
(ii) Salman’s son works as the head of administration and received a salary of Rs.
150 thousand per month, which has been included in drawings.
(iii) Insurance premium was paid in advance to the extent of Rs. 650 thousand.
(iv) Depreciation is to be charged on written down value (WDV) as follows:
Plant and machinery 10%
Factory and building 5%
(v) Provision for bad debts is maintained at 2% of trade debtors.
(vi) Closing stock as on 30 June 2014 amounted to Rs. 237,500 thousand.
Required:
Prepare statement of comprehensive income (Trading and Profit and Loss account) for
the year ended 30 June 2014 and statement of financial position (Balance Sheet) as at
30 June 2014. (20)

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Question-2
Following is the summarized trial balance of Fortune Traders (FT) for the year ended
30 June 2016:
Debit Credit
Rs. In “000”
Buildings - cost 3,700
Buildings - accumulated depreciation as at 1 July 2015 1,436
Plant and machinery - cost 6,650
Plant and machinery - accumulated depreciation as at 1 July 2015 2,414
Stock-in-trade as at 1 July 2015 1,045
Purchases 16,000
Purchase returns 220
Sales 28,900
Sales returns 90
Capital as at 1 July 2015 3,000
Selling and administration expenses 5,855
12% loan payable 5,000
Trade receivables 3,600
Provision for doubtful debts as at 1 July 2015 180
Prepayments and other receivables 380
Trade and other payables 2,080
Cash and bank balances 5,850
Suspense account 60
43,230 43,230
Additional information:
(i) FT depreciates its fixed assets from the month of addition. Depreciation is to be
charged on written-down value (WDV) as follows:
Plant and machinery 10%
Building 5%
(ii) On 1 March 2016, FT paid an advance of Rs. 330,000 for purchase of a machine
and debited it to plant and machinery. The machine was delivered on 1
September 2016.
(iii) Closing inventory was valued at Rs. 1,560,000. This included goods costing Rs.
35,000 returned by a customer on 30 June 2016 but not yet accounted for. These
goods were earlier sold at cost plus 40%.
(iv) The loan was acquired on 1 January 2016 and the principal amount is repayable
in eight equal half yearly instalments commencing from 1 January 2017. Interest
is payable half yearly on 1 January and 1 July each year.
(v) Selling and administration expenses include fire insurance premium amounting to
Rs. 430,000 and Rs. 240,000 paid for office and owner's personal premises
respectively. The policies are valid up to 31 December 2016.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
(vi) Rent and salaries amounting to Rs. 137,000 and Rs. 89,000 respectively are to
be accrued at 30 June 2016.
(vii) At 30 June 2016, the provision for doubtful debts is to be reduced by Rs. 30,000.
(viii) Suspense account represents an error which occurred when a credit note of Rs.
30,000 received for goods returned to a supplier was mistakenly posted as credit
to trade payable account.
Required:
(a) Prepare a statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 30 June 2016.
(08)
(b) Prepare a statement of financial position as at 30 June 2016. (09)
Question 3:
Azam owns a retail outlet with the name Azam Autoparts Store. The trial balance as at
30 June 2015 is as follows:
Debit Credit
Rs. In ‘000’
Shop equipment- net 5,880
Motor vehicles- net 3,820
Stock as at 1 July 2014 14,500
Prepaid rent 2,000
Bank 8,500
Cash 50
Bank loan 5,050
Creditors 2,500
Accrued expenses 60
Capital 27,883
Sales 131,943
Purchases 105,950
Utility expenses 1,060
Vehicle expenses 1,205
Interest expenses 600
Renovation expenses 5,500
Salaries and wages 10,250
Depreciation expenses 2,075
Operating expenses 6,046
167,436 167,436
Additional information:
(i) Closing stock as at 30 June 2015 was Rs. 24,090 thousand.
(ii) Depreciation on fixed assets is charged at the rate of 20% on reducing balance
method.
(iii) Shop equipment was purchased on 1 July 2014 for Rs. 1,400 thousand. No
depreciation has been charged on it.
(iv) Renovation expenses represent cost of fixtures purchased for the shop.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
(v) Rent is payable on yearly basis on 30 September. The expired rent till 30
September 2014 is included in operating expenses.
(vi) Bank loan was received on 1 July 2014. Interest payable for the month of June
2015 has been credited to the loan account.
(vii) Azam withdrew goods costing Rs. 4,000 thousand for personal use during the
year. However, no entry was made to record the withdrawal of goods.
(viii) Operating expenses include annual payment of fire insurance for shop and
personal expenses of Azam amounting to Rs. 725 thousand and Rs. 215 thousand. Fire
insurance policy would expire on 30 November 2015.
Required:
Prepare statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 30 June 2015 and
statement of financial position as at 30 June 2015. (20)
Question 4:
Following information has been extracted from the records of Falcon Traders (FT) for
the year ended 31 December 2013:
Non-current assets Rupees
Freehold land 100,000
Building 610,000
Plant and machinery 330,000
Office equipment 115,000
Current assets
Stock 183,000
Debtors 177,000
Bank 45,000
Non-current liabilities
10% long term loan from 190,000
bank
Current liabilities
Trade creditors 75,000
Creditors for office 35,000
expenses
Non-current assets Rupees
Freehold land 100,000
Building 610,000
Following information is available for the year 2014:
(i) Cash sales made during the year amounted to Rs. 375,000. Credit sales were
75% of the total sales and the amount collected from debtors was Rs. 1,035,000.
Provision for doubtful debts has to be made equal to 5% of the debtors’ balance
at the end of 2014. The provision for doubtful debts at the end of 2013 was nil.
(ii) Payments made to trade creditors amounted to Rs. 641,450. Credit purchases
were Rs. 664,950 whereas cash purchases were 35% of the total purchases.
(iii) FT paid Rs. 38,000 against salaries, Rs. 30,000 against office expenses and Rs.
45,000 against selling expenses.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
(iv) Cash discount allowed to customers during the year amounted to Rs. 21,000
whereas discount received from suppliers was Rs. 13,000.
(v) On 1 July 2014 FT sold one of the old machinery at a loss of Rs. 15,000. On 31
December 2013 this old machinery had a book value of Rs. 54,800. On 1
October 2014 a new machine Z was purchased in its place at a cost of Rs.
164,800.
(vi) On 1 January 2014, office equipment was sold at its book value for Rs. 20,000.
(vii) Depreciation is to be provided on building at 10%, plant and machinery at 15%
and office equipment at 20% per annum on their book value.
(viii) Interest on long term loan at 10% per annum together with part payment of the
principal sum of Rs. 25,000 was made on 31 December 2014.
(ix) On 31 December 2014 closing stock was Rs. 90,000 and creditors for office
expenses were Rs. 28,000.
Required:
(a) Prepare a statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December
2014. (09)
(b) Prepare a statement of financial position as at 31 December 2014. (11)
Question-5
Following summarised trial balance as at 31 December 2015 pertains to Moon Trading
(MT) who deals in office machines:
Debit Credit
Rs. In million
Fixed assets at cost 150
Accumulated depreciation 45
Trade debtors 200
Provision for doubtful debts 6
Inventory 410
Prepayments, advances and other receivables 9
Cash and bank balances 5
Capital 50
Bank loan 160
Trade creditors 320
Accruals and other payables 25
Sales revenue 2,840
Purchases 2,141
Selling and administration expenses 540
Interest on bank loan 8
Bank charges 2
Other income 15
Suspense account 4
3,465 3,465
Additional information:

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
(i) Inventory is valued under the FIFO method. Value of inventory as at 31
December 2015 amounted to Rs. 530 million.
(ii) During stock taking, it was noted that:
 A photocopy machine appearing in inventory is being used in the office since
1 October 2015. The cost of the machine is Rs. 0.78 million.
 Four computers were found to be short. It was discovered that these
computers costing Rs. 0.32 million had been issued for use by the proprietor’s
family members.
 Items costing Rs. 4.5 million were returned to a supplier on 31 December
2015. The return was recorded in January 2016.
 Items having invoice value of Rs. 2.4 million sold on credit were returned by a
customer on 31 December 2015. A credit note was issued and recorded by
MT on 12 January 2016. The profit margin on these items was 20% of cost.
(iii) Depreciation is charged on all fixed assets at 20% per annum under the straight
line method.
(iv) A recovery of Rs. 3.5 million against debts written off in prior years was credited
to trade debtors. MT’s policy is to provide doubtful debts at 3% on year-end
balance.
(v) Review of other income revealed the following information:
 Services for certain contracts amounting to Rs. 1.2 million were rendered in
December 2015 but invoices thereof were processed in January 2016.
 On 1 August 2015, MT received an amount of Rs. 1.8 million as 50% advance
against a maintenance contract covering the period from 1 September 2015
to 31 May 2016 and was credited to other income. The balance amount would
be paid on completion of the contract.
(vi) Office supplies purchased during the year are directly debited to expenses.
Unused office supplies at beginning and close of the year amounted to Rs. 0.45
million and Rs. 0.6 million respectively.
(vii) The bank loan was acquired on 1 April 2015. The principal amount is repayable
in five equal annual instalments on 31 March each year. Interest is payable at
10% per annum on six monthly basis and is recorded at the time of payment.
(viii) Suspense account represents a commission (net of bank charges amounting to
Rs. 0.25 million) received on 1 September 2015.
Required:
(a) Prepare a statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December
2015. (11)
(b) Prepare a statement of financial position as at 31 December 2015. (09)
Question-6

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Following is the summarised trial balance of Rainbow Lights (RL) for the year ended
31 December 2016:
Debit Credit
Rs. In million
Capital – 1 January 2016 70
Drawings 50
Fixed assets – cost 270
Accumulated depreciation 150
Closing inventory 170
Trade debtors 400
Provision for doubtful debts 12
Prepayments and other receivables 45
Cash and bank 20
10% Long-term loan 120
Trade creditors 240
Accruals and other payables 28
Sales 750
Cost of sales 304
Selling and administration expenses 146
Financial charges 10
Miscellaneous income 45
1,415 1,415
Additional information:
(i) RL uses perpetual inventory method to record its inventory. During the physical
inventory count carried out on 31 December 2016, following matters were noted:
 Inventory shortages amounted to Rs. 2 million which is considered to be normal.
 Goods costing Rs. 15 million were damaged in fire and have no sales value.
 Goods costing Rs. 1 million were withdrawn by the owner for his personal use
but no adjustment was made in the books.
 Goods sold on credit for Rs. 7 million were returned but have not been accounted
for. These goods were sold at cost plus 40%.
(ii) Goods sold on credit at a trade discount of 5% were recorded at gross amount of
Rs. 20 million.
(iii) Rs. 2 million were recovered in full and final settlement of an old outstanding
balance of Rs. 3 million which had been written-off last year. The amount
recovered was credited to trade debtors account.
(iv) RL maintains a provision for doubtful debts at 3% of the year-end balance.
(v) Miscellaneous income includes Rs. 12 million received against an annual
maintenance contract expiring on 30 April 2017.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
(vi) Annual rent amounting to Rs. 24 million was paid in advance on 1 October 2016
and charged as an expense.
(vii) Long-term loan was acquired on 1 February 2016 and is repayable in 2020.
Interest thereon is due semi-annually on 1 August and 1 February each year.
Interest is charged to expenses at the time of payment.
(viii) An equipment costing Rs. 8 million was purchased on 1 September 2016 against
advance payment. The equipment was not used and returned on 31 December
2016. The supplier agreed to set-off the cost of the equipment against the
amount payable by RL. The return as well as reversal of depreciation is yet to be
recorded in the books.
(ix) Depreciation on fixed assets is charged at 15% per annum from the month of
addition to the month prior to disposal using reducing balance method.
Required:
(a) A statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2016. (10)
(b) A statement of financial position as at 31 December 2016. (11)
Question-7
Following is the summarised trial balance of Home Appliances (HA) for the year ended
30 June 2017:
Debit Credit
Rs. in “000”
Fixed assets – cost 35,000
Accumulated depreciation – 1 July 2016 8,000
Inventory – 1 July 2016 8,200
Trade receivables 12,500
Provision for doubtful receivables – 1 July 2016 750
Prepayments and other receivables 2,350
Cash and bank balances 1,300
Capital 25,500
Drawings 4,500
Trade payables 10,200
Accruals and other payables 5,310
Sales 101,120
Return inwards 3,000
Purchases 70,000
Wages and salaries 5,900
Discounts 1,600
Utility charges 2,350
Carriage inwards 1,360
Running and maintenance expenses 3,290
Financial charges 580
Miscellaneous income 110 110

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Suspense account 940
151,930 151,930
Additional information:
(i) Cost of closing physical inventory was Rs. 9,000,000. However, goods returned
by a credit customer on 30 June 2017 were received after completion of the
count, therefore, not included in the inventory. These goods had been sold for
Rs. 400,000 at cost plus 25%. However, the goods are damaged and can be sold
at normal price after a repair cost of Rs. 90,000. The return has not yet been
accounted for.
(ii) Suspense account represents an online transfer of funds by a customer who
availed 5% discount on settlement of the pending amount by 30 June 2017. The
amount was credited by the bank net of its charges of Rs. 10,000.
(iii) HA maintains a 5% provision against trade receivables.
(iv) Running and maintenance expenses totalling Rs. 110,000 were incurred in June
2017. Related invoices were received and accounted for in July 2017.
(v) A machine was rented-out to Zee Trader (ZT) on 1 October 2016. Annual rent of
Rs. 120,000 received in advance is included in ‘Accruals and other payables’.
However, on 16 June 2017, the machine was sold to ZT for Rs. 450,000. The
sale proceed net of rent adjustment was received in July 2017. The disposal has
not yet been accounted for.
The machine had been purchased on 1 January 2016 and had written down
value of Rs. 540,000 as at 1 July 2016.
(vi) HA depreciates its fixed assets at 20% per annum from the month of addition to
the month prior to disposal using reducing balance method. There were no
additions/disposals during the year except as mentioned above.
Required:
(a) Prepare statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 2017. (11)
(b) Prepare statement of financial position as at 30 June 2017. (09)
Question-8
Following is the trial balance of Tulip Enterprises (TE) for the year ended 31
December 2017:
Description Debit Description Credit
Cash and bank balances 2,320 Trade payables 3,250
Trade receivables 4,400 Accruals and other payables 1,320
Stock-in-trade 31-12-2017 3,900 Provision for doubtful 220
receivables
Prepayments and advances 1,740 Accumulated depreciation 4,630
Property, plant & equipment – 12,500 12%Long-term loan 5,150
cost
Drawings 490 Capital 6,000

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Cost of sales 23,580 Sales 35,230
Salaries and wages 2,610 Miscellaneous income 940
Fuel and power 450
Bad debt expense 230
Rent and insurance 2,900
Repair and maintenance 920
Financial charges 700
56,740 56,740
Additional information:
(i) While carrying out the physical inventory count at year-end, following matters
were identified:
 Goods costing Rs. 1,000,000 were slightly defective. These can be sold for
Rs. 1,130,000 after incurring a cost of Rs. 200,000.
 Goods costing Rs. 670,000 purchased on credit were returned to a supplier
on 28 December 2017 but the return was not recorded in the books.
(ii) A machine costing Rs. 450,000 was received on 1 October 2017 against 100%
advance payment. The advance has not yet been adjusted due to non-receipt of
the invoice.
(iii) On 1 October 2017, 50% advance received for an annual maintenance contract
of Rs. 480,000 was credited to miscellaneous income. Remaining amount would
be received at the end of the contract. Services are rendered evenly throughout
the contract period.
(iv) Maintenance services for Rs. 150,000 were rendered in December 2017 but
income has been recorded in January 2018 on receipt of the amount.
(v) Interest on the loan is paid in arrears on 1 April and 1 October each year. Interest
accrued for the quarter ended 31 December 2017 has been credited to loan
account.
(vi) Rent and insurance include:
 annual insurance premium of Rs. 800,000 for the health policy arranged by
TE for the department heads and the owner’s family members. Premium
pertaining to the owner’s family members is Rs. 200,000. The policy is valid
up to 30 June 2018.
 Rs. 1,200,000 paid against the annual rent agreement expiring on 31 August
2018. According to the rent agreement, the rent paid would not be refunded in
case the building is vacated earlier.
(vii) TE maintains provision for doubtful receivables according to the age analysis of
the outstanding balances. Relevant details are as under:
Trade receivables as on 31 December 2017 Total
Less than 3 4 - 6 7 - 12 More than
months months months 1 year

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Outstanding Balances 1,970 1,000 900 530 4,400
Required Provision - 5% 10% 20%
(viii) TE depreciates property, plant & equipment at 15% per annum on reducing
balance method.
Required:
Prepare the following:
(a) Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2017 (11)
(b) Statement of financial position as at 31 December 2017 (10)
Question-9
Following is the trial balance of Sofia Trader (ST) for the year ended 30 June 2018:
Debit Credit
---------- Rs.'000 ----------
Equipment - cost 17,000
Equipment - accumulated depreciation - 1 Jul 2017 4,800
Vehicles - cost 3,000
Vehicles - accumulated depreciation - 1 Jul 2017 1,200
Inventory - 1 Jul 2017 5,500
Trade receivables 5,350
Provision for doubtful receivables 220
Prepaid insurance - 1 Jul 2017 140
Advance 384
Bank deposit (invested on 1 Feb 2017 at 7%) 1,400
Cash and bank balances 620
Capital 16,000
Drawings 352
Trade payables 3,500
Accruals and other payables 1,520
Sales 32,350
Purchases 21,000
Returns 950 700
Salaries and utilities 2,790
Rent 1,000
Discounts 270 220
Other expenses 480
Insurance 300
Bad debts 106
Interest income on bank deposit 82
Suspense account 50
60,642 60,642

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Following further information is available:
(i) Cost of closing physical inventory was Rs. 7,400,000. Inventory included
goods costing Rs. 240,000 which were damaged in the warehouse. These goods
can be sold for Rs. 250,000 after incurring a cost of Rs. 16,000.
(ii) Rent includes payment of annual rent of Rs. 240,000 expiring on 30
November 2018 for owner’s residence.
(iii) Prepaid insurance represents premium which expired on 31 January 2018
while insurance represents annual premium which is expiring on 31 January
2019.
(iv) (iv) Suspense account represents goods returned by ST which were debited
to supplier's account.
(v) On 29 June 2018, dishonoured cheque of Rs. 285,000 was returned by a
bank. No entry has been made in the books for this return. This cheque was
received from a customer net of 5% settlement discount.
(vi) ST maintains a 4% provision against trade receivables.
(vii) ST paid Rs. 388,000 (net of 3% settlement discount) which was debited to
supplier's account with the same amount.
(viii) On 1 March 2018, an equipment was sold for Rs. 400,000 and its sale
proceeds were credited to the equipment account. This equipment had been
purchased at a cost of Rs. 500,000 and on 1 July 2017 its book value was
Rs. 360,000.
(ix) Advance represents 40% payment made for purchase of vehicle. Remaining
balance would be paid in September 2018. No entry was passed when the
vehicle was delivered on 1 June 2018.
(x) ST depreciates equipment and vehicles at 15% and 25% respectively using
reducing balance method.
Required:
a) Prepare statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 2018
b) Prepare statement of financial position as at 30 June 2018 (Marks 22)
Question-10
Following is the summarized trial balance of Delta Enterprises (DE), for the year
ended 30 June 2019:
Rs. in '000
Description Debit Description Credit
Property, plant and equipment 230,600 Capital 179,500
Inventory - 30 June 2019 67,800 12% Bank loan 90,000
Cash and bank balances 4,600 Accumulated depreciation 44,300
Trade receivables 94,800 Trade payables 41,400
Prepayments 3,000 Sales revenue 487,800
Other receivables 5,300 Other income 2,600
Cost of sales 354,700
Selling expenses 29,400
Administration expenses 25,900
Depreciation 19,800
Interest on bank loan 9,000
Bank charges 700

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 845,600 845,600
Additional information:
(i) Goods returned by a customer on 30 June 2019 were recorded on 1 July 2019.
These goods had been sold on credit for Rs. 1,950,000 at cost plus 30%.
(ii) On 1 October 2018, a printer was acquired on rent from Qazi & Co. The annual
rent of Rs. 480,000 was paid in advance and debited to prepayments. However,
the printer was purchased by DE on 1 April 2019 for Rs. 1,240,000. The
payment net of rent adjustment was made in July 2019. The purchase has not
been accounted for. DE depreciates office equipment at 20% using reducing
balance method.
(iii) DE allocates depreciation to selling and administration in the ratio of 4:6
respectively.
(iv) Annual fire insurance premium of Rs. 4,500,000 was paid in advance on 1
January 2019 and debited to administration expenses. The payment also
includes Rs. 1,350,000 pertaining to the owner's personal property.
(v) Other income includes Rs. 900,000 collected on 1 April 2019 in respect of a
service agreement for the six months ending 30 September 2019.
(vi) An amount of Rs. 960,000 receivables on 1 August 2019 on completion of a
service agreement for the six months ended 31 July 2019 has not been accounted
for.
(vii) 12% bank loan was acquired on 1 April 2018. The principal is repayable in ten
equal yearly instalments commencing from 1 April 2019. Interest is payable on 1
October and 1 April each year.
Required:
a) Prepare statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 2019.
b) Prepare statement of financial position as at 30 June 2019. (Marks 18)
Question-11
Following is the summarized trial balance of Bajang Aamad Limited (BAL) for the
year ended 30 June 2020:
Head office building 15,000 1,900
Delivery vehicles 9,350 4,500
Opening stock 5,500
Trade receivables 5,255
Provision for doubtful trade receivables 400
Advance 2,160
Cash and bank balances 1,255
Capital 17,460
Long-term loans 3,000
Trade payables 2,900
Short-term loan 1,500
Sales revenue 39,770
Purchases 26,200
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation) 3,510
Sales supplies 840
Sales offices rent 1,800
Financial charges 560
71,430 71,430

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Additional information:
(i) Cost of closing stock was Rs. 7,400,000, of which goods costing Rs. 500,000
were slightly damaged and can be sold for Rs. 600,000 after incurring
repacking cost of Rs. 160,000.
(ii) 60% of the sales offices rent represents payment of annual rent upto 30
September 2020.
(iii) Advance from a customer amounting to Rs. 475,000 (net of 5% discount) has
been included in sales. Goods will be delivered to the customer after year-end.
(iv) Advance represents 60% payment made on 1 February 2020 for the purchase
of a delivery vehicle. Remaining balance would be paid in September 2020. No
entry was made when the vehicle was delivered on 1 April 2020.
(v) Delivery vehicles’ cost includes an amount of Rs. 150,000 paid in June 2020
for repainting of an old delivery vehicle. However, due to heavy workload,
vehicle was not painted till year-end.
(vi) BAL depreciates building at 4% using straight line method while delivery
vehicles are depreciated at 15% using reducing balance method. 30% of cost
of the building represents land.
(vii) A specific provision at 75% is to be made against Asad Baker’s balance of Rs.
380,000. A general provision for doubtful receivables is maintained at 4% of
the remaining trade receivables.
(viii) Unused sales supplies at year-end amounted to Rs. 320,000.
(ix) The amount of operating expenses (excluding depreciation) is to be allocated
into selling and administration expenses in the ratio of 60:40 respectively.
Required:
(a) Prepare statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 2020. (12)
(b) Prepare statement of financial position as at 30 June 2020. (08)
Question-12
Following is the summarized trial balance of Valsafe Traders (VT) for the year
ended 31 December 2020:
Debit Credit
-------- Rs. in '000 ------
--
Property, plant and equipment 32,500
Accumulated depreciation at 31 December 2020 - 8,750
Inventory at 1 January 2020 34,300 -
Trade receivables 36,800 -
Prepayments 780 -
Advances 240 -
Cash and bank balances 5,550 -
Capital - 60,395
Drawings 8,480 -
14% Loan - 17,500
Trade and other payables - 28,740
Revenues - 181,100
Purchases 149,800 -
Selling expenses 12,450 -
Distribution expenses 8,800 -
Administrative expenses 7,460 -
Rent income - 1,125

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Interest on bank overdraft 450 -
297,610 297,610
Additional information:
(i) Cost of closing inventory in hand on 31 December 2020 amounted to Rs. 46,300,000.
Physical inventory count revealed that goods costing Rs. 950,000 were returned by a
customer for which no entry has been made. These goods were sold for Rs. 1,300,000
on credit in last week of December 2020. VT determined that these goods are out
of fashion and can be sold at 40% of original selling price.
(ii) During the year, goods having cost and selling price of Rs. 500,000 and Rs 800,000
were withdrawn by the owner for personal use but were not recorded.
(iii) Prepayments represent fire insurance premium amounting to Rs. 480,000 and Rs.
300,000 paid for office and owner's personal premises respectively. These annual
policies are valid upto 31 March 2021.
(iv) On 1 June 2020, a machine was given at a quarterly rent of Rs. 375,000, receivable in
advance.
(v) Advances represent three months’ advance salary taken by a salesman on 1
November 2020.
(vi) The loan was acquired on 1 July 2020 and the entire principal along with interest is
repayable on 30 November 2021.
(vii) Depreciation of property, plant and equipment has been incorrectly calculated at 5% on
reducing balance method instead of 10% on straight line method. The incorrect
depreciation has been included in distribution expenses though depreciation should
have been equally divided between selling and administrative expenses.
(viii) A balance of Rs. 320,000 included in trade and other payables needs to be written
back as it is no more payable.
(ix) Cash and bank balances include bank overdraft of Rs. 1,490,000.
Required:
(a) Prepare statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2020. (10)
(b) Prepare statement of financial position as at 31 December 2020. (10)

Question-13
Following is the summarised trial balance of Qambar Enterprises (QE) for the year ended
31 December 2018:
Rs. 000 Rs. 000
Debit Credit
Furniture – cost 2,535 Accumulated dep. at 1 Jan 2018:
Vehicles – cost at 1 Jan 2018 4,500 – Furniture 975
Inventories at 1 Jan 2018 4,450 – Vehicles 1,450
Trade receivables 2,970 Capital at 1 Jan 2018 5,223
Office and sales supplies 210 12% Bank loan 1,500

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Cash and bank balances 746 (obtained on 1 April 2018)
Purchases 12,364 Trade payables 3,943
Returns 826 Sales 18,184
Salaries and commission 1,295 Other income 275
Rent and insurance 545
Utilities and repairs 420
Goods withdrawn 644
Provision for doubtful 45
receivables
31,550 31,550
Additional information:
(i) Inventories as at 31 December 2018 were valued at Rs. 3,860,000. Office and
sales supplies costing Rs. 90,000 are still unused. However, 30% of these supplies
are not usable due to deterioration in quality.
(ii) Rent and insurance includes Rs. 75,000 paid for a photocopying machine. The
machine was obtained on 1 November 2018 at a fixed rent of Rs. 75,000 per
quarter and an additional Re. 0.40 for each copy. 40,000 copies have been made
by QE up to 31 December 2018.
(iii) QE received 5% discount on list price of goods purchased for cash which was
credited to other income. List price of such purchases was Rs. 2,500,000.
(iv) Cost of office repairs amounting to Rs. 85,000 was paid by the owner from
personal cash.
(v) On 1 November 2018, a vehicle was completely destroyed in an accident. In
December 2018, insurance company agreed to pay Rs. 500,000 in January 2019.
The vehicle was purchased for Rs. 600,000 on 1 January 2016.
(vi) On 1 September 2018, a vehicle was invested into the business by the owner. The
vehicle was purchased by the owner on 1 July 2015 for Rs. 1,050,000 and had a
fair value of Rs. 960,000 on 1 September 2018.
(vii) QE depreciates vehicles at 10% using straight line method while furniture is
depreciated at 15% using reducing balance method. Cost of furniture includes an
item of furniture purchased for Rs. 400,000 on 1 May 2018.
(viii) Sales include Rs. 335,000 received from a customer though the related goods
were dispatched on 5 January 2019.
(ix) Trade receivables include Salman’s balance of Rs. 370,000. It has been decided
to set-off Rs. 100,000 payables by QE to Salman and make a specific provision of
30% against the remaining balance.
(x) A general provision of 4% of remaining trade receivables is maintained. Trade
receivables amounting to Rs. 131,000 were written off and debited to provision for
doubtful receivables during 2018.

Required:
(a) Prepare statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2018. (12)
(b) Prepare statement of financial position as at 31 December 2018. (11)

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Question-14
Following is the summarized balance of Onion Traders (OT) for the year ended 30 June
2021
Description Debit Description Credit
Rs. in Rs. in
million million
Property plant and equipment 142.0 Accumulated depreciation as on 66.5
30 June 2021
Inventory 89.6 Provision for doubtful debts 4.5
Trade debtors 42.0 Capital 99.4
Prepayments 9.0 Long term loan 55.4
Bank deposit account 40.0 Trade debtors 33.4
Bank current account 8.3 Accruals 9.4
Owner’s drawing 17.8 Sales 397.6
Cost of sales 245.0
Operating expenses 63.7
Financial charges 8.8
666.2 666.2

Additional information
1. During the physical inventory count carried out on 30 June 2021, following matters were
noted for which nothing has been recorded in the books
 Goods having cost and selling price of Rs. 4.2 million and Rs. 5.8 million
respectively were withdrawn by the owner for his personal use.
 Goods costing Rs. 14.0 million were found damaged and would be sold at 90% of
purchase cost after incurring a rectification cost of Rs. 1.9 million.
 Goods purchased on credit costing Rs. 3.5 million were returned to a supplier on
30 June 2021
2. A payment of Rs. 7.2 million being 40% amount of a yearly maintenance contract
commenced from 1st October 2020, was included in prepayments remaining amount is
payable on completion of contract.
3. the bank deposit account was opened on 1 October 2020 for 1.5 year at 12% per
annum. interest is credited at every 6 months. Interest received was credited to sales.
4. The figure in the trial balance for the bank current account represent balance prior to the
reconciliation with bank statement. Upon comparison with bank statement, it was
discovered that:
 cheque of Rs. 3.1 million deposited into bank were not credited.
 As per standing instruction to the bank, quarterly office rent (till 31 August 2021)
amounting to Rs. 4.2 million was debited.
 Bank charges of Rs. 0.2 million were debited.
 A cheque of Rs.0.9 million was returned by bank as dishonoured. this cheque was
received from a customer net of 10% settlement discount.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
5. On 30 June 2021 fully depreciated assets costing Rs. 8.2 million with a residual value of
Rs. 2.1 million were sold on credit for Rs. 2.6 million. No entry in this respect has been
recorded in the books.
6. In addition to a specific provision of Rs. 3.9 million against trade debtors of Rs. 13
million. OT needs to maintain a general provision for doubtful debtors at 5% of the
remaining closing debtor balance.
Required
a) Prepare statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 2021.
b) Prepare statement of financial position as on 30 June 2021.

Question-15
Following is the summarized balance of Bata Traders (BT) for the year ended 31 December
2021.
Description Debit Description Credit
Rs. in Rs. in
million million
Furniture 25
Allowance for doubtful debts 2
Salaries expense paid 8
Office expense paid 4
Opening stock 5
Purchases 50

Additional Information
1. Owner withdraw furniture costing Rs. 900,000 at 31 August 2021 and was not recorded,
the book value of furniture at 1 January 2021 was Rs. 500,000.
2. Salaries expense for the year was Rs. 10 million and office expense for the year was
Rs. 3 million.
3.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Solution to Question No. 1
Salman
Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 30-06-2014
Rs. Rs.
Sales (353,300 – 10,000 – 243) 340,868
Cost of Sales:
Opening Stock 127,762
Add: Purchases (330,530 – 500) 330,030
Add: Carriage Inwards 10,420
Less: Closing Stock (237,500) (230,712)
Gross Profit 110,156
Other Income
Interest Received 11,930
Other Income 3,100
Operating Expenses:
Interest 800
Power and utilities 6,500
Salaries (40,400 + 1,800) 42,200
Rent 6,992
Insurance (2,000 – 650) 1,350
Advertisement 4,512
Miscellaneous Expenses 4,130
Depreciation (4,550 + 2,120) 6,670
Bad debts 1,288 (74,442)
Net Profit 50,744
Salman
Statement of Financial Position
As on June 30, 2006
Rs. Rs. Rs.
Non-Current Assets:
Goodwill 20,000
Plant & Machinery (45,000 – 4,550 + 500) 40,950
Factory Building (42,400 – 2,120) 40,280
Current Assets:
Stock 237,500
Trade Receivable 109,420
Allowance for bad debts (2,188) 107,232
Bills Receivable 32,526
Prepaid Insurance 650
Cash at Bank 13,512
Cash in Hand 728
493,378

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Capital & Liabilities:
Capital 300,000
Add: Net Profit 50,744
Less: Drawings (30,500 – 1,800) (28,700) 322,044
Non-Current Liabilities:
Loan from Bank 40,000
Current Liabilities:
Bills Payable 23,150
Accrued Expenses 3,460
Creditors 104,724
493,378
Working & Adjustments
Rs. Rs.
(i) Machine 500
Purchases 500
(ii) Salary (150 × 12) 1,800
Drawings 1,800
(iii) Prepaid Insurance 650
Insurance Expense 650

(iv) Calculation of Depreciation:

Plant & Machinery = 45,000 × 10% 4,500
Add: 500 × 10% 50
4,550
Factory Building = 42,400 × 5% 2,120
(v) Allowance
Rs. Rs.
b/d 900
Bad debts (balance) 1,288
c/d (109,420 × 5%) 2,188

Rs. Rs.
Bad debts 1,288
Allowance 1,288
Solution-2
Salman
Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 30-06-2014
Rs. Rs.

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Sales (353,300 – 10,000 – 243) 340,868
Cost of Sales:
Opening Stock 127,762
Add: Purchases (330,530 – 500) 330,030
Add: Carriage Inwards 10,420
Less: Closing Stock (237,500) (230,712)
Gross Profit 110,156
Other Income
Interest Received 11,930
Other Income 3,100
Operating Expenses:
Interest 800
Power and utilities 6,500
Salaries (40,400 + 1,800) 42,200
Rent 6,992
Insurance (2,000 – 650) 1,350
Advertisement 4,512
Miscellaneous Expenses 4,130
Depreciation (4,550 + 2,120) 6,670
Bad debts 1,288 (74,442)
Net Profit 50,744
Salman
Statement of Financial Position
As on June 30, 2014
Rs. Rs. Rs.
Non-Current Assets:
Goodwill 20,000
Plant & Machinery (45,000 – 4,550 + 500) 40,950
Factory Building (42,400 – 2,120) 40,280
Current Assets:
Stock 237,500
Trade Receivable 109,420
Allowance for bad debts (2,188) 107,232
Bills Receivable 32,526
Prepaid Insurance 650
Cash at Bank 13,512
Cash in Hand 728
493,378
Capital & Liabilities:
Capital 300,000
Add: Net Profit 50,744
Less: Drawings (30,500 – 1,800) (28,700) 322,044
Non-Current Liabilities:

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Loan from Bank 40,000
Current Liabilities:
Bills Payable 23,150
Accrued Expenses 3,460
Creditors 104,724
493,378
Working & Adjustments
Rs. Rs.
(i) Machine 500
Purchases 500
(ii) Salary (150 × 12) 1,800
Drawings 1,800
(iii) Prepaid Insurance 650
Insurance Expense 650

(iv) Calculation of Depreciation:

Plant & Machinery = 45,000 × 10% 4,500
Add: 500 × 10% 50
4,550
Factory Building = 42,400 × 5% 2,120
(v) Allowance
Rs. Rs.
b/d 900
Bad debts (balance) 1,288
c/d (109,420 × 5%) 2,188

Rs. Rs.
Bad debts 1,288
Allowance 1,288
Solution-3
Fortune Trader
Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 30 June 2016
Rs. Rs.
Sales (W-3) 28,761
Cost of Sales:
Opening Stock 1,045
Purchases (16,000 – 220) 15,780
Closing Stock (1,560) (15,265)

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Gross Profit 13,496
Expenses
Selling & Admin Expenses (5,855-430/2 adj.(v)-240 adj.(v)+137 (6,130)
adj.(v)+89 adj.(vi)+113 (W-1)+391(W-1))
Finance Charges (W-4) (300) (6,430)
Other income
Provision for doubtful debts (W-2) 30
Net Profit 7,096
Fortune Trader
Statement of Comprehensive Income
As on 30 June 2016
Rs.000 Rs.000
Assets
Non-Current Assets
Building 37,00
Accumulated Depreciation (1,436 + 113) (1,549)
Plant & Machinery (6,650 – (W-1) 330) 6,320
Accumulated Depreciation (2,414 – 391) (2,805) 5,666

Current Assets
Trade Receivables (W-2) 3,551
Provision for doubtful debts (150)
Closing Inventor 1,560
Prepayments and other receivables 380
Cash and Bank balances 5,850
Advance for machine (W-1) 330
Fire insurance prepaid (430/2) 215 11,736
17,402

Equity & Liabilities

Capital
Opening balance 3,000
Profit for the year 7,096
Drawings (240) 9,856

Long-term Loans (5,000 – (5,000/8 x 1) 4,375

Current Liabilities
Current Maturity of long term loan (5,000 – 4,375) 625
Trade and other payables (2,080 – (W-5) 60) 2,020
Interest payable 300
Rent payable 137
Salary payable 89 3,171
17,402
WORKINGS:

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
(W-1)
Depreciation and rectification adjustment of advance
Building (3,700 – 1,436) x 5% 113
Plant & machinery (6,320 – 2,414) x 10% 391

Rectifying Original Wrong

Advance for machine 330 Adv. For machine 330 Plant & machinery 330
Plant & machinery 330 Cash 330 Cash 330
(W-2)
Debtor
Unadjusted 3,600 Sales return (35/100) x 140) 49
Unadjusted cl. (Bal.) 3,551
Provision
P/L (bal.) 30 b/d 180
c/d (180 – 30) 150
(W-3)
Sales 28,900
Sales return (90 + 49 (W-2)) (139)
28,761
(W-4)
Finance charges (5,000 x 12% x 6/12) 300
(W-5)
Rectifying Original Wrong
Trade payables 60 Trade payable 30 Trade payable 30
Suspense 60 Purchase return 30 Purchase return 30
Solution-4
Azam Autoparts Store
Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 30 June 2015
Rs.000 Rs.000
Sales 131,943
Cost of Sales:
Opening Stock 14,500
Purchases (105,950 – 4,000) 101,950
Closing Stock (24,090) (92,360)
Gross Profit 39,583
Salaries expenses 10,250

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Depreciation expenses (W-1) 3,455
Operating expenses (W-2) 7,029
Interest expenses 600
1,060
Utility expenses
1,205
Vehicle expenses
(23,599)
Net Profit
15,984
Azam Autoparts Store
Statement of Comprehensive Income
As on 30 June 2015
Non-Current Assets
Fixed Assets (W-1) 13,820
Current Assets:
Stock in trade 24,090
Prepaid insurance 302
Prepaid rent 500
Cash and bank 8,550
47,262
Liabilities and Equity
Opening capital 27,883
Add: Net Profit 15,984
Less: Drawings (W-3) (4,215)
39,652
Current Liabilities
Loan from Bank 5,000
Creditors 2,500
Interest payable 50
Accrued expenses 60
47,262

W-1: fixed assets and depreciation Rs.000

Shop equipment purchased 1,400
Fixture purchased 5,500
6,900
Depreciation (6,900 @ 20%) 1,380
5,520
Shop equipment balance (5,880 – 1,400) 4,480
Motor vehicles 3,820
13,820
Depreciation as per trial 2,075
Add: depreciation shop equipment and fixtures 1,380
3,455
Rs. 000
W-2: Operating expenses

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
As per trial 6,046
Add: prepaid rent to be recorded as expense 1,500
Less: prepaid insurance (302)
Less: personal expenses (215)
7,029

W-3: Drawings Rs. 000

Drawings of goods by Azam 4,000
Insurance 215
4,215
Solution-5
Falcon Traders
Trading and Profit and Loss Account
For the year ended 31 December 2014
Sales ((W-1) 1,125,000 + 375,000) 1,500,000
Less: Cost of sales (W-6) (1,116,000)
Gross Profit 384,000
Less: Admin Expenses
Salaries 38,000
Selling expense 45,000
Office expense (W-4) 23,000
Disc. Allowed 21,000
Interest Expense (190,000 x 10%) 19,000
Provision for Doubtful Debts (W-5) 12,300
Depreciation
Building 61,000
Plant and Machinery (W-10) 51,570
Office Equipment (W-16) 19,000
Loss on disposal 15,000
(304,870)
Other income (Discount received) 13,000
Net Profit 92,130
Falcon Traders
Balance Sheet
As on 31 December 2014
Capital and Liabilities
Capital
Opening Capital (W-9) 1,260,000
Capital Introduces -
Add: Net Profit 92,130
Less: Drawings
1,352,130
Bank Loan(190,000 – 25,000) 165,000
Current Liabilities
Trade Creditors (W-2) 85,500

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Payable for expense 28,000
113,500
Total 1,630,630

Assets
Non-Current Assets
Freehold Land 100,000
Building 549,000
Plant and Machinery 392,540
Office Equipment 76,000
1,117,540
Current Assets
Debtors 233,700
Stocks 90,000
Bank 172,440
Cash 16,950
513,090
Total 1,630,630
(W-1)
Debtor Account
Opening 177,000 Bank 1,035,000
Sales 1,125,000 Discount allowed 21,000
(375,000/25% x 75%) Cl. (bal.) 246,000
(W-2)
Creditor Account
Bank 641,450 Opening 75,000
Discount Received 13,000 Purchases 664,950
Closing balance 85,500
(W-3)
Bank Account
Opening 45,000 Creditors 641,450
Disposal 35,690 Salaries 38,000
Debtors 1,035,000 Selling expense 45,000
Disposal (W-8) 20,000 Office expense 30,000
Interest expense 19,000
P&M A/C 164,800
Loan (repaid) 25,000

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Closing (bal.) 172,440
(W-4)
Office Expense
Bank 30,000 Opening 35,000
Closing 28,000 P/L (Bal.) 23,000
(W-5)
Provision for Doubtful Debts
Opening
Closing (246,000 x 5%) 12,300 P/L(Bal.) 12,300

(W-6)
Inventory account
b/d 183,000 COS (bal.) 1,116,000
Creditor 664,950
Cash 358,050 Closing inventory 90,000
(664,950/65% x 35%)

(W-7)
Plant and Machinery account-BV
b/d 330,000 Disposal A/c 50,690
Depreciation (W-10) 51,570
Bank 164,800 Closing (bal.) 392,540
(W-8)
Disposal account
Machinery-BV 50,690 Bank (bal.) 35,690
P/L 15,000
(W-9)
Opening Assets (100,000+610,000+330,000+115,000+183,000+177,000+45,000)
1,560,000
Opening Liabilities (190,000+75,000+35,000) (300,000)
Opening Capital 1,260,000
(W-10)
Depreciation of Plant & Machinery:
On opening excluding Disposal (330,000-54,800) x 15% 41,280
On additions (164,800 x 15% x 3/12) 6,180
On disposals (54,800 x 15% x 6/12) 4,110
51,570
(W-11)

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Disposal WDV
54,800 – (W-10) 6,180) 48,620
(W-12)
Particulars Dr. Cr.
Interest exp. 19,000
Loan 25,000
Bank 44,000
(W-13)
Cash
Sales 375,000 Inventory 358,050
Cl. (bal.) 16,950
(W-14)
Office Equipment-BV
b/d 115,000 Disposal 20,000
Depreciation (W-16) 19,000
Cl. (bal.) 76,000
(W-15)
Disposal account
Office equipment-BV 20,000 Cash 20,000
P/L (bal.) -
(W-16)
Depreciation of office equipment
(115,000 – 20,000) x 20% 19,000
Solution-6
Moon Trading
Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 31 December 2015
Sales Revenue (2,840 - 2.4) 2,837.60
Less: Cost of sales
Opening inventory 410
Purchases 2,135.40
Closing inventory (529.22)
(2,019)
Gross Profit 821.42
Less: Selling and Admin Expenses (W-1) (539.92)
Less: Finance Charges (8 + (160x 10% x 3/12) + 2 (14.25)
+0.25) 23.75
Other income 291.00
Net Profit before tax

Moon Trading

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Statement of Financial Position
As on 31 December 2015
Equity and Current Liabilities
Capital:
Opening Capital (W-9) 50
Profit for the year 291
Less: Drawings (0.32)
340.68
Long term Loan 160
Current Liabilities
Trade Creditors (320 – 4.5) 315.50
Accruals and other payables 25 +(160x 10% x3 + 12)+(1.8 29.20
(3.6x 4/9)
Total 845.38
Assets
Non-Current Assets
Fixed assets (150 + 0.78) 150.78
Accumulated Depreciation (45 + 0.04) (45.04)
105.74
Current Assets
Trade Debtors (200 + 3.5 – 2.4) 201.10
Provision for doubtful debts (201.1 x 3%) (6.03)
Closing inventory 529.22
Prepayments, advances and other receivable 10.35
9+1.2+0.45+0.6
Cash and bank balances 5.00
Total 845.38
(W-1) Selling and administration expenses:
Rs. in
“Million”
As per trial 540
Add: Dep. on items in office use 0.04
Add: Increase in Provision 0.03
Less: Office supplies in hand (0.15)
539.92
(W-2)
Provision for doubtful debts
Rs. In Rs. In
million million
P/L a/c (bal.) 0.03 b/d 6
c/d (200-2.4+3.5) 3% 6.03
Solution-7
Rainbow Lights
Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 31 December 2016

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Sales Revenue [750–(20×5%)–7] 742
Less: Cost of sales [304+2–(7/1.4)] (301)
Gross Profit 441
Less: Selling and Admin Expenses (W-1) (140.42)
Less: Finance Charges [10+(120×10%×5/12)] (15)
Other income [45–(12/12×4)] 41
Net Profit before tax 326.58
Rainbow Lights
Statement of Financial Position
As on 31 December 2016
Rs. In
Equity and Liabilities million
Equity:
Opening Capital 100
Profit for the year (326.58–30) 296.58
Less: Drawings(50+1) (51)
345.58
Long term Loan 120
Current Liabilities
Trade Creditors (240 – 8) 232
Accruals and other payables 37
[28+(120×10%×5/12)+(12×4/12)]
Total 734.58

Assets
Non-Current Assets
Property, plant and equipment - cost (270–8) 262
(149.60)
Accumulated Depreciation (150–0.4) (W.1)
112.40
Current Assets
Trade Debtors (W-2) 394
Provision for doubtful debts (W-2) (11.82)
Closing inventory [170–2–15–1+(7/1.4)] 157
Prepayments, advances and other receivable 63
[45+(24/12×9)]
Cash and bank balances 20
Total 734.58
(W-1) Selling and administration expenses
Rs. in
“Million”
As per trial 146.00
Decrease in bad debts expense W.2 (2.18)
Inventory damaged in fire (abnormal loss) 15.00
Building rent paid in advance (24/12×9) (18.00)
Reversal of depreciation on equipment returned (8×15%×4/12) (0.40)

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 140.42
(W-2)
Trade Provision for
debtors doubtful
debts
As per trial balance 400.00 12.00
Sales return - (7.00)
Sales net of 5% trade discount recorded at gross (1.00)
(20×5%)
Correction of recovery of previously written off debtors 2.00 2.00
394.00 14.00
Decrease in provision Balancing (2.18)
Provision at 3% of the year-end balance (394×3%) 11.82
Solution- 8
Home Appliances
Statement of Profit and Loss
For the year ended 30 June 2017
Rs in
million
Sales 101,120
Sales return (3,000+400) 3,400
Net Sales 97,720
Cost of Sales:
Opening Inventory 8,200
Purchases 70,000
Carriage Inwards 1,360
Available for sale 79,560
Closing Inventory (9,310)
(70,250)
Gross Profit 27,470
Operating expenses:
Wages and salaries 5,900
Discounts 1,600+50 [(940+10)÷95%×5%] 1,650
Utility charges 2,350
Running and maintenance charges (3,290+110) 3,400
Financial Charges (580+10) 590
Depreciation expense: Excl. sold machine [34,400 − (8,000 60)]×20% 5,292
Sold machine (600-60)×20%×11÷12
*99
(19,281)
Other income:
Machine rent income 120×8.5÷12 85
Gain on disposal of machine (600×20%×6÷12) 450-WDV i.e. [600–(99+60)] 9

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Decrease in provision for doubtful debts 750−555 195
Misc. income 110
399
Net profit 8,588

Home Appliances
Statement of Financial Position
As on 30 June 2017
Equity and Current Liabilities
Capital:
Opening Capital 25,500
Profit for the year 8,588
Less: Drawings (4,500)
29,588

Current Liabilities
Trade Creditors 10,200
Accruals and other payables (5,310 – 120+110) 5,300
Total 45,088

Assets
Non-Current Assets
Fixed assets 35,000 – (540÷90%) 34,400
Accumulated Depreciation 8,000 + [(5,292+99) – (60+99) (13,232)
21,168
Current Assets
Trade Debtors [12,500–400] – [(940+10)÷95%] 11,100
Provision for doubtful debts (11,100×5%) (555)
Closing inventory 9,310
Prepayments and other receivable 2,350+[450 – (120×3.5÷12)] 2,765
Cash and bank balances 1,300
Total 45,088
Solution- 9
Tulip Enterprises
Statement of Profit and Loss
For the year ended 31 December 2017
Sales 35,230
Cost of sales 23,580+70{1,000-(1,130-200)} (23,650)
Gross profit 11,580
Selling and administration expenses:
Salaries and wages (2,610)
Fuel and power (450)
Bad debt expense 230+[ 246(BS)-220] (256)

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
Rent and insurance 2,900-200-300{(800-200)×0.5)}-800(1,200×8÷12) (1,600)
Depreciation expense [1,180.5{(12,500-4,630)×0.15}]+{16.88(450×0.15×3÷12)} (1,197)
Repair and maintenance (920)
(7,033)
Miscellaneous income 940-120(480×0.5×3÷6)+150 970
Profit from operation 5,517
Financial charges (700)
Net profit 4,817
Tulip Enterprises
Statement of Financial Position
As on 31 December 2017
Assets
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment – cost 12,500+450 12,950
Accumulated depreciation 4,630+ 1,197(PL) (5,827)
7,123
Current assets
Trade receivables 4,400
Provision for doubtful debts (1,000×0.05)+(900×0.1)+(530×0.2) (246)
4,154
Stock-in-trade 3,900-70(PL)-670 3,160
Prepayments & advances 1,740+300(PL)+800(PL)-450 2,390
Other receivables 150
Cash and bank 2,320
12,174
19,297
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Capital 6,000
Net profit 4,817
Drawings 490 +200 (690)
10,127
12% Long-term loan 5,150-150(5,150×3÷103) 5,000
Current liabilities
Trade payables 3,250-670 2,580
Accruals and other payables 1,320+120(PL)+150(BS) 1,590
4,170
19,297
Solution- 10

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Sofia Traders
(a)Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 2018
Rs. in '000'
Revenues
Sales 32,350
Return inward (950)
Net sales 31,400

Cost of sales
Opening inventory 5,500
Purchases 21,000
Return outward 700+50 (750)
Closing inventory 7,400–6{240–(250–16)} (7,394)
Cost of sales (18,356)
Gross profit 13,044

Selling and administration expenses:

Salaries and utilities 2,790
Rent 1,000–240 760
Discount allowed 270–15[300(BS)–285] 255
Insurance 300–175(300×7/12)+140 265
Bad debts 106+{226(BS)–220} 112
Depreciation - equipment 1,872
Disposal(500–140)×15%×8/12 = 36
Others[(17,000+400–500)–(4,800–140)]×15% = 1,836
Depreciation- vehicle 470
Addition960(BS)×25%×1/12 = 20
Others(3,000–1,200)×25% = 450
Other expenses 480
(7,004)

Other income
Gain on disposal 400–[360–36(PL)] 76
Discount received 220+12(388/97×3) 232
Interest income 82+16{1,400×7%–82} 98
406
Net profit 6,446

Statement of financial position as at 30 June 2018 Rs. in '000

Assets
Non-current assets
Equipment - cost 17,000+400–500 16,900
Accumulated depreciation 4,800+1,872(PL)–176(140+36) (6,496)
10,404

Vehicle - cost 3,000+960(384/0.4) 3,960

Accumulated depreciation 1,200+470(PL) (1,670)
2,290

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Current assets
Trade debtors 5,350+300(285/0.95) 5,650
Provision of doubtful debts (5,650×4%) (226)
5,424
Closing inventory 7,400–6(PL) 7,394
Prepayments PL 175
Accrued income/Interest receivable PL 16
Deposits at 7% 1,400
Cash and bank balances 620–285 335
13,344
27,438

Equity and liabilities

Equity
Capital 16,000
Profit for the year 6,446
Drawings 352+240 (592)
21,854

Current liabilities
Trade creditors 3,500–12(PL) 3,488
Accruals and other payables 1,520+576[960(BS)×0.6] 2,096
5,584
27,438
Solution- 11
(a) Delta Enterprises
Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 2019
Rs. in '000'
Net sales 487,800-1,950 485,850
Cost of sales 354,700–1,500(1950÷1.3) (353,200)
Gross profit 132,650
Selling W-1 (37,345)
expenses
Administration expenses W-1 (35,132)
Financial 9,000+2,700(90,000×0.12×3÷12)+700 (12,400)
charges
Other income 2,600–450(900×3÷6)+800(960×5÷6) 2,950
Net profit 50,723

(b) Statement of financial position as at 30 June 2019

Rs. in '000'
Assets
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment (230,600+1,240)–(44,300+62(W-1)) 187,478

Current assets
Inventory 67,800+1,500(PL) 69,300

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Trade receivables 94,800–1,950 92,850
Prepayments 3,000+1,575(W-1) –240–240 4,095
Other receivables 5,300+800(PL) 6,100
Cash and bank balances 4,600
176,945
364,423
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Capital 145,000
Profit or loss 34,500+PL 85,223
Drawings (1,350)
228,873

Long-term loan 90000×8÷9 80,000

Current liabilities
Trade & other payables 41,400+(1,240–480×6÷12) 42,400
Unearned revenue PL 450
Interest payable PL 2,700
Current maturity of long- 90,000×1÷9 10,000
term loan
55,550
364,423

W-1: Selling and administration expenses Selling Administration

-------- Rs. in ‘000 --------
As given 29,400 25,900
Depreciation 7,945 11,917
[19,800+62(1,240×0.2×3÷12)] in 40:60
Printer's rent 480×6÷12 - 240
Insurance pertaining to the owner's property (1,350)
Prepaid [(4,500–1,350)÷2] - (1,575)
insurance
37,345 35,132
Solution- 12
(a) Bajang Aamad Limited
Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 2020
Rs. in '000
Revenues 39,770–475 39,295
Cost of sales (W-1) (24,360)
Gross profit 14,935
Selling expense (W-2) (4,996)
Administration expense (W-2) (1,904)
Operating profit 8,035
Finance cost (560)
Net profit 7,475

W-1: Cost of sales Rs. in '000

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Opening stock 5,500
Purchases 26,200
Closing inventory 7,400–60[500–(600–160)] (7,340)
24,360

W-2: Selling & administrative expense Selling Administrati

ve
-------- Rs. in '000 --------
Operating expenses 3,510 in 60:40 2,106 1,404
Sales office rent 1,800–270(1,800×0.6×3÷12) 1,530
Depreciation (W-3) 840 420
Bad debt (480(W-5)–400) 80
Sales supplies 840-320 520
4,996 1,904

W-3: Depreciation expense Rs. in '000

Vehicle:
On opening balance (9,350–150–4,500)×15% 705
On addition 3,600×15%×3/12 135
840
Building 15,000×0.7×4% 420
1,260

(b) Statement of financial position as at 30 June 2020

Rs. in '000
Assets
Non-current assets
Property, plant and (W-4) 20,140
equipment

Current assets
Stock in trade (W-1) 7,340
Sales supplies 320
Trade receivables – net (W-5) 4,775
Prepayment 270 PL +150 PL 420
Cash and bank balances 1,255
14,110
34,250
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Share capital (Rs. 10 each) 8,000
Share premium 2,800
Retained earnings 6,660+7,475 14,135
24,935
Non-current liabilities
Long-term loan 3,000

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Current liabilities
Trade and other payables 2,900+1,440(3,600 –2,160) 4,340
Advance from customer 475
Short term loan 1,500
6,315
34,250

W-4: Property, plant & equipment Rs. in '000

Head office building 15,000
Accumulated depreciation 1,900+420(W-3) (2,320)
12,680
Delivery vehicles 9,350+3,600(2160÷0.6)–150 12,800
Accumulated depreciation 4,500+840(W-3) (5,340)
7,460
20,140

W-5: Trade receivables – net Rs. in '000

Trade receivables 5,255
Provision for doubtful 380×75%+( 5,255–380)×4% (480)
receivables
4,775
Solution- 13
Valsafe Traders
Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2020
Rs. in '000
Revenue 181,100–1,300 179,800
Cost of goods sold
Opening inventory 34,300
Purchases 149,800
Closing inventory 46,300–950+520(40%×1,300) (45,870)
Goods withdrawn (500)
Cost of goods sold (137,730)
Gross profit 42,070
Selling expense 12,450+160(240×2÷3)+1,625(32,500×10%×50%) (14,235)
Distribution expense 8,800–1,250{(32,500–8,750)×5%÷95%} (7,550)
Administration expense 7,460+360(480×9÷12)+1,625 (9,445)
(31,230)
Operating profit 10,840
Other income 1,125–250(375×2÷3)+320 1,195
Financial charges 450+1,225(17,500×14%×6÷12) (1,675)
Net profit 10,360

(b) Statement of financial position as at 31 December 2020

Rs. in '000
Assets
Non-current assets

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE
 Property, plant and equipment 32,500
Accumulated depreciation (8,750–1,250(PL)+3,250(PL) (10,750)
21,750
Current assets
Inventory (PL) 45,870
Trade receivables 36,800–1,300 35,500
Advance 240–160(PL) 80
Prepayments 780–360(PL)–300 120
Cash and bank balances 5,550+1490 7,040
88,610
110,360
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Capital 60,395
Net profit 10,360
Drawings 8,480+500+300 (9,280)
61,475

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables 28,740–320 28,420
Short term loan 17,500
Unearned rent PL 250
Interest payable PL 1,225
Bank overdraft 1,490
48,885
110,360

Prepared by: Dawood Shahid CA & CIMA Affiliate, CPA, MPhil, MBA, OCE